Range Of Responses Research Articles

Spectral asynchrony as a measure of ecosystem response diversity

AbstractSpecies diversity is crucial for promoting ecosystem resilience and stability. Species diversity promotes complementarity in resource use, resulting in a wider range of responses to adverse conditions. This enables populations of different species to fluctuate asynchronously, maintaining ecosystem functioning during extreme climatic events. However, incorporating such mechanisms into conservation decisions and ecosystem modelling requires scalable metrics that represent species diversity, which is currently lacking. To address this, we introduce spectral asynchrony, a metric that captures the spatial heterogeneity of species’ functional responses occurring in distinct pixels. Here, we use remote sensing datasets to investigate the relationship between spectral asynchrony and productivity responses of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) to climatic fluctuations. Our findings reveal that spectral asynchrony is associated with increased resistance and recovery of SDTF productivity in following extreme drought years, as well as greater productivity stability over two decades. Furthermore, higher spectral asynchrony was associated with relatively wetter regions, suggesting that increasing aridity across SDTF could potentially reduce landscape heterogeneity and limit ecosystem resilience to increasing droughts in the future. Spectral asynchrony provides an easily measurable and monitorable metric for assessing ecosystem responses to global changes, reflecting and scaling‐up the effects of species diversity at the local level.

Synthesis of Ag/ZnO/BiOCl Composite Material and Its Photodegradation Performance on Ciprofloxacin

This study focuses on synthesizing a composite material of Ag/ZnO/BiOCl using Ag, ZnO, and BiOCl as raw materials. The material was prepared by loading Ag and BiOCl onto ZnO nanofilms, aiming to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Optimization of the photocatalytic degradation process through single-factor experiments revealed that under conditions of an initial CIP pH of 9, an Ag/ZnO/BiOCl dosage of 1 g/L, and an initial CIP concentration of 5 mg/L the conversion efficiency of CIP reached 98.79% after 150 min of exposure to a 250 W xenon lamp simulating sunlight. Furthermore, the composite material maintained a conversion efficiency of 86.17% for CIP even after five cycles of reuse, demonstrating its excellent stability. The optical properties, elemental composition, valence state, crystallinity, and morphology of the samples were analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the introduction of Ag expanded the light response range of ZnO, while the addition of BiOCl improved the separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs in the composite nanomaterial. The photocatalytic mechanism was further elucidated through radical scavenging experiments, confirming that ·OH and h+ are the main active species in the degradation process.

Characterization of food insecurity among the forced migrants in northern Nigeria

Food insecurity affects many people worldwide. More than one billion people in Sub-Saharan Africa are food insecure. About 35% of this population, representing 346 million, are food insecure because of conflicts and political unrest. About 1.6 million people forced to migrate from northern to Central Nigeria in 2018 alone are food insecure. Food insecurity reduces people’s choice, power, and opportunity to access and control their food practices. Forced migrants have difficult circumstances, including physical restrictions on food access, and cultural and financial means during the migration. However, there is little knowledge of how the forced migrants engaged and managed their food practices throughout their migration period, making the form of food insecurity they experienced poorly understood. This calls for an investigation to increase food security for forced migrants. This article draws on the investigation from an in-depth Narrative interview involving 25 people who had experienced forced migration in northern Nigeria to address this gap. Unstructured interviews were, used for data collection to allow a wide range of responses. Their responses were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed and written in English. The contextual data that resulted from transcriptions of the audio data were subjected to computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) and the data was analyzed. The study's objectives are to find out the forms of food security/insecurity experienced by the forced migrants, their experiences, and the nature of the migration. The finding revealed that violent conflicts caused by terrorists, Fulani herders, religious bigots, and communal disagreement caused forced migration in the region and resulted in short-term, intermittent, and long-term food insecurity. Short-term food insecurity was more devastating for the migrants than intermittent and long-term food insecurity.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties of All-Organic IDT-COOH/O-CN S-Scheme Heterojunctions Through π-π Interaction and Internal Electric Field.

Herein, we present a distinct methodology for the in situ electrostatic assembly method for synthesizing a conjugated (IDT-COOH)/oxygen-doped g-C3N4 (O-CN) S-scheme heterojunction. The electron delocalization effect due to π-π interactions between O-CN and self-assembled IDT-COOH favors interfacial charge separation. The self-assembled IDT-COOH/O-CN exhibits a broadened visible absorption to generate more charge carriers. The internal electric field between the IDT-COOH and the O-CN interface provides a directional charge-transfer channel to increase the utilization of photoinduced charge carriers. Moreover, the active species (•O2-, h+, and 1O2) produced by IDT-COOH/O-CN under visible light play important roles in photocatalytic disinfection. The optimum 40% IDT-COOH/O-CN can kill 7-log of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cells in 2 h and remove 88% tetracycline (TC) in 5 h, while O-CN only inactivates 1-log of MRSA cells and degrades 40% TC. This work contributes to a promising method to fabricate all-organic g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with a wide range of optical responses and enhanced exciton dissociation.

A Dual-Mode Pressure and Temperature Sensor.

The emerging field of flexible tactile sensing systems, equipped with multi-physical tactile sensing capabilities, holds vast potential across diverse domains such as medical monitoring, robotics, and human-computer interaction. In response to the prevailing challenges associated with the limited integration and sensitivity of flexible tactile sensors, this paper introduces a versatile tactile sensing system capable of concurrently monitoring temperature and pressure. The temperature sensor employs carbon nanotube/graphene conductive paste as its sensitive material, while the pressure sensor integrates an ionic gel containing boron nitride as its sensitive layer. Through the application of cost-effective screen printing technology, we have successfully manufactured a flexible dual-mode sensor with exceptional performance, featuring high sensitivity (804.27 kPa-1), a broad response range (50 kPa), rapid response time (17 ms), and relaxation time (34 ms), alongside exceptional durability over 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the resistance temperature coefficient of the sensor within the temperature range of 12.5 °C to 93.7 °C is -0.17% °C-1. The designed flexible dual-mode tactile sensing system enables the real-time detection of pressure and temperature information, presenting an innovative approach to electronic skin with multi-physical tactile sensing capabilities.

Heterojunction engineering decorated TiO2/ZnO three‐dimensional hierarchical structure with g‐C3N4 for solar driving water splitting

AbstractImproving the carrier separation efficiency plays a decisive role in designing and constructing a high‐efficiency photocatalysis reaction system. Derived from providing a directional transport channel for photogenerated carriers, three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures greatly improve the charge separation efficiency. Herein, TiO2/ZnO (TZ)/g‐C3N4 3D hierarchical nanostructure was constructed to artificially simulate photosynthesis of green plants. The optimal TZ/g‐C3N4 photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 1.46 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode potential, 1.6 times that of pure TiO2 (0.9 mA/cm2). Moreover, under constant illumination (100 mW/cm2), the hydrogen production reached 80 μmol/cm2 within 180 min. It is worth noting that the TZ/g‐C3N4 photoanode shows surprising stability, which is an important indicator for the practical application of the photoelectrode. The excellent photoelectrochemical performance benefits from the following two aspects: TZ nanotree structure provides a directional transport channel for photogenerated carriers, and the modification of TZ by g‐C3N4 extends the response range to the visible region.

Biomaterial‐Facilitated Local Delivery of Stem Cell‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: Perspectives in Surgical Therapy

AbstractStem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles that are either naturally produced or pharmacogenetically engineered have shown tremendous potential in regenerative medicine in recent years. These sEVs exert multiple therapeutic effects comparable or superior to their parental stem cells while avoiding the limitations of stem cell‐based therapy, such as infusion toxicity, immunogenicity, tumorigenic potential, and ethical issues. The two routine modalities of sEV administration are systemic injection and local delivery, each presenting distinct benefits and drawbacks. Various biomaterials have been developed to assist their local delivery to improve the targeting of organs, minimize non‐specific accumulation in vital organs, and ensure the protection and release of sEVs. Based on a thorough search and meticulous dissection of relevant literature from the past five years, we present this comprehensive, up‐to‐date, specialty‐specific, disease‐oriented, and preclinical review to expound on the surgical application and potential of stem cell‐derived sEVs. The local delivery of stem cell‐derived sEVs, which possess similar indications as systemic transfer, could treat numerous diseases encountered in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, urology, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology, and dental surgery. In addition, the biomaterials utilized encompass a wide range of sources (e.g., natural, synthetic, and hybrid polymers), format (e.g., scaffold, patch, spray, microneedle), and responsiveness (e.g., temperature, pH, and protein), which enables customized sEV therapy tailored to specific diseases. This review demonstrates biomaterial‐facilitated local delivery of stem cell‐derived sEVs as a viable alternative or even a superior option to systemic sEV therapy. Future collaboration among surgeons, biomaterial scientists, and stem cell researchers is essential to advance this research area.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Tailoring mechanical properties in 3D printed multimaterial architected structures

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in developing architected materials, known for their benefits like being lightweight, customizable mechanical performance, and excellent energy absorption. The capabilities of 3D printing technology have facilitated the emergence of a diverse range of architected structures, featuring various unit cell types and geometries for different applications. This study explores the unique opportunity offered by multimaterial 3D printing in fine-tuning the mechanical performance of architected structures. The exploration of the programmability of these structures involves a systematic assessment of various material candidates. After careful evaluation, the selection process led to the choice of PLA and PCL biopolymers for the multimaterial structure. Experimental results emphasize the key role of design configurations in influencing mechanical characteristics, particularly in enhancing the energy absorption capacity of architected structures. By skillfully manipulating the local structure and composition through the synergistic combination of soft and hard materials, the study demonstrates the ability to achieve a diverse range of mechanical responses. The discovered insights present a promising approach that holds applicability in the design and development of multifunctional devices. This is especially significant in the biomedical field, where there is a growing demand for versatile devices.

Rational construction of MOF-on-MOF heterojunction with an array of flexible two-dimensional microsheets for efficient CO2 photoreduction

MOF-on-MOF composites are deemed promising candidates to accomplish synergistic CO2 capture and photoreduction thanks to their plentiful active sites, extended light response range, timely separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, and large CO2 adsorption capacities. Unfortunately, the controllable growth of the designed MOF-on-MOF heterostructure is challenging. Deficient interphase contact and the consequent mass transfer deprivation is one of the primary obstacles severely impairing the catalytic efficiency. Herein, the contact between two widely-employed MOFs of Ni-BDC and NH2-MIL-125 was significantly strengthened by exploiting a self-assembled array of Ni-BDC microsheets. In contrast to the spontaneously formed spheroidal aggregate, the loosely-packed array exhibits amplified accessible surfaces to interact with NH2-MIL-125, contributing to a radically improved interfacial built-in electric field and 7∼9 times rises in the product yields. Moreover, the preferably thin thickness of Ni-BDC microsheets prompts its macroscopic flexibility, permitting intensified deformation for enhanced interphase contact. Coupled with the additional contribution from its copious Lewis acid sites, the developed NH2-MIL-125@Ni-BDC array simultaneously converted CO2 into CO and CH4 at rates that cannot be matched by its isostructural Co counterpart with declined acidity and flexibility. This work innovatively reveals the immense importance of morphology tailoring and assembly tactic to interphase contact modulation and the upgrade of catalyst performances.

Electrochemical Determination of Imidacloprid Using an Electrosynthesized Hexa-Peri-Hexabenzocoronene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) modified glassy carbon electrodes (HBC/GCEs) was fabricated by an electrochemical synthesis, solving the difficulty of the preparation of HBC films because of its poor solubility. HBC/GCE was used as a sensing electrode for the voltammetric investigation of imidacloprid (IDP). The presence of HBC increased the conductivity of GCE, and showed good electrocatalytic activity toward the reaction of IDP. Therefore, the HBC enhanced the electrochemical signal of IDP, which increased the sensitivity of the sensor. The best performance was obtained by optimizing the electrochemical synthesis time, pH and enrichment time. The linear response range and the limit of detection were 5 to 750 μmol·L−1 and 1.5 μmol·L−1, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor also exhibited good repeatability, selectivity and stability, and promising applications for real sample.

Effect of Sensory Stimulus on Pattern of Dreams among Persons with Disability and Non- Disability

Analysis of dream is still a difficult concept to understand. Many theories has come which has a wide range of opinion on dreams. It is a complex concept influenced by stimulus that brain receives from sensory organs. The aim of the present study was to find the Effect of sensory stimulus on pattern of dreams among persons with disability and non disability. It is a survey research through interview method. 60 students were selected using purposive technique of sampling. All the persons were interviewed based on pre decided questions and open ended answers. A wide range of responses were given by the participants. It was found that children with disability also dream as non disabled students. It was found that sensory blockage has less impact role on dream among children with disability.

Multifunction nanoenzyme-assisted ion-selective and oxidation catalysis SERS biosensors for point-of-care nitrite testing

Point-of-care testing (POCT) for nitrite has significant implications for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various diseases. However, the low polarization and Raman cross section of nitrite present obstacles to monitoring nitrite molecules using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method. In this study, a bionic enzyme (cyanocobalamin (VB12))-modified matrix of metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-67) is chosen as a carrier for loading Au colloid complexes and subsequently utilized as ion-selective SERS biosensors (ADA@ZIF-67 bionic enzyme biosensors). By leveraging the mixed-state of the cobalt (Co) element, the as-prepared biosensors have demonstrated dual-mode nanoenzyme properties, providing increased peroxide activity for nitrite oxidation. Simultaneously, the presence of the distinct bionic state Co in the biosensors enables the ion-selective capture of nitrite. When utilized as a POCT reagent, the biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 1.67 nM for nitrite and a wide linear response range of nitrite spanning from 1 M to 100 nM. Real salivary samples, encompassing varied activities such as working, eating, exercising, and sleeping, are evaluated using the proposed method and commercially available nitrite kits. The SERS biosensors demonstrate superior performance and hold promise as a potential tool for POCT, detection, and healthcare applications.

Ultrasensitive and Rapid Detection of Procalcitonin via Waveguide-Enhanced Nanogold-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Early Sepsis Diagnosis.

Sepsis, a life-threatening inflammatory response, demands economical, accurate, and rapid detection of biomarkers during the critical "golden hour" to reduce the patient mortality rate. Here, we demonstrate a cost-effective waveguide-enhanced nanogold-linked immunosorbent assay (WENLISA) based on nanoplasmonic waveguide biosensors for the rapid and sensitive detection of procalcitonin (PCT), a sepsis-related inflammatory biomarker. To enhance the limit of detection (LOD), we employed sandwich assays using immobilized capture antibodies and detection antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles to bind the target analyte, leading to a significant evanescent wave redistribution and strong nanoplasmonic absorption near the waveguide surface. Experimentally, we detected PCT for a wide linear response range of 0.1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL with a record-low LOD of 48.7 fg/mL (3.74 fM) in 8 min. Furthermore, WENLISA has successfully identified PCT levels in the blood plasma of patients with sepsis and healthy individuals, offering a promising technology for early sepsis diagnosis.

A diaper-based printed sensing array for noninvasively and speedily detecting morphine and potassium ions

Soft, skin-mounted devices for noninvasive, on-demand biofluid analysis to track targets such as electrolytes and administered drugs are essential. Although several sensors have proven their ability to monitor biomarkers, the development of a wearable and flexible sensing array for rapidly tracking both electrolytic ions and morphine remains a significant challenge that requires exploration. Here, we present the first example of a fully integrated, soft, and flexible multiplexed device on a diaper, which combines biosensors for real-time electrochemical monitoring of morphine and potassium ions. We engineered a screen-printable ink using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphite, and elastomer to make the wearable morphine sensor. Our morphine sensor with high catalytic activity toward morphine oxidation showed a response range from 1.0 × 10−7 M to 1.0 × 10−3 M morphine with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.4 × 10−8 M. Furthermore, we designed the array to include a potentiometric sensor with an ionophore-based electrode for sensitive detection. The wearable potassium sensor exhibited a high response, reaching a low concentration down to 1.0 × 10−6 M. In addition, this wearable sensor remains impervious to common agents found in urine. Furthermore, our diaper-based flexible CNT-graphite electrodes can withstand multiple mechanical deformations. These advancements in new flexible nanocomposite CNT-based ink and diaper-based electrodes hold promise as candidates for noninvasive analysis development.

Asymmetric Schottky Barrier-Generated MoS2/WTe2 FET Biosensor Based on a Rectified Signal.

Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors can be used to measure the charge information carried by biomolecules. However, insurmountable hysteresis in the long-term and large-range transfer characteristic curve exists and affects the measurements. Noise signal, caused by the interference coefficient of external factors, may destroy the quantitative analysis of trace targets in complex biological systems. In this report, a "rectified signal" in the output characteristic curve, instead of the "absolute value signal" in the transfer characteristic curve, is obtained and analyzed to solve these problems. The proposed asymmetric Schottky barrier-generated MoS2/WTe2 FET biosensor achieved a 105 rectified signal, sufficient reliability and stability (maintained for 60 days), ultra-sensitive detection (10 aM) of the Down syndrome-related DYRK1A gene, and excellent specificity in base recognition. This biosensor with a response range of 10 aM-100 pM has significant application potential in the screening and rapid diagnosis of Down syndrome.

Convolutional Neural Networks‐Motivated High‐Performance Multi‐Functional Electronic Skin for Intelligent Human‐Computer Interaction

A multi-functional electronic skin (e-skin) with high sensitivity and wide response range is crucial for intelligent human-computer interaction (HCI) system. Here, a multi-functional hybrid e-skin (TPES) integrated by a piezo-capacitive pressure sensor (PCPS) and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported. An ion-gel electrospinning doped with MXene is combined with a micro-structured ion-gel to enrich the structural variations of the overall device, enabling TPES to achieve a high sensitivity of 616.42 kPa−1, a broad response range of 0.6 Pa–1 MPa, and a fast response time of 5.6 ms. The vast surface area of the mixed cellulose foam layer effectively enhances the electrical output of the TENG, making TPES’s application scenarios become more flexible. By further integrating the different functionalities of the TPES with one-dimensional convolutional neural networks and HCI module, a gesture recognition and material perception HCI system is realized. Additionally, benefiting from the excellent performance of the PCPS and TENG, a multi-information recognition HCI system is established, capable of simultaneously recognizing the pressure and surface material of the balls and enabling real-time interaction with a virtual character. In summary, the proposed work offers a novel avenue for practical intelligent HCI system in virtual reality field.

The Omics Dashboard for Interactive Exploration of Metabolomics and Multi-Omics Data.

The Omics Dashboard is a software tool for interactive exploration and analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and multi-omics datasets. Organized as a hierarchy of cellular systems, the Dashboard at its highest level contains graphical panels for the full range of cellular systems, including biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and response to stimulus. Thus, the Dashboard top level surveys the state of the cell across a broad range of key systems in a single screen. Each Dashboard panel contains a series of X-Y plots depicting the aggregated omics data values relevant to different subsystems of that panel, e.g., subsystems within the biosynthesis panel include amino acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate biosynthesis and cofactor biosynthesis. Users can interactively drill down to focus in on successively lower-level subsystems of interest. In this article, we present for the first time the metabolomics analysis capabilities of the Omics Dashboard, along with significant new extensions to better accommodate metabolomics datasets, enable analysis and visualization of multi-omics datasets, and provide new data-filtering options.

Ultra-high sensitivity surface plasmon U-channel photonic crystal fiber for hemoglobin sensing

In order to increase the wavelength response range of the U-channel sensor, a numerical study has been conducted and then the sensing structure has been optimized. A sensor in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed in which a layer of titanium dioxide is coated on the surface of the U-channel and then coated with a gold film. These two different metal films are mainly used to control the Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak and the corresponding resonance wavelength, thus changing the sensor performance. Just below the metal layer are two special air holes on either side. They form a leakage window in the center. In the following sections, the effects of these variables on the sensor will be studied in detail by COMSOL. The modal transmission characteristics of this fiber optic sensor are analyzed in this paper. By analyzing the obtained loss spectrum, the energy variation in the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and the influence of the core mode on the sensing performance of the fiber optic sensor presented, the general rule of the optimized PCF-SPR sensor is deduced. In addition, we can make subtle adjustments to the sensor to improve its sensitivity. We found with the refractive index (RI) ranging from 1.26 to 1.42, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 7500 nm/RIU, which corresponds to a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 11.83 nm，a figure of merit (FOM) of 634.1 RIU−1. In addition, we also have discussed the sensor and different concentrations of hemoglobin aqueous solution to detect its RI. It is evident from the results that the sensor demonstrates excellent sensitivity and a wide detection range, which is highly desirable for practical diagnostic purposes. The potential of this sensor for clinical trials and its application to medical diagnostics is promising. Compared with complex traditional methods, the PCF has obvious advantages such as clear structure, simple manufacture, high sensitivity and strong environmental adaptability. Moreover, it has the advantage of wide wavelength response range and has a clear development prospect in the field of biochemical sensing. It has foreseeable potential practical value.

Predicting Radiotherapy Patient Outcomes with Real-Time Clinical Data Using Mathematical Modelling

Longitudinal tumour volume data from head-and-neck cancer patients show that tumours of comparable pre-treatment size and stage may respond very differently to the same radiotherapy fractionation protocol. Mathematical models are often proposed to predict treatment outcome in this context, and have the potential to guide clinical decision-making and inform personalised fractionation protocols. Hindering effective use of models in this context is the sparsity of clinical measurements juxtaposed with the model complexity required to produce the full range of possible patient responses. In this work, we present a compartment model of tumour volume and tumour composition, which, despite relative simplicity, is capable of producing a wide range of patient responses. We then develop novel statistical methodology and leverage a cohort of existing clinical data to produce a predictive model of both tumour volume progression and the associated level of uncertainty that evolves throughout a patient’s course of treatment. To capture inter-patient variability, all model parameters are patient specific, with a bootstrap particle filter-like Bayesian approach developed to model a set of training data as prior knowledge. We validate our approach against a subset of unseen data, and demonstrate both the predictive ability of our trained model and its limitations.

Synergistic effect of Cu doping and Z-scheme heterojunction on ZnIn2S4/Cu-doped WO3·0.5H2O for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution

The key to realizing efficient hydrogen production driven by sustainable solar is to develop high performance photocatalysts. Herein, a ZnIn2S4/Cu-doped WO3·0.5H2O (ZIS/Cu-WO) heterojunction was synthesized and the synergy between Cu doping and Z-scheme heterojunction in hydrogen production was explored. The synthesized (ZIS/Cu-WO) has a special octahedral structure. The doping of Cu ions can induce the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of WO3·0.5H2O, which extends the spectral response range and improves charge conduction. After growing ZnIn2S4 (ZIS), the optimal ZIS/Cu-WO photocatalyst shows a remarkable H2 production rate of 3084 μmolg-1h-1, which is 7.0 times than undoped ZnIn2S4/WO3·0.5H2O (ZIS/WO). The enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu doping and Z-scheme heterojunction, which further accelerated the separation of photogenerated electron holes. Moreover, the Z-scheme photogenerated charge transfer mechanism was confirmed, and the ZIS/Cu-WO heterojunction exhibits superior stability in 16 h cycle test. This study provides a valuable reference in designing metal ion-doped heterojunction photocatalysts.