Range Of Motion In Individuals Research Articles

Knee4Life: Empowering Knee Recovery After Total Knee Replacement Through Digital Health Protocol.

Pain and knee stiffness are common problems following total knee replacement surgery, with 10-20% of patients reporting dissatisfaction following their procedure. A remote assessment of knee stiffness could improve outcomes through continuous monitoring, facilitating timely intervention. Using machine learning algorithms, computer vision can extract joint angles from video footage, offering a method to monitor knee range of motion in patients' homes. This study outlines a protocol to provide proof of concept and validate a computer vision-based approach for measuring knee range of motion in individuals who have undergone total knee replacement. The study also explores the feasibility of integrating this technology into clinical practice, enhancing post-operative care. The study is divided into three components: carrying out focus groups, validating the computer vision-based software, and home testing. The focus groups will involve five people who underwent total knee replacement and ten healthcare professionals or carers who will discuss the deployment of the software in clinical settings. For the validation phase, 60 participants, including 30 patients who underwent total knee replacement surgery five to nine weeks prior and 30 healthy controls, will be recruited. The participants will perform five tasks, including the sit-to-stand test, where knee range of motion will be measured using computer vision-based markerless motion capture software, marker-based motion capture, and physiotherapy assessments. The accuracy and reliability of the software will be evaluated against these established methods. Participants will perform the sit-to-stand task at home. This will allow for a comparison between home-recorded and lab-based data. The findings from this study have the potential to significantly enhance the monitoring of knee stiffness following total knee replacement. By providing accurate, remote measurements and enabling the early detection of issues, this technology could facilitate timely referrals to non-surgical treatments, ultimately reducing the need for costly and invasive procedures to improve knee range of motion.

Acute Effects of Combined and Distinctive Stretching, Foam Rolling, and Eccentric Exercise in Young Men with Hamstring Tightness.

This study investigated the changes in fascicle length (FL), musculotendinous unit (MTU) stiffness, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), and muscular performance following a single bout of a combination of static stretching (SS) or dynamic stretching (DS) with foam rolling (FR), SS only, and eccentric exercise (ECC) only in young men with hamstring tightness. Twenty-five men (20.5 ± 1.5 years) participated in a crossover randomized study of the four conditions (DS+FR, SS+FR, SS, and ECC); each session was spaced seven days apart. FL, MTU stiffness during the straight leg raise (SLR), hamstring SmO2, and isometric and eccentric torque were measured before, immediately and 30 min after exercise. Immediately after exercise, the SLR increased significantly by means of 7.4% (d = 1.07), 6% (d = 1.27), 6% (d = 1.10), and 8% (d = 1.04, all p < 0.001) for DS+FR, SS+FR, ECC, and SS, respectively. FL was longer after exercise under all four conditions (p < 0.05). MTU stiffness decreased after ECC (p = 0.038, d = 0.40). SmO2 tended to decrease for ECC (p > 0.05), but it was increased immediately after those three exercises. Hamstring isometric torque was significantly reduced by an average of 6-9%, but eccentric torque changes varied among conditions. In conclusion, substantial and similar immediate increases in hamstring flexibility, coupled with reduced isometric torque following various exercises, were accompanied by condition-specific alterations in fascicle length, MTU stiffness, or SmO2. These findings provide practical insights for acutely enhancing range of motion in individuals with tight hamstrings.

Goniometry and fleximetry measurements to assess cervical range of motion in individuals with chronic neck pain: a validity and reliability study

PurposeTo assess the test–retest and inter-rater reliability of goniometry and fleximetry in measuring cervical range of motion in individuals with chronic neck pain.MethodsA reliability study. Thirty individuals with chronic neck pain were selected. Cervical range of motion was measured by goniometry and fleximetry at two time points 7 days apart. To characterize the sample, we used the numerical pain rating scale, Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale, and Neck Disability Index. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Correlations between goniometry and fleximetry measurements were performed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho).ResultsFor goniometry, we found excellent test–retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.986, SEM ≤ 1.89%, MDC ≤ 5.23%) and inter-rater reliability (ICC ≥ 0.947, SEM ≤ 3.91%, MDC ≤ 10.84%). Similarly, we found excellent test–retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.969, SEM ≤ 2.71%, MDC ≤ 7.52%) and inter-rater reliability (ICC ≥ 0.981, SEM ≤ 1.88%, MDC ≤ 5.20%) for fleximetry. Finally, we observed a strong correlation between the goniometry and the fleximetry for all cervical movements (rho ≥ 0.993).ConclusionGoniometry and fleximetry measurements are reliable for assessing cervical range of motion in individuals with chronic neck pain.

The effect of mulligan mobilization technique application in addition to conventional physiotherapy on pain and joint range of motion in people with neck pain

BackgroundTo evaluate the effect of the Mulligan mobilization technique on pain intensity and range of motion in individuals with neck pain. MethodsForty individuals with mechanical neck pain were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups and a total of 10 sessions of treatment were administered to all 2 groups for 2 weeks, 5 days a week. Mulligan mobilization technique, electrophysical agents, active range of motion, and stretching exercises were carried out in the Mulligan group. In contrast, only electrophysical agents and exercises were applied to the conventional physiotherapy group. Range of motion (ROM) of the neck, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used for evaluation. ResultsStatistical analyses were done to compare the amounts at the baseline and immediately after treatment. Statistically significant improvements were found in the post-treatment ROM, VAS, NPDS values in both groups (p < 0.05). When the differences were compared, the results of the Mulligan group were significantly better than the conventional physiotherapy group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of SF-36 parameters (p > 0.05). ConclusionsThis study showed that the Mulligan mobilization technique plus conventional physiotherapy is more effective than conventional physiotherapy in increasing joint range of motion, reducing pain, and reducing neck disability. Trial registratonClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05074576).

Effects of Pilates Exercises as a Treatment Approach in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, primarily due to its prevalence and the complexity of its management. Core muscle weakness and impaired motor control are commonly associated with NSLBP, affecting functional capacity and quality of life. Pilates, an exercise regimen emphasizing core strength, flexibility, and mindful movement, has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention to address these underlying issues. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Pilates exercise program in improving pain intensity and lumbar range of motion in individuals with NSLBP. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Outpatient Departments of Madinah Teaching Hospital and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Thirty participants aged 30-50 years with NSLBP were randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving Pilates exercises plus baseline hot pack treatments or a control group receiving only hot pack treatments. The intervention lasted four weeks, with assessments of pain intensity using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and lumbar range of motion using the Modified Schober’s Test conducted pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analysis involved Wilcoxon tests, paired and independent sample t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate, using SPSS version 25. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements post-treatment, with NPRS scores reducing from a mean of 4.73 (SD=1.033) to 2.93 (SD=0.594) (p&lt;0.001), and lumbar flexion and extension increasing (pre-test lumbar flexion: mean 5.76, SD=1.487 to post-test: mean 6.01, SD=1.368, p=0.002; pre-test lumbar extension: mean 2.56, SD=0.405 to post-test: mean 2.75, SD=0.360, p=0.001). The control group showed no significant changes in NPRS scores or lumbar range of motion. Between-group analyses confirmed the superior effectiveness of the Pilates intervention in improving pain and functional outcomes. Conclusion: Pilates exercises significantly improved pain intensity and lumbar range of motion in patients with NSLBP compared to a control treatment, suggesting that Pilates can be an effective, non-invasive treatment option for managing NSLBP.

Does a Single Session of Cupping Therapy Increase Range of Motion in Individuals With Limited Hamstring Flexibility? A Critically Appraised Topic

Context: Improving hamstring tightness is a common therapeutic goal to maintain performance and reduce injury risk. How effective is a single session of therapeutic cupping on improving hamstring flexibility? Methods: PubMed was searched in the Summer of 2023 using the search terms: cupping and range of motion (ROM). Included studies were intervention studies that evaluated cupping and flexibility within the lower extremity during a single treatment session. Hip flexion ROM was measured with the passive or active straight leg test. Means, SDs, 95% CI, and effect sizes were calculated. Results: Three articles were screened. Warren et al. reported a statistically significant increase in ROM from pre- to posttest of 4.42° using a digital inclinometer during the passive straight leg test. However, this is below a reported minimal detectable difference for the passive straight leg test (10°). Schafer et al. and Williams et al. reported no significant cupping effect over time between groups. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that a single session of cupping therapy does not increase lower-extremity ROM in patients with limited hamstring flexibility.

Deep transverse friction massage in the management of adhesive capsulitis: A systematic review.

To review published clinical trials which assessed the effects of deep transverse friction massage on pain and range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was performed in MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, HMIC, CINAHL, PEDRO, and SPORTDiscus. Two independent reviewers performed screening of the articles retrieved from different databases. Clinical trials published in English language from the earliest record to March 2022 that reported effects of deep transverse friction massage/Cyriax's friction massage on pain and/or range of motion in patients with diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for quality assessment of the included studies. A total of six studies reporting on 226 adhesive capsulitis patients were included in the systematic review. All the six studies were randomized controlled clinical trials. On the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool, four of the six studies had a score of 8/11, while the other two studies received a score of 7/11 and 6/11. Out of these six trials, four reported that pain was significantly (P<0.05) improved in the deep transverse friction massage group as compared to the control group. Regarding range of motion outcome, five studies showed that range of motion was significantly (P<0.05) improved in the deep transverse friction massage group while only one study showed non-significant results. It can be concluded that deep transverse friction massage significantly relieves pain and improves the range of motion in individuals with adhesive capsulitis.

Effectiveness of muscle energy technique on shoulder range of motion in individuals with bicipital tendinitis, randomised clinical trial

Background: Biceps tendinitis is inflammation of the tendon around the long head of the biceps muscle. Pathology of the biceps tendon is most often found in patients 18 to 35 years of age who are involved in sports. Muscle energy technique is a manual therapy procedure which involves the voluntary contraction of a muscle in a precisely controlled direction. MET may be used to decrease pain, stretch tight muscles and fascia, reduce muscle tonus, improve local circulation, strengthen musculature and mobilize joint restrictions.Objectives: To assess persons for bicipital tendinitis, to determine the effect of muscle energy technique in acute and chronic symptoms of bicipital tendinitis and to find out the risk factors for development of bicipital tendinitis.Methodology: Informed consent was taken from each of the subject prior to Participation. All Instruction was given to the subjects about techniques performed. The study was conducted in and around Karad. Subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The study used outcome measures, visual analogue scale (VAS), Range of motion (ROM) and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). All three scores revealed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) reduction in pain after post interventional.Conclusion: This study concluded that there was an improvement in the bicipital tendinitis patients after undergoing 3 weeks of core muscle energy technique protocol. This indirectly improved their shoulder performance by reducing pain to shoulder and improving their dynamic balance.

A Study to Assess the Effect of Post Isometric Relaxation versus Isolytic Contraction on Range of Motion in Individuals with Hamstring Tightness

A Study to Assess the Effect of Post Isometric Relaxation versus Isolytic Contraction on Range of Motion in Individuals with Hamstring Tightness

Effectiveness of Adaptive Silverware on Active Range of Motion in Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. The purpose of this study was to quantify active range of motion (ROM) required for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using built-up spoons with electrogoniometry. Statistical analysis provided quantitative evidence supporting our hypothesis that using a built-up handle requires less active ROM for grasp. Clinical implications suggest built-up handles may be used for people with other conditions with limited hand and wrist ROM, not just RA, increasing participation and independence in daily activiti Primary Author and Speaker: Susan McDonald Additional Authors and Speakers: David Levine, Hensley Barnes, Anna Cornett, Caroline Craig, Sally Langager, Lauren Yeager, and Michael Britt

Effects of Self-stretching with Mobilization on Hip Range of Motion in Individuals with Hip Internal Rotation Deficits

Effects of Self-stretching with Mobilization on Hip Range of Motion in Individuals with Hip Internal Rotation Deficits 의 이용 수, 등재여부, 발행기관, 저자, 초록, 목차, 참고문헌 등 논문에 관한 다양한 정보 및 관련논문 목록과 논문의 분야별 BEST, NEW 논문 목록을 확인 하실 수 있습니다.

The effects of combined sternocleidomastoid muscle stretching and massage on pain, disability, endurance, kinesiophobia, and range of motion in individuals with chronic neck pain: A randomized, single-blind study

BackgroundThe effect of interventions to the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)-muscle, as an important element of neck movement which is overactive in individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP), are unknown. ObjectiveThe aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of SCM stretching and massage on pain, range of motion (ROM), endurance, disability, and kinesiophobia in individuals with CNP. MethodsIn this study, individuals with CNP were randomized 1:1 to parallel SCM-Group (n = 30) or control group (CG) (n = 30). Conventional physiotherapy was applied to CG. In addition to the same interventions applied to the CG, classical massage and stretching exercises were applied to the SCM-muscle in the SCM-Group. Treatment sessions were administered three times each week for a total of 5 weeks. Pain, endurance, ROM, disability, and kinesiophobia were evaluated. Both prior to and immediately following the treatments. Mixed-model repeated measured ANOVAs were then employed to determine if a group*time interaction existed on the effects of the treatment on each outcome variable for each group as the between-subjects variable and time as the within-subjects variables. ResultsImprovements in pain, disability, ROM(extension, left-lateral flexion, and right/left-rotation), and endurance were found to be greater in the SCM-Group compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Changes in flexion and right-lateral flexion ROM and kinesiophobia did not significantly differ between the groups (p > 0.05). ConclusionStretching exercises and massage applied to the SCM-muscle, together with conventional physiotherapy, can reduce pain and disability, and increase ROM and endurance in individuals with CNP. This treatment may therefore be considered for use as an alternative method in treating CNP.The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04345042).

Immediate effects of thoracic manipulation on cervical joint position sense in individuals with mechanical neck pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Performing thoracic manipulations for neck pain can result in immediate improvements in neck function. The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of thoracic manipulation on cervical joint position sense and cervical range of motion in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain. Eighty male volunteers between 18-25 years and having chronic or recurrent neck or shoulder pain of at least 3months duration with or without arm pain were randomized into two groups: Thoracic Manipulation Group (TMG:50) and Control Group (CG:30), with a pretest-posttest experimental design. The TMG was treated with thoracic extension manipulation while the CG received no intervention. Cervical joint position error and cervical range of motion of the individuals were assessed at baseline and 5 minutes later. There was no difference in demographic variables such as age (p= 0.764), Body Mass Index (p= 0.917) and Neck Pain Disability Scale (NPDS) scores (p= 0.436) at baseline outcomes between TMG and CGs. Joint position error outcomes between the two groups following intervention were similar in all directions at 30 and 50 degrees. Differences in range of motion following intervention in neck flexion (p< 0.001) and right rotation (p= 0.004) were higher in TMG compared to CG. A single session of thoracic manipulation seems to be inefficient on joint position sense in individuals with mild mechanical neck pain. However, thoracic manipulation might be an effective option to increase flexion and rotation of the cervical region as an adjunctive to treatment.

Short Term Effects of Kinesiology Tape on Shoulder Pain and Range of Motion in Individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

To investigate the short-term effects of kinesiology taping on shoulder pain and active range of motion (AROM) in individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Dual-task walking reduces lower limb range of motion in individuals with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait: But does it happen during what events through the gait cycle?

It is unclear how dual-task gait influences the lower limb range of motion (RoM) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and freezing of gait (FOG). The lower limb kinematics during dual-task gait might differ from regular gait, but during what events in the gait cycle? This is an observational within-subjects study. Thirty-two individuals with PD and FOG underwent a gait analysis. Single and dual-task gait was assessed by a 3D motion analysis system and the RoM data of the lower limb were extracted from hips, knees and ankles in the sagittal plane. Dual-task assignment was performed using word-color interference test. To compare both gait conditions, we used two different analyses: (1) common discrete analysis to provide lower limb RoM and (2) Statistical Parametric Mapping analysis (SPM) to provide lower limb joint kinematics. A correlation between lower limb RoM and spatiotemporal gait parameters was also performed for each gait condition. Common discrete analysis evidenced reductions in RoM of hips, knees and ankles during the dual task gait when compared to single gait. SPM analysis showed reductions in flexion-extension of hip, knees and ankles joints when dual task was compared to single task gait. These reductions were observed in specific gait events as toe off (for knees and ankles) and heel strike (for all joints). The reduction in lower limb RoM was positively correlated with the reduction in step length and gait speed. Lower limb joints kinematics were reduced during toe off and heel strike in dual task gait when compared to single gait. These findings might help physiotherapists to understand the influence of dual and single walking in lower limb RoM throughout the gait cycle in people with PD and FOG.

The Evaluation of Joint Mobilization Dosage on Ankle Range of Motion in Individuals With Decreased Dorsiflexion and a History of Ankle Sprain.

Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) is a common intervention used to address dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) impairments. However, the treatment dosage of MWMs varies within the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of serial MWM application on DFROM. Repeated-measures cohort. A Midwestern University and the surrounding community. A total of 18 adults (13 females; age = 29 [12.87]y; DFROM = 30.26° [4.60°]) with decrease dorsiflexion (<40°) participated. Inclusion criteria consisted of a history of ≥1 ankle sprain, ≥18 years old, no lower-extremity injury in the last 6months, and no history of foot/ankle surgery. Participants completed a single data collection session consisting of 10 individual sets of MWMs. DFROM was taken at baseline and immediately after each intervention set (post 1, post 2, … post 10). DFROM was measured with a digital inclinometer on the anterior aspect of the tibia during the weight-bearing lunge test with the knee straight and knee bent. Analysis of variances examined DFROM changes over time. Post hoc analysis evaluated sequential pairwise comparisons and changes from baseline at each time point. Analysis of variance results indicated a significant time main effect for weight-bearing lunge test with knee bent (P < .001) and a nonsignificant effect for weight-bearing lunge test with knee straight (P < .924). Post hoc analysis indicated improvements in the weight-bearing lunge test with knee bent at each timepoint compared with baseline (P < .005). Post 2 improved compared with post 1 (P = .027). No other pairwise sequential comparisons were significant (P > .417). MWMs significantly improved acute knee bent DFROM and indicated that after 2 sets of MWMs, no further DFROM improvements were identified. Future research should investigate the lasting effects of DFROM improvements with variable MWM dosages.

Effect of spinal manipulation on shoulder pain and range of motion in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy

Introduction: There are few studies that propose to identify the relations of the spinal manipulation on the pain and the mobility of the shoulder, especially in injuries of the rotator cuff. Objective: To analyze the effect of spinal manipulation on shoulder pain and range of motion in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Method: Quasi-experimental study with quantitative approach. The sample consisted of volunteers aged between 20 and 70 years, presenting pain for at least 6 months, with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy (RCT). An evaluation form composed of the identification data was applied. Subsequently, the following evaluations were performed: kinetic-functional, pain through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Range of Motion (ROM) of the shoulder (flexion and abduction) using the goniometer. After the evaluations, the spinal manipulation (“Crossed Pisiform”) was performed on the thoracic spine, and then ROM and pain were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed the normality of the data by the Shapiro-Wilk test, comparing the effect of pre and post manipulation. A paired t-test was applied, adopting significance level of 5%. Results: Pain after spinal manipulation presented a significant reduction (p=0,019). The flexion movement after manipulation showed an increase in ROM in the shoulder with injury, but not significant (p=0,058), and for the abduction movement a significant increase was registered in both the shoulder with injury (p=0,01) and without injury (p=0,03). Conclusion: After spinal manipulation it was possible to verify decrease of shoulder pain as well as increase of shoulder ROM with and without injury in the abduction movement.

Immediate Effects of Bilateral Neuromuscular Taping on Upper Trapezius Muscle in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Background Researchers investigated the effects of neuromuscular taping on different musculoskeletal conditions. Considering the demonstrated short-term effectiveness of neuromuscular taping for the management of shoulder pain, kinesiotaping may also be beneficial in reducing pain in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain. Objective To determine the immediate effects of neuromuscular taping on head position, neck pain and cervical range of motion in individuals with neck pain. Methods Sixty subjects with chronic neck pain were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: the experimental group received neuromuscular taping on upper trapezius bilaterally (with tension) and the placebo group received a sham neuromuscular taping application (without tension). Visual analogue scale (VAS), craniocervical angle and cervical range of motion data were collected at baseline and immediately after the neuromuscular taping application. Results The group-by-time interaction for t-test was statistically significant for pain recorded by visual analogue scale (p&lt; 0.001). Patients in the experimental group obtained a similar improvement in pain to those in the control group (p&lt; 0.001). Conclusions Patients with mechanical neck pain who received and application of neuromuscular taping with proper tension or sham neuromuscular taping exhibited similar reductions in neck pain intensity, but not in cervical range of motion.

Whole-body vibration and stretching enhances dorsiflexion range of motion in individuals with chronic ankle instability

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if WBV performed concurrently with static stretching was more effective than static stretching alone to increase dorsiflexion ROM (DFROM) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). DesignControlled laboratory study. ParticipantsThirty-nine participants with CAI (history of ankle sprain, a feeling of “giving way” during activity, and a qualifying Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Ankle score) were divided into 3 groups (normative (N), static stretch (SS), and static stretch with vibration (SV)). Participants stretched the triceps surae 4 days/wk for 3 wks. Vibration was imposed at 34 Hz and 1.8 mm. Main outcome measuresDFROM was assessed in a straight and bent-leg position. ResultsNo differences were detected at any time in the N or SS group, however SS did exhibit large effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) that did not cross zero from baseline to 3 weeks for both measures. The SV group demonstrated increased DFROM from baseline for both time points and a large effect size with 95% CI that did not cross zero from post tx-1 to post tx-2. ConclusionsStatic stretching with WBV increases DFROM in participants with CAI more effectively than static stretching alone.

The Effect of Cerebral Palsy Disease Severity, Socioeconomic Status, and Educational Background on Selective Percutaneous Myofascial Lengthening Reoperation Rates.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neuro-developmental disorder. Spastic CP is the most common type of CP and is characterized by contractures of the extremities. Selective Percutaneous Myofascial Lengthening (SPML) is a minimally invasive procedure practiced by a handful of physicians in the US, and it decreases contractures and increases the range of motion in individuals with spastic CP. This study wanted to examine if there was an association between CP severity, socioeconomic status, and reoperation rates. This study used electronic medical records (EMR) to include 626 patients with spastic CP who had surgeries between January 2006 and December 2012. The zip codes from the EMR were used to determine the inflation-adjusted mean income and educational qualification (a high school education or higher) of the community via the US Census Bureau. Disease severity before the initial surgery was determined by using the functional mobility scale in the EMR to compute the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Then the data was graphed and averages were taken for the reoperation versus the no-reoperation populations, and Student's t-tests were run to determine statistical significance. The data showed that communities with higher education and income tended to reoperate more often. The higher number of reoperations in affluent communities could mean that either more affluent communities are better educated and know the benefits of bringing their children back for reoperation or that they require further education about physical therapy after the initial surgery to decrease the incidence of reoperation. This retrospective study is a level 2 study looking at the socioeconomic and educational backgrounds and disease severity and their association with reoperation rates.