Randomized Pretest-posttest Design Research Articles

EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI AROMATERAPI PEPPERMINT DAN LEMON UNTUK MENGURANGI MUAL MUNTAH YANG BERLEBIHAN PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I DI PMB RONNI SIREGAR

One of the problems that occur during pregnancy that can increase the degree of pain is the occurrence of gestosis during pregnancy or diseases that typically occur during pregnancy, and one of the gestosis in pregnancy is hyperemesis gravidarum. The impact can occur on the mother and fetus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the combination of Peppermint and Lemonade Aromatherapy in reducing excessive vomiting nausea in 1st trimester pregnant women. This study uses a type of quantitative research with a Quasi-Experimental design with a Non Randomized Pretest Posttest Design. This research was conducted in December 2023 at the Midwifery Room of Medan Adventist Hospital. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling with a sample of 10 people. The instrument in this study used the observation sheet PUQE-24 Scoryng System. Based on researcher data from 10 respondents before the intervention was given, 6 of them experienced severe vomiting nausea and 4 respondents experienced moderate vomiting nausea and after the intervention there was a decrease in the level of vomiting nausea, namely 6 respondents with moderate vomiting nausea and 4 respondents experienced a decrease in mild vomiting nausea. The statistical test in this study used the Paired Sample T Test. The results of statistical tests with the Paired Sample Test obtained p values of 0.000 < 0.05. The conclusion of the results of this study is that the combination of peppermint and lemonade aromatherapy is effective in reducing excessive vomiting nausea in 1st trimester pregnant women.

The impact of intervention modality on students' multiplication fact fluency

AbstractWhile an abundance of evidence‐based mathematics interventions are available to support students’ mathematics fluency, research suggests that they are not often implemented within schools. Moreover, national data suggests that most students in the United States are not meeting grade level expectations in mathematics. This underperformance coupled with limited implementation of evidence‐based practices emphasizes the need to provide schools with effective, efficient, and resource friendly interventions to support students’ mathematics achievement. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of reciprocal peer tutoring, iPad delivered flashcards, and a combined intervention condition on the multiplication fluency of 72 third grade students enrolled in two public schools in the midwestern region of the United States using a randomized pretest–posttest design. Students received 10 min of intervention after their core instruction 4 days per week for 5 weeks. Results suggest that there were few differences between treatment groups on both proximal and distal measures. Moreover, all groups demonstrated significant growth from pre‐ to posttest on proximal measures. Assessment response rates across modalities and student engagement are discussed along with implications for research and practice.

Writing about historical significance: The effects of a reading-to-write instruction

In a randomized pretest–posttest design, we examined the effects of a reading-to-write instruction on (a) the quality of students’ essays and (b) on metaknowledge about reading, reasoning about historical significance, and writing. Results showed that 10th grade students in the reading-to-write condition (N = 46) wrote significantly better essays compared to students who received a content-based instruction (N = 48). In addition, students in the reading-to-write condition scored significantly higher on metaknowledge about reading historical accounts than students in the content-based condition. Self-reports on learning gains indicated that students in the reading-to-write condition gained deeper understanding of historical knowledge than students in the content-based condition.

Model specification for nonlinearity and heterogeneity of regression in randomized pretest posttest studies: Practical solutions for missing data.

The randomized pretest posttest design is common in psychology, as is the corresponding missing data concern. Although missing data handling has seen advances over the past several decades, effective and practical solutions for handling missing data in randomized pretest posttest designs are lacking, particularly when assumptions of commonly used statistical models are violated. Although analysis of covariance can capture the average treatment effect with complete data, even when assumptions are tenuous, this becomes more difficult with missing data. This investigation fills this gap in the literature by comparing a variety of analysis models for estimating the average treatment effect under violations of linearity and homogeneity of regression slopes, when data are missing by several plausible, but understudied, missing at random patterns for randomized pretest posttest studies. Two missing data handling techniques, listwise deletion and multiple imputation, were considered. Listwise deletion provided maximum likelihood estimates (unbiased and appropriately precise) of the average treatment effect as long as the analysis model was appropriately specified to handle the violated assumption and the pretest mean was estimated using all cases. Although multiple imputation was effective as long as the imputation model was correct, the results highlight to the importance of model specification in the context of missing data. Importantly, the specific pattern of missing at random data had implications for results, emphasizing the need to consider the particular pattern of missingness beyond the general appropriateness of the missing at random assumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

1-1THE EFFECT OF SIMVASTATIN FOR CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENT WITH HYPERTENSION

Background: Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) may be measured by ultrasound, where the distance between a double-line reflex pattern representing the luminal-intimal and the medial-adventitial interfaces corresponds well with IMT measured in histological specimens. Patients with hypertension tend to develop a thickening of the intima-media carotid artery. Simvastatin inhibits further atherothrombotic process. Objective: To analyze the effect of simvastatin for CIMT in ischemic stroke patient with hypertension. Method: This study was a Randomized Pretest-Posttest Design and conducted at the Hospital Inpatient Ward Dr Kariadi Semarang from January to December 2018 for all first ischemic stroke patients with hypertension treatment in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Subjects were divided into groups of 35 controls, and 38 patients treated groups. The treatment group were given simvastatin 20 mg each daily for 24 weeks in 38 subjects with a history of acute ischemic stroke and hypertension. Examine the CIMT at the 1st week and 24th week. The normality of the data was tested using Shapiro Wilk and the differences analyzed by using Paired t-test. Result: There was a significant difference between CIMT on the administration of simvastatin for ischemic stroke patients with hypertension (p = 0,04). Conclusion: Simvastatin significantly decreases CIMT on ischemic stroke patients with hypertension.

Multiplicative treatment effects in randomized pretest-posttest experimental designs.

In randomized pretest-posttest experimental designs, experimental treatments are commonly compared through an additive difference. The assumed additive effects of experimental treatments, in randomized pretest-posttest design, also correspond to additive differences between pre- and posttreatment measures. However, it is possible that experimental treatments differ in ratios and the treatment effects are multiplicative. Logarithmic-transformed ANOVA (LANOVA) and logarithmic-transformed ANCOVA (LANCOVA)-reparameterizations of log-log regression models-are proposed to test multiplicative effects given randomized pretest-posttest experimental designs. In addition, a new effect size measure is proposed for treatment effects that are multiplicative instead of additive. Model selection strategy, sample size planning, and power calculation for the proposed methods are also provided. Simulation studies were conducted to compare the Type I error rates and power of proposed methods to those of symmetrized change analysis, ANOVA, ANCOVA, gain score analysis, and ANCOVA with logarithmic-transformed dependent variable given population effect of both additive and multiplicative nature. An empirical data analysis follows to show the interpretational difference between multiplicative and additive effects. While logarithmic transformations are most often recommended to address skewness, our article shows how a log transformation can be used to reconceptualize the fundamental nature of the treatment effect. Finally, recommendations, limitations, and future directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Perbandingan Penerapan Metode Brainstorming dan Buzz Group Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Suami Ibu Hamil Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan, Persalinan, Dan Nifas (Studi Kasus Di Bogor)

It is important to give the husbands of pregnant women, as decision makers in the family, health education about the danger signs in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Methods of brainstorming and buzz group on health education are able to stimulate the active role of participants of a discussion, so they accept the information given to them more easily. 
 
 This was a Quasi Experimental Study with Non Randomized Pretest-Posttest design. Population in this study consisted of the husbands whose wife was pregnant and lived in the work area of Sukamakmur Puskesmas (Community Health Center) in Bogor District. Accidental sampling method was used and it involved two groups, namely brainstorming group consisting of 63 respondents and buzz group consisting of 61 respondents. Statistical analysis used Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.
 The results showed that the respondents knowledge was improved immediately after the health education had been given (p <0.001). The results of Mann-Whitney test described that the increased median value of knowledge of the respondents in buzz group was better than that in brainstorming group. The conclusion shows that Buzz group has better impacts on the increased median value of the respondents’ knowledge.

Text-to-Speech Software and Learning: Investigating the Relevancy of the Voice Effect

Technology advances quickly in today’s society. This is particularly true in regard to instructional multimedia. One increasingly important aspect of instructional multimedia design is determining the type of voice that will provide the narration; however, research in the area is dated and limited in scope. Using a randomized pretest–posttest design, we examined the efficacy of learning from an instructional animation where narration was provided by an older text-to-speech engine, a modern text-to-speech engine, or a recorded human voice. In most respects, those who learned from the modern text-to-speech engine were not statistically different in regard to their perceptions, learning outcomes, or cognitive efficiency measures compared with those who learned from the recorded human voice. Our results imply that software technologies may have reached a point where they can credibly and effectively deliver the narration for multimedia learning environments.

Pengaruh Metode Latihan Interval Intensif dan Interval Ekstensif terhadap Peningkatan VO2 Max

The objective of the study was to demonstrate the effect of intensive and extensive interval training methods on the improvement of VO2Max. This type of research is a quasi experiment using Randomized Pretest-Posttest Design Group research design. The research method used Intensive Interval Training and extensive Interval Training. The results of this study obtained the correlation of both test groups of 0.491 with significance of 0.150, paired sample test, obtained by the mean differences of 3.530. Thit = 3.187 greater than ttab 2.262, with df = 9, P = 0.011. This proves a significant difference in the second group VO2Max intensive interval training test. Next paired sample test, obtained the mean differences of 6.410. Thit = 5.702 greater than ttab 2.262, with df = 9, P = 0.000. This proves that there is a significant difference in the VO2Max of both groups of tests of extensive training methods and paired sample test, obtained by mean differences of 8,640. Thit = 10.640 greater than ttab 2.262, with df = 9, P = 0.000. This proves a significant difference in both groups of VO2Max intensive and extensive exercise test methods. Where extensive interval training methods are better than intensive training methods Keywords: Intensive, Extensive, Extensive, Vo2max Intenval Exercise Method

A Randomized Trial of an Advanced Sun Safety Intervention for Vacationers at 41 North American Resorts

Taking vacations in sunny locations is associated with the development of skin cancer. This study tested a multi-component sun protection intervention based on diffusion of innovations theory and transportation theory designed to increase vacationers’ comprehensive sun protection, i.e., use of clothing, hats, and shade, and use, pre-application, and reapplication of sunscreen. The trial enrolled 41 warm weather resorts in North America in a pair-matched group randomized pretest–posttest design and assessed samples of adult vacationers at resort outdoor recreation venues regarding sun protection at pretest (n = 3,531) and posttest (n = 3,226). While results showed no overall effect of the intervention on comprehensive sun protection across venues, the intervention produced statistically significant improvements in sun protection at waterside venues (pools and beaches). The intervention’s overall effects may have been impeded by a lack of uniformly robust implementation, low interest in skin cancer prevention by guests, or shortcomings of the theories used to create prevention messages. The intervention may have worked best with guests in the highest-risk recreation venue, i.e., waterside recreation where they exposed the most skin. Alternative approaches that alter resort organizations, such as through changes in policy, environmental features, or occupational efforts might be more effective than targeting vacationers with behavior-change messages.

Self Management Intervention Increasing Compliance In Patient With Dm

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) was a degenerative disease which often found in the community. Diabetes was caused by unhealthy habits, such as overeating, lack of exercise, and stress. The purpose of this study was to identify selfmanagement as one of the interventions that can improve treatment compliance in patients with diabetes.Methods: This study was used quasy experiments non randomized pretest-posttest design. Samples were 20 families who lived with type 2 diabetes patient. Variable independent was self management intervention and variable dependent was patient complience. Data were collected by using interview, food recall, and observation on behavioral change. Data then analyzed by using paired t-test with α≤0.05.Results: The results had showed that before intervention only 3 (15 %) respondents who obey diabetes diet, then increase to 19 (95 %) respondents after intervention with p value=0.000. Patient’s medication compliance also increased, from 6 (30 % ) respondents before intervention to 20 (100%) respondents after intervention, with p value= 0.000. Patient compliance on exercise also increase from 2 (10%) respondents before intervention, become 19 (95%) respondents after intervention, with p value=0.000.Concluison: Self management intervention could improve patient’s knowledge, problem-solving skills, and self-effi cacy. Self management should be done after the patient had understand their disease and realized the importance of self-care. Community health nurses were expected to implement self management as one of nursing intervention, so that patient compliance on their treatment can be increased.

The effects of explicit teaching of strategies, second-order concepts, and epistemological underpinnings on students’ ability to reason causally in history.

This article reports an experimental study on the effects of explicit teaching on 11th grade students’ ability to reason causally in history. Underpinned by the model of domain learning, explicit teaching is conceptualized as multidimensional, focusing on strategies and second-order concepts to generate and verbalize causal explanations and epistemological underpinnings connected to causal reasoning in history. In a randomized pretest–posttest design (N = 95), with a treatment and a control condition, effects of explicit teaching were investigated on students’ (a) second-order and strategy knowledge, (b) their epistemological beliefs, and (c) their ability to construct a causal explanation, as well as (d) their topic knowledge, and (e) their individual interest. Results show that students in the experimental group scored significantly higher at the posttest on knowledge of causal-reasoning strategies and second-order concepts (sr² = .09), attributed a significantly higher value to criterialist epistemological beliefs (sr² = .04), and reported a higher individual interest (sr² = .02). We found no differences between conditions in the overall quality of students’ written explanations. However, the experimental group scored significantly higher on 1 core criterion, that is, the “use of second-order language and causal connections” (sr² = .06). No differences were found on first-order knowledge. Furthermore, self-reports on learning gains and correlational analysis were applied to explore the interrelatedness of second-order and strategy knowledge, epistemological beliefs, student’s ability to construct a causal explanation, topic knowledge, and individual interest.

Using mi Impute Chained to fit ANCOVA Models in Randomized Trials with Censored Dependent and Independent Variables

In this article, we illustrate how to use mi impute chained with intreg to fit an analysis of covariance analysis of censored and nondetectable immunological concentrations measured in a randomized pretest–posttest design.