Random Effects Ordered Probit Model Research Articles

Might low-protein diet for chronic kidney disease patients be successful A case study with the application of a random effects ordered probit model

Might low-protein diet for chronic kidney disease patients be successful A case study with the application of a random effects ordered probit model

Analysis of Factors Influencing Individuals' Probability of Smoking in Turkey: A Random-Effects Ordered Probit Model

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ailelerin veya aile bireylerinin sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik özellikleri ile sigara tüketme olasılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamayı amaçlamıştır.
 Materyal ve Yöntem: Analizde, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından oluşturulan 2019 Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmasından (TSA) elde edilen 8166 hane ve 17000 bireyin verisi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle ailelerin veya bireylerin sigara içmelerini etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiş, daha sonra bu faktörlerin marjinal etkileri rasgele-etki sıralı probit modeli kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve yorumlanmıştır.
 Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmada aile üyeleri veya ailelerden, düşük eğitime sahip olanların, erkeklerin, fiziksel güç gerektiren mesleklerde çalışanların ile orta ve yüksek gelire sahip olanların sigara tüketimine daha fazla yatkın oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Günlük yürüyüş pratiği, sigara tüketimini sınırlamaya yönelik olumlu bir etki taşımakla birlikte, günde bir veya daha fazla paket sigara tüketme olasılığını 2.83 puan düşürme eğilimi sergilemektedir.
 Sonuç: Karar vericiler, tüm paydaşlarla işbirliği içinde, ekonomik seviyeleri, eğitim düzeyleri, coğrafi bölgeler ve sosyoekonomik durumları fark etmeksizin tüm bireyleri hedefleyen özel bir sigara kontrolü stratejisi oluşturabilirler.

Communication in times of crisis: Information flow among Chinese hog producers during the African swine fever outbreak

AbstractThe outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) had an enormous economic and social impact on Chinese hog producers. Using a face‐to‐face survey with hog farmers from two regions of China, Chongqing, and Hebei, this research investigated how social influence affects producers’ behavior under disease outbreak using social network analysis. It was analyzed how information flows during an epidemic, such as ASF. Results indicate that hog producers used phone and text more frequently to communicate during the epidemic than before. Face‐to‐face meetings with other hog producers and sales agents decreased during the ASF epidemic—potentially leading to isolation. Moreover, the frequency of face‐to‐face meetings with veterinarians decreased for farmers living in a village in Hebei but remained the same for hog producers in Chongqing. This suggests that the desire to have less face‐to‐face meetings was being replaced with the demand for more help regarding hog health from veterinarians when hog producers lived farther away from each other compared to those living closer together. Employing a random effect ordered probit model, these results were further validated, showing that hog producers dramatically reduced their communication frequency with others after the outbreak of ASF. Findings provide insights into how information flows and how actors communicate during a situation of crisis. [EconLit Citations: D71, D85, Q12, Q18].

Determining the Relationship Between Distinct Obesity Prevalence Groups and Risk Factors By Panel Random-Effect Ordered Probit Model in Turkey

Determining the Relationship Between Distinct Obesity Prevalence Groups and Risk Factors By Panel Random-Effect Ordered Probit Model in Turkey

Might low-protein diet for chronic kidney disease patients be successful A case study with the application of a random effects ordered probit model.

Might low-protein diet for chronic kidney disease patients be successful A case study with the application of a random effects ordered probit model.

Financial Anxiety among International Students in Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis between International Students in the United States of America and China

Financial anxiety is one of the most stress-causing factors, destabilizing students’ academic activities and performance. This study investigated whether there was any financial anxiety in international students in higher education institutions by comparing students in the USA and mainland China. The study employed a random-effect ordered probit model that utilised a sample size of 3953 international students during the academic years 2017–2019. The findings showed a significantly low rate of financial anxiety among international students in the United States, while international students in China experienced a highly significant financial anxiety as far as academic life was concerned. Additionally, a robustness check using marginal effects in probit showed a positive life satisfaction towards financial behaviour after the study period in the USA, while a negative life satisfaction towards financial behaviour existed in mainland China. Nevertheless, the study put forward vital recommendations to help address this phenomenon and strengthen the relationship between international students and administrators of higher education institutions in both countries.

Remittances and subjective well-being: A static versus dynamic panel approach to happiness

Using all five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) panel dataset, we examine the effect of domestic remittances on the static and dynamic subjective well-being (SWB) of recipient individuals in South Africa, by using a random effects ordered probit model that accounts for individual heterogeneity. Moreover, we check the robustness of our static model results by making use of an instrumental variable for migrants’ remittances. Two major empirical findings emerge from this paper: firstly, domestic remittances are consistently found to have a positive and statistically significant impact on the happiness of recipient individuals. Moreover, this finding persists in both the static and dynamic panel models. Secondly, the coefficient on lagged SWB (derived from the dynamic model) is found to be positive and statistically significant, confirming that SWB today is significantly influenced by SWB in the past.

Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity in rural Nigeria: A panel analysis

The study assessed dynamics of food insecurity among households in rural Nigeria using the Living Standard Measurement Survey-Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMSISA) collected in 2010/2011 and 2015/2016. Food insecurity status of the households was constructed using Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and analysed with descriptive statistics and random effect ordered probit model. Overall, 63.10%, 26.24%, 9.53% and 1.13% of households were food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure andseverely food insecure, respectively in the first panel; while 46.53%, 31.63%, 19.39% and 2.45% were food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure and severely food insecure, respectively in the second panel. Food insecurity status increased with large household size, dependency ratio, being female-headed and aging household heads. Households in south-eastern Nigeria had a higher food insecurity incidence than elsewhere. Age, age squared, female to male adult ratio, primary and tertiary education, occupation, marital status, household size, access to credit and living in North East, North West, South West, South East and South zones were the correlates of food insecurity in rural Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended an increased awareness on the use of family planning methods and improved access to family planning services. Also, severely food insecure households should be identified and specifically targeted by the government for appropriate safety net interventions.

Obesity, Long-Term Health Problems, and Workplace Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Australian Workers

This study investigates the impact of obesity, long-term health problems and their interaction on three specific aspects of job satisfaction among Australian adult workers. Exploiting longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey for the years 2006-2017, this study estimates overall job satisfaction, pay satisfaction and job security satisfaction using a common set of explanatory variables. Results from both random effects generalized least squares estimation and random effects ordered probit model confirm that obesity has a significant negative impact on workers' pay and job security satisfaction. The results indicate that overweight workers are dissatisfied about their job security compared to normal weight peers. The study results reveal that long-term health problems significantly reduce all aspects of job satisfaction of the workers. However, the results indicate that the interaction of obesity and long-term health problems positively influences workers' overall job satisfaction. Overall, the study findings are in line with the hypothesis that obese workers with long-term health problems have low expectations about their job.

Effects of emergency medical services times on traffic injury severity: A random effects ordered probit approach

Objective: Emergency medical services (EMS) play a vital role in the postcrash effort to reduce fatalities by providing first aid treatment and transportation to medical facilities. This study aims to analyze the time required for crash reporting and EMS arrival in fatal traffic crashes and to explore the effects of EMS time on the traffic injury severity.Methods: The time required for EMS reporting, arrival, and transport to hospital was calculated by location type and roadway functional classification using 2016 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data. Subsequently, an ordered probit model was developed to identify factors contributing to injury severity considering EMS time.Results: The average time for the crash–reporting duration is 5.38 min, the reporting–scene arrival interval is 10.52 min, and the scene–hospital interval is 34.72 min. The average crash reporting and reporting–scene arrival intervals were the longest on conventional roads in rural areas and the shortest on conventional roads in urban areas. The average scene–hospital interval was longest in conventional rural areas and the shortest on freeways/expressways in urban areas. The developed random effects ordered probit model shows that prolonged reporting–scene arrival and scene–hospital intervals result in more severe injuries. The result also presents that crash type, violation, age, location, lighting condition, and alcohol/drug involvement have significant effects on injury severity.Conclusions: The key findings from this study indicate that EMS times differ according to urban/rural location and road functional classification and that reporting–scene arrival and scene–hospital intervals have significant effects on injury severity along with various factors. It is expected that the findings from this study can be used to develop effective and practical strategic plans to minimize EMS reporting, arrival time, and transport to hospital and therefore decrease the traffic injury severity.

Are workers with disabilities more likely to be constrained in their working hours?

PurposeThe mismatch between desired and actual hours of work per week is common among the employed in many countries and has important effects on the adequate functioning of labour markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the likelihood of being underemployed, matched or overemployed in terms of hours worked for workers without and with disabilities in Germany by using longitudinal data.Design/methodology/approachData are taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1985-2013) for a large sample of salaried workers aged 16-64. The authors have used a “Random-effects ordered probit model” to estimate the impact of being disabled on the likelihood of suffering any type of working time mismatch. Additionally, the authors have estimated a “Tobit Random-effects model” on the number of hours of underemployment and overemployment.FindingsFemales with disabilities are more likely to be overemployed than females without disabilities. In addition, only females with disabilities experience a lower number of hours of underemployment than females without disabilities. As for overemployment, both males and females with disabilities are more likely to report a higher number of hours of overemployment as compared to their non-disabled counterparts.Originality/valueThis paper therefore shows the importance of combating and reducing the hours of overemployment for all workers in general and for males and females with disabilities in particular. A large longitudinal data set has been used in the paper and it is the first attempt to estimate the determinants of being underemployed, matched and overemployed for workers without and with disabilities.

Factors affecting the propensity to cycle - the case of Thessaloniki

Abstract Societies today invest in transport sustainability by investigating and promoting smarter and greener transport solutions such as intelligent transport systems, electric vehicles, cycling and walking through targeted strategies. An indicator of the success of such strategies is their uptake from the travellers/users. Under this light, this paper investigates the factors affecting travellers’ propensity to cycle in the city of Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece. A questionnaire survey has been developed to investigate citizens’ attitudes concerning cycling including questions on current trip patterns and characteristics of the respondents, opportunities and barriers for cycling, preferences regarding cycling infrastructure and attitudes considering the transport mode in general. A stated preference experiment is also included in the questionnaire. In the later, the propensity of the respondent to cycle is explored under specific scenarios for different trip purposes, trip lengths and supporting cycling infrastructure. Discrete choice analysis is performed, and a random-effect ordered probit model is developed describing the contributory factors for cycling amongst the population. Results indicate that the trip purpose, trip distance and cycling infrastructure are among the determinants that influence cycle use, as well as specific participant characteristics and attitudes.

What determines students’ perceptions in course evaluation rating in higher education? An econometric exploration

While student evaluation of courses (SEC) in higher education is an intensely researched area, the existing literature has not paid due attention to rigorous econometric analysis of the SEC data. Using the four-year (2010–2013) evaluation results for economics courses on offer at a leading Australian university, this study employed a random effects ordered probit model with Mundlak correction to identify factors influencing student ratings of courses. This represents an innovative application to educational data.Findings show that class-level, course-level, class-size, instructors’ course-specific experience and their linguistic background influence student ratings of courses. Lecturers’ prior teaching experience in a course and their English language background attracted higher rating while second and third-level courses relative to postgraduate classes, 2010 and 2012 student cohorts relative to 2013, and larger classes attracted lower ratings.Implications include specific training for instructors of non-English speaking background (NESB), teaching larger classes, and intermediate and upper undergraduate courses.This study underscores the critical importance of student-specific responses capturing student heterogeneity in preference to class-average data including students’ academic performance, discipline destination, linguistic background, age and indicators of effort-level. It raises survey instrument implications e.g., sub-scales, data on course contents providing intellectual challenges, real world applications, and problem-solving skills.

한국의 수질오염이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석

본 연구는 한국노동패널(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, KLIPS) 제1차~제15차년도 자료와 환경부에서 제공하는 수질자료를 이용하여, 개인의 전반적인 생활만족도(life satisfaction)가 수질오염으로 대표되는 환경오염에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는가를 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 서수적 순서를 가진 종속변수의 특성과 패널자료의 이질성을 감안하여 패널 확률효과 순서형 프로빗(panel random-effects ordered probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 수질오염도를 반영하는 지표로는 생물화학적 산소요구량(biochemical oxygen demand, BOD), 총인(total phosphorus, TP) 농도를 사용하였다. 또한 기존의 연구에서와 같이 개인의 경제적 특성, 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 분석 결과 BOD, TP 모두 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 다른 변수들은 선행연구에서 나타난 결과와 유사하다. 자신의 소득 증가, 연령, 기혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 여성, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 타인의 소득 증가, 실업자, 도시거주, 자영업자인 경우는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Using the Korea Labor Institute Panel Study(KLIPS), this study investigates the impacts of water pollution on life satisfaction in Korea. Panel random-effects ordered probit model is used to consider the ordered property of life satisfaction data and heterogeneity of panel data. The proxy variables to reflect the degree of water pollution are biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and total phosphorus(TP). In addition to the environmental variables above, other determinants used in various studies on life satisfaction such as economic, social, and demographic characteristics are included. Estimation results show that water pollution is negative and significant for life satisfaction. Other indicators such as income, age, house ownership, gender, education are positively related while urban residence and own business are shown to be negatively related.

The association between transit access and auto ownership: evidence from Guangzhou, China

ABSTRACTIn many developing countries, massive investment in transit infrastructure is concurrent with the proliferation of automobiles. Planners expect that investment can slow the growth of auto ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationships between transit access and auto ownership in developing countries, whereas research in developed countries offers mixed findings and the outcomes may not be applicable to developing countries. This study employs a random effect ordered probit model on data collected from Guangzhou residents in 2011–2012. We find that transit access is negatively associated with auto ownership, after controlling for demographics and other built environment variables. This result suggests that, although income is the dominant driver for auto ownership in growing developing countries, transit investment is a promising strategy to slow the growth of auto ownership. This study also highlights the importance of addressing spatial dependency in clustered data.

Determinants of driver response to variable message sign information in Athens

Variable message signs – which comprise a type of advanced traveller information systems – can affect driver behaviour, especially considering route choice. Hence, their operation is integrated in traffic management strategies for the mitigation of traffic congestion. This research explores the factors determining driver response to variable message signs (VMSs) in the city of Athens. A stated preference questionnaire survey is undertaken and discrete choice analysis is performed towards this aim. More specifically, a random-effect ordered probit model is estimated that provides insight on the contributory factors that influence driver propensity to divert, when provided with information on incident occurrence via VMSs. Message characteristics, that is, incident type, impact and suggestion for an alternative route, trip characteristics, such as vehicle type, as well as, driver characteristics, such as driver age and income, have been found to affect driver behaviour. Furthermore, appropriate models are also estimated for subsets of the driving population (considering gender and age) and specific similarities and differences between the population behaviours are identified.

Job satisfaction, age and tenure: A generalized dynamic random effects model

Abstract This paper examines the effects of age and tenure on job satisfaction. We estimate a generalized dynamic random effects ordered probit model using the British Household Panel Survey. Contrary to previous literature, we find that age has no significant impact on job satisfaction for females, and a limited impact for males who report higher levels of job satisfaction. We also find that tenure shares a non-monotonic relationship with job satisfaction for females. For males, the same result is found only at higher levels of job satisfaction. Our results suggest that age and tenure effects on job satisfaction vary with gender.

REGIONAL HOUSE PRICE DYNAMICS AND VOTING BEHAVIOR IN THE FOMC

This paper examines the impact of house price gaps in Federal Reserve districts on the voting behavior in the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) from 1978 to 2010. Applying a random effects ordered probit model, we find that a higher regional house price gap significantly increases (decreases) the probability that this district's representative in the FOMC casts interest rate votes in favor of tighter (easier) monetary policy. In addition, our results suggest that Bank presidents react more sensitively to regional house price developments than Board members do. (JEL E31, E58, R31)

Do Comparison Wages Play a Major Role in Determining Overall Job Satisfaction? Evidence from Australia

A vast research literature indicates that comparison wages play a key role in determining job satisfaction. To examine this in the case of Australia, comparison wages are first constructed using two different measures, namely (1) cell average wages by age, gender and education level; and (2) ranked position of an individual’s wages in each cell. Then, using the first six waves of the HILDA Survey dataset, a random effects ordered probit model is utilized to predict overall job satisfaction. The findings of the study show that both own wages and comparison wages have an impact on overall job satisfaction. Comparison wages computed using the ranked position of an individual’s wages within a cell have an equal effect as that of own wages. The study further confirms that the ranked position of an individual’s wages in each cell matters more than cell average wages.

Exercising choice: The economic determinants of physical activity behaviour of an employed population

Lack of physical activity is a major contributing factor to the worldwide obesity epidemic, and to the overall burden of disease. The deindustrialisation of developed economies and move to more sedentary employment has impacted on the opportunities of working individuals to participate in physical activity. This can have negative effects on productivity and worker health potentially influencing economic growth. Thus, it is important to determine the factors influencing the frequency of participation in physical activity for employed individuals. This paper uses a modified time allocation framework to explore this issue. We use data from the first six waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia survey (HILDA). The analysis examines frequency of participation in physical activity using a generalised random effects ordered probit model. We control for non-parallel cut-points between the physical activity categories and individual heterogeneity, as well as exploring differences across gender. The results indicate that there is a time trade-off between non-market work, market work, and the frequency of physical activity participation. This effect is moderated by gender. For example, dependent children have a larger negative effect on the frequency of physical activity participation for women. Education and marriage have a larger negative effect on the frequency of participation for men. The findings suggests that policies which make exercise more convenient, and hence decrease the opportunity cost of exercise, will help to encourage more frequent participation in physical activity for working adults.