Rainfed Rice Fields Research Articles

Pemberdayaan Petani Padi Sawah dalam Meningkatan Efisiensi Usaha Tani dengan Pembuatan dan Aplikasi Herbisida Organik di Desa Botolempangan Kabupaten Maros

Botolempangan Village in Bontoa Sub-district is one of the centers of paddy rice production in Maros Regency, with characteristics of rain-fed paddy fields that have many obstacles to weed infestation, especially if the dry season is abandoned from rice farming activities, before being planted during the rainy season where farmers are very dependent on the use of herbicides. Dependence on the use of synthetic (inorganic) herbicides occurs from the pre-growth period of seeds, seedlings to the maintenance process. High costs result in considerable inefficiencies in rice farming. Training in technology transfer efforts to make Organic Herbicide Formulations, and their applications are carried out to increase the Empowerment and Efficiency of rice farming on Rainfed Rice Fields. With the efficiency target is to increase the profit of paddy rice farming, minimizing inorganic herbicide inputs. The output of this activity ultimately produces products that can be applied to at least reduce or reduce the use of inorganic herbicides. At the end of the activity, farmer business groups are able to produce and apply Organic Herbicide Formulations on Demoplots on Farmer-Owned Land.

The Thursina Creative Islamic Boarding School Landscape Design with an Ecological Approach

Abstract The Thursina Sukamakmur Creative Islamic Boarding School is a boarding school under the State Electricity Company Baitul Mal Foundation (YBM-PLN) ’s management in Sukamakmur Village, Bogor Regency. Education at this Islamic boarding school has the theme of agriculture, where students learn about rice farming and goat and chicken farming. This Islamic boarding school has an area of 16,610 m2 with sloping to steep terrain (more than 25%) and consists of Islamic boarding school buildings, livestock areas, and rain-fed rice fields. The pesantren is surrounded by rain-fed rice fields and is located on a hillside, so it has problems in hydrology when it rains, and strong winds blow from the hill towards the valley. Therefore, a master plan was prepared using an ecological approach, in which the solutions offered minimize artificial landscape elements and optimize the function of vegetation as a wind barrier. The wind barrier is made of pine trees with three layers of thickness. With this ecological approach, it is hoped that the management of the building and environment of the Thursina Creative Islamic Boarding School can be sustainable.

Social capital of rice farmers in various typologies of rice lands in south Sumatra

The aim of the research is to quantify the level of social capital conditions of rice farmers in 3 typologies of tidal, swamp and rainfed rice fields in South Sumatra. This research is carried out in 3 locations in South Sumatra in rural areas based on rice farmers and representing three land typologies, namely Ogan Ilir District, Pemulutan District, Tanjung Pasir Village for the Swamp land typology, Banyuasin District, Muara Telang District, Upang Jaya Village for the Tidal Land Typology, and OKI Regency, Lempuing Jaya District, Lubuk Seberuk Village for rainfed land typology. The research used the Likert scale method to analyze the state of social capital of rice farmers in Banyuasin Regency. The results of measuring farmers' social capital on Three Land Typologies in South Sumatra using a Likert scale obtained a score of 53.11 for the lowland land typology in Tanjung Pasir Village, Pemulutan District, Ogan Ilir Regency, 55.02 for the rainfed land typology in Lubuk Seberuk Village, Lempuing Jaya District , Ogan Komering Ili Regency and 59.96 for the tidal land typology in Upang Jaya Village, Muara Telang District, Banyuasin Regency, which means that farmers' social capital is included in the High criteria for these three land typologies.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANFAATAN SAWAH WAKAF DI DESA KARANGJONGKENG KECAMATAN TONJONG KABUPATEN BREBES ( STUDI KASUS YAYASAN NURUDDIN KARANGJONGKENG )

Management strategies and utilization of waqf rice field management results are the big themes that will be presented in this research. The Nuruddin Karangjongkeng Foundation is one of the foundations that has the largest waqf rice field assets in Brebes Regency. Waqf Rice Fields are productive waqf assets which, if managed properly and correctly, can achieve one of the goals of waqf, namely the welfare of the people. However, achieving the level of welfare of the people is not easy, because the role of the Nazir is very large. Nazir competence is very much needed in delivering the waqf to achieve the ideals or goals of the waqf. In other words, the Nazir has full responsibility for managing and utilizing existing waqf assets.The aim of this research is to find out the management strategy and utilization of the results of managing waqf rice fields at the Nuruddin Karangjongkeng Foundation. To answer the problem formulation in this research, the type of research used is field research (qualitative research). The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews and documentation. This research uses data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions as data analysis techniquesAfter conducting research, it can be concluded that the management strategy carried out by the Nazirs of the Nuruddin Karangjongkeng Foundation is to make every Nazir at the Nuruddin Karangjongkeng Foundation the person responsible for managing the waqf rice fields, collaborating with the local community in cultivating the waqf rice fields with a profit sharing system of 1/3 for the waqf and 2 /3 for cultivators, making farmer cards to obtain more affordable fertilizer, and applying a profit sharing of ¼ part of the waqf ¾ part of the cultivator for rain-fed rice fields. The utilization strategy implemented by the Nuruddin Karangjongkeng Foundation is to utilize the results of management according to the intended use of the waqf assets and take 15% of the proceeds as maintenance funds for the waqf assets.

Adaptation test of rainfed rice fields highland in Jambi Indonesia

Abstract Increasing national rice productivity can be achieved by optimizing existing resources, including rainfed rice fields in highlands areas. Rainfed rice fields in Indonesia are quite diverse in agroecosystem conditions, ranging from lowlands to highlands. Indonesia has the potential for highlands that can be planted with rice to support national rice production. The high variety of biophysical, edaphic, and biotic conditions of the main agroecological areas of rice cultivation makes it difficult to obtain varieties that can grow well in all types of agroecosystems. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential yield and adaptability of rice hope strains to anaerobic germination conditions in rainfed land and highland rainfed rice strains. Ten rice strains and two reference varieties from The Indonesian Centre for Rice Research Sukamandi in West Java were tested in 2021, with four repetitions. The area of each plot of 4 x 5 m was carried out on rainfed rice fields in Kerinci regency with an altitude of 788.5 meters above sea level and a Sungai Penuh regency of 795 meters above sea level. Observations were made of vegetative, generative parameters of plants, as well as temperature and humidity. Results showed that the strains with the highest production and medium harvest age had good observational agronomic parameters, namely in strains B15617E-4-MR-3, BP29337-2-CRB-0-SKI-0-7-PWK-1-SKI-3-3, and BP19980-JK-2-IND-2-SKI-0-PWK-1-SKI-5-1.

ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN AIR SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI KELURAHAN KARYA MULIA KECAMATAN SEMATANG BORANG KOTA PALEMBANG

Rice fields that rely mostly on rainwater for irrigation are known as rainfed rice fields. Only the wet season yields rice fields like this one. Because of the heavy rains throughout the rainy season, agricultural land's water supply is not a concern. But during the dry season, when the water supply is getting smaller, the requirement for water for plants becomes a complex issue. This study aims to find out whether the rainfall currently available can satisfy the water needs of rainfed rice fields in Karya Mulia Village, Sematang Borang District, Palembang City, and to optimize the water supply. The following was discovered by the study's findings: water balance of discharge of water availability and water requirement for rainfed rice fields in Karya Mulia Village, which has a land area of 58 Ha, there is a water balance value of 23.711 mm per hari, which meets the water balance requirement for one growing season of rice plantsIn order to be optimal in the second growing season, it can be planted with crops that balance the availability and water demand at 10.844 mm/day.

Assessing irrigation water demand and pumping operations for rice farming in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia

Owing to population growth, the rice demand in Indonesia has been increasing, which has led to an increase in rice consumption. One way to boost rice production is to enhance pump irrigation in rainfed fields. The aim of this study is to evaluate irrigation water usage and water pumping practices in the Bengawan Solo River, focusing on enhancing rice production. Data were sourced from governmental entities, which include the Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Water requirement was calculated using the FAO Penman–Monteith equation. The study highlights that throughout the three distinct growing seasons (GS), the water requirements for irrigating rainfed rice fields vary, with the most substantial demand observed during the first growing season (GS I), followed by the third growing season (GS III), and the second growing season (GS II). In dry years, a consistent pattern of low water balances occurs, which persists below 500 mm across all months. Compared with the other two scenarios, the dry year shows higher variability in rainfall, as evidenced by its higher coefficient of variation of 0.620 compared with 0.347 and 0.416 for the wet and normal years, respectively. The electricity cost rate peaks in GS I, trailed by GS II and GS III, with rates of IDR 2,400, 1,180, and 1,028 per kilowatt-hour, respectively. The findings play a pivotal role in shaping regional planning decisions regarding the utilization and necessity of river water resources and the development of cropping calendars.

Technological Innovation to Increase The Cropping Index of Rice on Rainfed Fields At Labuhanbatu Regency

The study of technological innovations to increase the cropping index in Rainfed Rice Fields aims to increase farmers’ knowledge and skills regarding rice farming so that their rice fields can be planted with rice more than once a year. This activity was conducted in Selat Beting Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhan Batu Regency in 2021. The assessment was carried out in one area, consisting of the Field Laboratory (LL) location and the Field School (SL) location. The Field Laboratory is a study area covering an area of 5 ha. The treatmen use in this study was variety, seeding methods, planting methods, fertilizer dosage and pest control.The results of this study shown that the production of demo-farm area was 6.65 t/ha, while non-demo-farm only produced 4.76 t/ha. Farmers in Selat Beting village can plant rainfed rice at least twice a year. Selat Beting Village farmers have been introduced to rice farming business insurance (AUTP). Farmers who try to insure their crops do not mind because they pay very low premiums and are affordable for farmers. Based on rainfall patterns in Labuhanbatu Regency, farmers can plant rice at least twice a year, where in certain months there is rainfall, but it is not sufficient to irrigate the fields, therefore they must be assisted with shallow well pumps.

Efficiency, risk, and profitability of rainfed rice farming in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Rice farming is a business that has many risks, and production risks cause fluctuations in production. Productivity influences farming income and profitability. An increase and decrease in production will affect revenue or profitability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the technical efficiency, production risk, and profitability of rainfed lowland rice farming. This research was conducted in two regencies in South Sulawesi Province, namely Maros Regency and Pangkajene Islands Regency. The sample of this study was 100 farmers in rainfed rice fields. This research used quantitative methods with a survey approach. Data were collected using observation, recording, and interview instruments, and were then analyzed using quantitative description coupled with a t-test for independent samples. The results showed that rainfed lowland rice farming in Maros Regency and Pangkajene and Archipelago Regency was technically efficient. Rainfed lowland rice farming in Maros Regency and Pangkajene Regency and Islands is at risk. Rainfed lowland rice farming in Maros Regency and Pangkajene Regency and the islands using profitability analysis generates income and profit, and is feasible to cultivate. Farmers need to use production inputs as recommended to increase production reduce production risk and efficiently use inputs.JEL Classification D10; Q00; Q12

Rat Population Increase And Damage To Rice Plantations With Different Irrigation Systems In Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province

One of the rice producing regions in Indonesia is South Sulawesi. Wajo Regency is the second highest rice producing area in South Sulawesi, after Bone Regency. Based on the irrigation system, rice cultivation in Wajo Regency consists of technical irrigation, rainfed rice fields, and rice cultivation or dry land. Agriculture with various irrigation systems has an impact on pest population levels and the intensity of attacks. The decline in rice productivity is caused by many factors, one of which is the attack of rice rat pests that occur in several areas in Wajo Regency. There are several techniques and strategies for field rat management, ranging from sanitation, technical culture or plant cultivation, mechanical, biological, and chemical physical. All techniques and strategies of rice rat management must be applied integrated, continuously, and together in one stretch. This study aims to measure the potential presence of rice rats in several irrigation systems in Wajo Regency (irrigation, rainfed rice fields, and dryland rice), analyze the management of rice rats carried out by farmers, and the factors that affect it. The method used is observing rice planting patterns based on irrigation systems, estimating the population level of rice rats with single live traps and the level of attack on several rice planting irrigation systems. Likewise, rice rat population management in several rice planting irrigation systems, data analysis, and economic analysis. The result of this study is that the highest estimate of rats is in dryland rice plantations. The intensity of rat attacks was highest in dry land Pr>F 0.045 the area of attack was highest in rainfed land Pr>F was 0.0171, for intensity and area of attack in generative phase 1. The success of cultivation in dry land was 16.3% in generative phase 1 which was 16.48%. The presence of rats correlates both the intensity of the attack and the area of each addition of rats will increase the intensity of the attack by 0.155% and the area of attack by 0.308%.

Mapping Of Nutrient Status Of C-Organic And N-Total Soil In The Paddy Fields Of The Duchy District Majalengka Regency

This study aims to determine the mapping of soil C-organic nutrient status in rice fields in the Majalengka District. The experiment was conducted in the District of the Duchy of Majalengka Regency with an altitude of 855 m above sea level. Kadipaten District has an area of 2,157 ha, with land contours varying from flat to proven. This study starts from January to March 2023. The research method used in this study is mixed because it can answer the problem formulation descriptively, qualitatively, and statistically quantitatively. The method used to take soil samples is the free grid method with a detailed survey rate on a map scale of 1:50,000. The method used for interviews with farmers is the simple random sampling method. The results showed that the area of rice fields in the District of the Duchy, which occupies seven delineated villages, is an area of 1,361.76 ha. Where the area of rice fields in the District of the Duchy is irrigated rice fields covering an area of 917.39 ha and rainfed rice fields covering an area of 444.36 ha, with three criteria for the content of C-organic status, namely medium 598.48 ha (43.95%) occupies part of Pagandon Village, Karang Sambung, Babakan Anyar, and Kadipaten. The area with a low C-organic area is 512.38 ha (37.63%), occupying parts of Pagandon, Karang Sambung, Babakab Anyar, Liangjualang, Heuleut, and Cipaku villages. Then, for the very low C-organic criterion, 250.90 ha (18.42%) occupies part of the village area. Liangjulang, Heuleut and Cipaku.

Participatory design to investigate the effects of farmers’ fertilization practices under unsubmerged conditions toward efficient nutrient uptake in rainfed rice

Rainfed agriculture plays a vital role in providing food and livelihoods globally. However, its production is adversely affected due to uncertainty in rainfall patterns causing unsubmerged conditions during the dry period, which is increasing under the impact of climate change. Given that rice is a primarily grown crop in rainfed conditions and is the staple food of half the global population, it is under pressure to increase production due to the burgeoning population globally. Therefore, proper farming management such as balanced fertilization practices, irrigation etc. are required. Thus, we studied the effect of human-induced nutrient application quantity for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), on production efficiency and assessed the nutrient budget in rainfed rice fields of Jamuna command area, Assam, India. A questionnaire was developed to know the farm management practices adopted by farmers and accordingly, applied N and P doses were ranked. Low, medium, high and very high doses for N are 40–60, 61–80, 81–100, 101 kg ha−1 and above, respectively, while for P are 0–4, 5–9, 10–19, 20 kg ha−1 and above respectively. Rice plants were sampled from farmers’ field of selected thirteen villages, at the maturity stage, soils were sampled after rice harvest to analyze Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and available Phosphorus (Pav). Nitrogen (N) balance was positive ranging from 33 kg ha−1 to 72 kg ha−1. Phosphorus (P) balance was ranging negative from 28 kg ha−1 to 129 kg ha−1. N uptake increased in order of low<medium<very high<high doses while P increased in order of high<very high<low<medium. The findings showed that plants uptook P efficiently under unsubmerged conditions. N uptake was consistent after a fertilizer dose of 100 kg ha−1. From the quantitative measurements of nutrient uptake and Cobb-Douglas model analysis validated farmer information on fertilizer and crop yield. Results also revealed that averaging across all the villages an amount of 71 kg ha−1 is needed for P replenishment to maintain the yield along with water for increased soil moisture in lateritic soil. Finally, it is concluded that involving farmers will prevent soil deterioration in rainfed rice areas and a policy shift to develop optimal N and P management strategies for sustainable agriculture under unsubmerged soil conditions.

Potential of Methanotroph bacteria as non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in rice paddy fields in Morowali regency

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of all the gases in the atmosphere. Although it is very abundant in the atmosphere, nitrogen cannot be used directly by plants. The aims of this study were to isolate, characterize and identify the morphology and physiology of methanotrophic bacteria, calculate the total population of methanotrophic bacteria and analyze the chemical properties of paddy rice soil in Morowali Regency. Results Based on the gram reaction test, 11 isolates were gram negative, 11 isolates were catalase positive, 11 isolates were capable of nitrogen fixation, five isolates were yellowish white, five isolates were white, one isolate was yellow, six isolates had a convex elevation, and five isolates had a flat elevation. Based on the identification results, the Witaponda sub-district produced five isolates, three isolates from Bumiraya, two isolates from Bungku Barat and one isolate from Bungku Tengah District. Based on the results of the calculation of the number of bacteria found in Witaponda subdistrict as much as 54.05x106 Cfu/mL Bumiraya as much as 40.21x106 Cfu/mL, Bungku Barat as much as 12.06x106 Cfu/mL, Bungku Tengah as much as 11.65x106 Cfu/mL. The results of the analysis of soil chemical properties showed that pH, CEC, organic C, P205, K were classified as low in both irrigated and rainfed rice fields.

The effect of biofertilizer on increasing upland rice yield in rainfed rice field in boyolali

The low availability of nutrients is an obstacle to increasing rice productivity in rainfed rice fields. The application of a combination of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers was known to increase the efficiency of using inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of rice plants in a rainfed rice field. The study was conducted on rainfed rice fields in Banyusri Village, Wonosegoro District, Boyolali Regency from September to December 2013. A total of 6 biofertilizer products were used in this study, namely PR, RC, ST, AGR, BV and GLK. The rice variety used was Situ Patenggang. The study used a randomized block design with 9 treatments and each treatment was repeated 4 times. The nine treatments were: fertilization according to the recommendations of dry soil test device (P1); ½ dose of P1 (P2); P2 + manure (P3); P2 + PR (P4); P2 + RC (P5); P2 + ST (P6); P2+AGR (P7); P2+BV (P8); P2+GLK (P9). Planting using a 2:1 jajar legowo system with a spacing of 20 x 10 x 40 cm was carried out by direct planting of 4-5 seeds per hole. Biofertilizer application is carried out according to the instructions of each product. Parameters observed included: soil chemical status (N, P, K, C-organic, pH, CEC) before the study; plant growth (plant height, number of tillers and number of productive tillers); yield (weight of harvested dry grain and dry milled); and a simple farming analysis was carried out. The results showed that all combinations of biofertilizers with ½ recommended dose were effective in increasing rice yields but they could not match the yield of rice fertilized according to the recommended dose. The combination of fertilization using GLK biofertilizer showed the highest yield compared to other biofertilizers with an advantage of 48.05% compared to ½ recommended dose of fertilization.

Potassium and phosphorus availability due to fertilization of potassium and organic matter for rice in rainfed rice fields

Serdang Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, was chosen as the research location held in May-August 2016. This study aims to determine the relationship between potassium and phosphorus availability, nutrient absorption, and grain yield in rainfed rice fields due to planting time, fertilization, and rice varieties. A split-split plot design with two replications was used in the study. The main plot (a planting time): T1: the 10th day of May; T2: the 20th day of May; and T3: the 30th day of May. Subplot (fertilization): K0: control; K1: 50 kg ha−1 KCl; K2: 5 tons ha−1 straw compost; K3: 2.5 tons ha−1 manure + 2.5 tons ha−1 straw compost; K4: 5 tons ha−1 straw compost + 50 kg ha−1 KCl; and K5: 2.5 tons ha−1 manure + 2.5 tons ha−1 straw compost + 50 kg ha−1 KCl. Sub-subplot (rice varieties): V1: Situ Bagendit; V2: Towuti; V3: Batutegi; V4: Inpago-8; V5: Inpago 9; V6: Inpago 10; V7: Ciherang; and V8: Inpari 10. The data were analyzed using regression and correlation tests. Available potassium and phosphorus, and potassium and phosphorus uptake, were positively correlated with grain yields in all rice varieties grown in rainfed rice fields.

Assistance Of Farmers In Utilizing The Consortium Of Endophite Bacteria And Organic Fertilizer As Well Organic Pesticides Based On Local Wisdom To Increase Rice Productivity

The "Sidodadi" farmer group in Demangan village, Sambi sub-district, Boyolali district consists of 15 members, which is a rainfed farmer group. Paddy productivity in rainfed lowland is quite low (2-3 tons/ha) compared to irrigated land (5 tons/ha). The use of a consortium of endophytic bacteria, organic fertilizers and organic pesticides based on local wisdom and the selection of varieties according to their designation can increase rice productivity. Rice farming in this farmer group does not yet have proper management, so assistance is needed. The purpose of this service is to assist in the management of rainfed land so that their income increases.The problems of this farmer group are 1) Aspects of Production and 2) Aspects of management. Production aspects include (a) Technology Utilization Aspect: not having technology to increase rice productivity (b). Aspects of Soil Fertility: rarely use organic fertilizers (c) Aspects of Use of Varieties: rice varieties that are not suitable for allotment of rainfed rice fields. The solution to the problems that arise is to assist farmer group members to use endophytic bacteria consortia, use organic fertilizers and organic pesticides based on local wisdom, use rice varieties that are suitable for sub-optimal rainfed land and farm management training. This activity will be carried out in two places, 1) in the yard of the farmer group members and 2) in the paddy fields in Demangan village, Sambi sub-district, Boyolali Regency from July 2023 to December 2023. The method used is 1) Farm management counseling and assistance, 2) Practice: making a consortium of endophytic bacteria, organic fertilizers and organic pesticides based on local wisdom 3) Cultivating organic rice in rainfed paddy fields, 4). Monitoring and evaluation. The result of this community-based service activity is an increase in the skills of farmers in making endophytic bacteria, making local microorganism (MOL), making solid organic fertilizers, making liquid organic fertilizers and organic pesticides and selecting rice varieties that are suitable for rainfed lowland rice fields and its application in rainfed lowland rice cultivation.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH SERTA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN

Rainfed rice fields are rice fields whose irrigation systems rely heavily on rainfall, this type of rice fields only produces in the rainy season. This rainfed rice field is categorized as marginal land lacking in nutrients. So this study aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer from palm oil waste on the chemical properties of rainfed lowland rice, on the growth and production of rainfed lowland rice plants, as well as which fertilizer provides the best growth and production of rainfed lowland rice. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of one treatment, with 22% and 11% of different tangkos ashes, namely; 1) The dose of MF 22 consists of 5 levels, namely: P0 = Without treatment, P1 = 22% tangkos ash plus 6.25 g/plot organic fertilizer, P4 = 22% tangkos ash plus 124 g/plot organic fertilizer, P7 Tangkos ash = 22% added with organic fertilizer 166 g/plot, P10 = 22% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 207 g/plot, 2) Dosage of MF 11 consists of 5 levels, namely: P0 = Without Treatment, P1 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 6.25 g/plot, P4 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 124 g/plot, P7 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 166 g/plot, P10 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 207 g/plot. The results showed that organic fertilizer from palm oil waste was able to increase the nutrient content of organic N, P, K, C, CEC and pH in paddy soil. The application of organic fertilizer from oil palm waste had an effect on plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of panicles and the weight of 1000 grains, but had no effect on the number of panicle branches, straw wet weight, straw dry weight, and the dose of organic fertilizer from palm oil waste. the best is 22% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 207 g/plot is better than other treatments.

Rice yield prediction using Bayesian analysis on rainfed lands in the Sumbing-Sindoro Toposequence, Indonesia

Since rainfed rice fields typically lack nutrients, frequently experience drought, and require more fund to support farming operations, the production results become erratic and unpredictable. This research aims to construct location-specific rice yield predictions in the rainfed rice fields among the Sumbing-Sindoro Toposequence, Central Java, using a Bayesian method. This study is a survey with an exploratory descriptive methodology based on data from both field and laboratory research. Prediction model analysis using the Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) method on 12geographical units, sampling spots were selected with intention. The following variables were measured: soil (pH level, Organic-C, Total-N, Available-P, Available-K, soil types, elevation, slope) and climate (rainfall, evapotranspiration). According to the statistical analysis used, the BNN model’s performance has the highest accuracy, with an RMSE value of 0.448 t/ha, which compares to the MLR and SR models, indicating the lowest error deviation. To obtain the ideal parameter sampling design, parameter distribution is directly and simultaneously optimised using an optimisation technique based on Pareto optimality. The top 7 data sets (slope, available-P, evapotranspiration, soil type, rainfall, organic-C, and pH) yielded the highest accuracy based on the test results for the three-parameter groups. The coefficient of determination has the highest value, 0.855, while the RMSE test for the model using the top 7 data set has the lowest error value at 0.354 t/ha and 18.71%, respectively. By developing location-specific rice yield predictions using a Bayesian method, farmers and agricultural practitioners can benefit from more accurate and reliable estimates of crop productivity

THE DISTRIBUTION AND SOIL CARBON STOCK ON LAND UTILITY TYPES OF BUSH, MOOR, MIXED GARDEN AND RAINFED RICE FIELDS ON DRY LAND IN ACEH BESAR REGENCY

This study aims to determine the potential of soil carbon on dry land in Aceh Besar regency. This study uses a descriptive method based on field results and surveys and laboratory analysis. Soil sampling at various depths was carried out for carbon and bulk density analysis. Composite soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-5, &gt;5-10, &gt;10-20, &gt;20-30, &gt;30-70, and &gt;70-100 cm. The type of land use is bush covering an area of ??96,962.2 ha, moor 313.03 ha, rainfed rice fields 4,478.67 ha and mixed gardens 15,052.09 ha. The highest percentage of soil carbon is in the mixed garden land utility type (3.40%) compared to other types of utility. the highest carbon potential is found in the bush land utility type (137.68 tons/ha) compared to other types of utility. The highest soil carbon stock is in the type of land use of bush compared to other types of land utility. This is because the bush land utility type has soil carbon potential and a large area compared to other land utility types.

The evaluation of land use cover changes through the composite approach of Landsat 8 and the land use capability index for the Bedadung watershed

Land use changes become a problem that contributes to the decline in the watershed function and performance. Bedadung watershed divides Jember Regency, which has upstream from Mount Raung and a downstream Indonesian Ocean. During the last ten years in Jember, there has been a flood from the overflow of the Bedadung river, which is unable to accommodate water from upstream. It is alleged that the cause of flooding in upstream of the Bedadung watershed is land cover and land capability that has changed. The purpose of this study was to assess land use changes using a composite approach to Landsat 8 imagery and land capability index for the upstream of the Bedadung watershed. The results showed that land cover of the Kesambi sub-watershed during 1995-2020, forest decreased by 34.74%, settlements and open land decreased by 47.25%, dry land increased by 120%, while plantations and rainfed rice fields were fixed. The decrease in forest area can disrupt the water cycle, thereby increasing runoff volume and water discharge, causing flooding downstream of the Bedadung watershed and upstream of the Bedadung watershed. Land capability evaluation of the upstream of Kesambi sub-watershed, area of Bedadung watershed was mostly in class III, covering 5782.9 hectares (85.53%), class IV covering 214.8 hectares (3.18%), class VI covering 379.7 hectares (5.62%), and class VII covering 383.9 hectares (5.68%) with limiting factors of effective soil depth, land slope/slope, erosion sensitivity, and drainage. Areas with class III land capability covering land mapping units 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 can be utilized as agricultural with good conservation technology, while land mapping units 4.5, and 8 are only capable for forest areas.