Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine Research Articles

Impact of nano cerium oxide addition with pyrolysis waste plastic oil on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine

Abstract This investigation examined the effect of incorporating cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle into diesel and waste plastic oil (WPO) blends on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. The WPO was extracted from low density polyethylene using plastic pyrolysis. The blending of diesel and WPO with combination of D70:WPO30 and D50:WPO50 was prepared to evaluate the engine operation. Additionally, the spherical sized CeO2 with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L was added with this blend. The various blends named as Diesel, D-WPO30, D-WPO30+Ce50, D-WPO30+Ce100, D-WPO50, D-WPO50+Ce50 and D-WPO50+Ce100 were used in this investigation to operate the engine under various load conditions. The experiment was performed using water cooled common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with prepared D-WPO blend. Different characteristics such as In-cylinder pressure (CP), heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay time (IDT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke opacity emission are studied with respect to the effect of different blends and applied load used. It was observed that increasing of CeO2 nanoparticles in blend improved the overall performance and emission of the engine. Form the results, D-WPO30+Ce100 blend showed enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust has temperature (EGT) are 28.2%, 3% and 465oC respectively. Similarly, reduced emission of CO, NOx, HC and smoke opacity was observed in the CeO2 added blends particularly at 100 mg/L. It was concluded that among all blends prepared, the D70:WPO30 with 100 mg/L of CeO2 showed improved combustion, performance and emission characteristics in proposed diesel engine.

Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen enriched Bio-CNG in a common rail direct injection dual fuel diesel engine

The current energy and environmental problems demand the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable fuels. Research shows that hydrogen-enriched CNG fuels enhance the thermal efficiency of diesel engines while reducing gaseous emissions. This experimental work investigates the performance and emissions parameters of a diesel engine in dual fuel mode with hydrogen-enriched Bio-CNG (HBCNG). It is performed on a single-cylinder, four-stroke common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine at 1500 rpm and 3.5 kW. The outcomes of this experiment are compared to a neat diesel operation. It is observed that at low load with 30% gaseous fuel substitution (GFS), brake thermal efficiency decreases by 13.70% and 15.53% for hydrogen and BCNG-enriched diesel, respectively. Similarly, at medium load, with the gaseous mixture of 40% H2 and 60% BCNG co-combusted with 60% diesel, the BTE improves by 15.83%. At high load, 40% gaseous fuel mixture (40% H2 + 60% BCNG) combustion with diesel results in 21.25% enhanced BTE. Moreover, at the same load condition and GFS, emissions of HC increase by 41.59%, CO decreases by 30%, CO2 decreases by 55.36%, and NOx decreases by 25.94%.

Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene Nanoparticles Blended with Biodiesel Derived from Bauhinia Purpurea Linn Seed Fueled in a CRDI Diesel Engine

This study sought to investigate techniques for lowering diesel engine emissions by using waste seed as an alternative energy source in place of conventional fossil fuels. This study thoroughly investigated the process of transesterifying waste seed oil obtained from Bauhinia purpurea linn for use as fuel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) nanoparticles serve as a combustion enhancer. The engine outcome metrics were analyzed using diesel, Bauhinia purpurea linn biodiesel (BPLB) and BPLB-BHT blends ([Formula: see text]m BHT 10 ppm and [Formula: see text]m BHT 10 ppm) without changing the operating circumstances. At full brake power, the [Formula: see text]m BHT 10 ppm mix outperformed the BPLB and [Formula: see text]m BHT 10 ppm blends, but fell short of diesel. The [Formula: see text]m BHT 10 ppm blend reduced smoke opacity by 39.14%, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 42.71%, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 59.03% and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 12.29% compared to neat diesel fuel at maximum brake power.

Optimization of NOX emissions of a CRDI DIESEL engine using CMA-ES method

Engine calibration is the tuning of embedded parameters in the engine control unit (ECU) software to improve vehicle characteristics and meet legal requirements. Due to the stricter emission limits and rising customer expectations, current ECU software may include variables up to 30,000, which require very much time for engine calibration development. For this reason, automotive manufacturers continuously develop mathematical-based optimization methods to find optimum operating conditions for the engines. This study aimed to develop an online optimization algorithm to conduct automated dynamometer tests in the calibration development process. A modified covariance matrix adaptation (CMA) algorithm, which is an evolutionary strategy (ES) method belonging to meta-heuristic optimization, was integrated with an automation system for online calibration optimization. Some CMA method parameters such as step size and damping factor were initially revised to achieve the method to function efficiently in online engine calibration. Optimization was conducted at three different operating points of a 2-liter common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine, where NOx emission mainly impacts the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) results. The main injection timing, rail pressure, pilot injection quantity and timing, manifold pressure, and mass air flow were controlled in the optimization process. Optimization targets were determined according to the NOx-PM Pareto curve for each operating point. Covariance matrix adaptation was used to generate Pareto curves. Sixty-five measurements were taken for each operating point in the optimization process. Once optimization targets were determined, optimization occurred at each operating point. A total NOx emission reduction of 3.8% was obtained in the NEDC test, while fuel consumption and PM remained almost the same at steady-state operating points. The modified CMA-ES algorithm is expected to be an efficient method for online calibration optimization.

Effects of Blended Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel on Emissions of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine with Different Exhaust Gas Recirculation Rates.

The aim of the study was to investigate the exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine using mixed diesel (B10) and biodiesel (B20-B100) fuels. The study's primary objective was to determine the effects of blended diesel-biodiesel fuel on CRDI emissions based on different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, smoke opacity, exhaust gas temperature, and fuel consumption. The CRDI experiments involved adjusting the different engine speeds (1400-3000 rpm) and EGR rates (0 and 12.5%), which were analyzed to determine their impact on these parameters for both blended diesel and biodiesel fuels. The results showed that under the conditions of no EGR (0%), the CO and HC emissions and the smoke opacity were lower than those with a 12.5% EGR rate for all fuel types and all cases. With 12.5% EGR rate, the O2 emissions and the EGT of the CRDI diesel engine decreased, which resulted in significantly lower NOx emissions because of EGR into the combustion chamber. For the maximum engine speed of 3000 rpm and with no EGR, the CO and HC emissions and the smoke opacity were lower than those with a 12.5% EGR rate for all fuel types. With a 12.5% EGR rate at 3000 rpm, the O2 emissions and the exhaust gas temperature were reduced by 0.07% and 2.27%, respectively, and the NOx emissions were reduced by 2.54%. However, with EGR, the CO and HC emissions and the smoke opacity increased by 7.70%, 18.61%, and 0.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the fuel consumption of pure biodiesel (B100) at 3000 rpm with a 12.5% EGR rate was reduced by 2.81% compared to that with a 0% EGR rate. Because the temperature in the combustion chamber is high enough for the engine to run, the EGR reuses a portion of the exhaust gases and can help to minimize the quantity of fuel in the combustion chamber. As a suggestion based on these observations, biodiesel fuel should not exceed B80 because the viscosity and density of fuel that are too high may affect the fuel injection system, both the injectors, and the pressure pump, causing the injectors to be unable to work correctly. These findings can contribute to the development of strategies and technologies for reducing emissions and improving fuel efficiency in CRDI diesel engines.

Energy, exergy, emissions and sustainability assessment of hydrogen supplemented diesel dual fuel turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine

The present investigation involves the study of Mahindra & Mahindra Supro BS VI Twin Cylinder Turbocharged CRDI Diesel Engine modified to operate under dual fuel mode utilizing hydrogen as a secondary fuel and neat diesel as a pilot fuel. The tests were carried out at constant speed of 2200 rpm (±20 rpm) under three different loading conditions i.e. BMEP values of 1.38 bar, 3.47 bar and 5.6 bar using H2 enrichment of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively along with neat diesel. The performance characteristics of the engine are evaluated using energy-exergy and emissions-based approach along with sustainability studies. The results show that turbocharging significantly improves volumetric and indicated thermal efficiency of engine. At BMEP of 5.6 bar, D + H2 (40%) exhibited highest energy efficiency of 28.94% and exergy efficiency of 28.41% compared to baseline diesel fuel. The irreversibilities due to combustion, mixing, friction and unaccounted reasons was found to be the minimum for D + H2 (40%) at higher BMEP values. Emission analysis revealed that trade-off takes place between nitrogen oxides and smoke opacity (%) with hydrogen substitution to baseline diesel fuel. The sustainability analysis revealed that, D + H2 (40%) has the highest exergy performance coefficient and sustainability index compared to all other cases. From the results, it can be concluded that D + H2 (40%) is the most suitable fuel combination for the Twin Cylinder Turbocharged CRDI Diesel Engine.

Screening nano additives for favorable NOx/smoke emissions trade-off in a CRDI diesel engine fueled by industry leather waste fat biodiesel blend

The depletion of petroleum reserves and increasing environmental concerns prompted significant research into alternative fuels. This work, biodiesel, is extracted from the byproduct of industrial leather waste fat to generate beneficial energy.The main objective of this study is to enhance common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine outcome characteristics by substituting industrial leather waste fat biodiesel (ILWFB) with the mixing of aluminium nitrate (Al (NO3)3) nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanoplates (GONPS) in the proportion of 50 ppm (parts per million) as catalysts to enhance ignition process. This research found that with the mixing of Al (NO3)3 nanoparticles and GONPS 50 ppm into the ILWFB blend, the in-cylinder pressure increased by 0.463% and 1.5%, and the heat release rate (HRR) improved by 4.19% and 12.04% than diesel and ILWFB blend at maximum load circumstances. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 3.1% and 5.27%, and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased by 3.57% and 7.14% in D50ILWFB50+Al (NO3)3 50 ppm blend and D50ILWFB50+GONPS 50 ppm blend related to diesel fuel. The carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions were reduced by 26.84%, 13.11%, and 5.75% in D50ILWFB50+Al (NO3)3 50 ppm blend and 38.94%, 21.31%, and 9.12% decreased in D50ILWFB50+GONPS 50 ppm blend than diesel fuel. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions marginally increased by 3.66%, 5.42%, and 8.94% in ILWFB blend, D50ILWFB50+Al (NO3)3, and D50ILWFB50+GONPSrelated to pure diesel at peak load conditions. This work concluded that the nano additives effectively enhanced BTE and decreased BSFC, CO, HC, and smoke emissions in diesel engine applications.

Experimental investigations of CI engine performance using ternary blends of n-butanol/biodiesel/diesel and n-octanol/biodiesel/diesel

This study explored the ternary blends of biodiesel-diesel-n-butanol and biodiesel-diesel-n-octanol on common rail direct injec-tion (CRDI) diesel engines. The compositions of fuels, which varied from 0% to 100%, were altered by up to 5%. On the basis of their properties, these blends were chosen, with various concentrations of alcohol at 5% and 10%, 5% diesel, and the remainder being biodiesel. Two ternary fuel blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (90–85%), diesel (5%), and butanol (5–10%), namely BD90D5B5 and BD85D5B10, and subsequently, another two ternary similar blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (90–85%), diesel (5%), and octanol (5–10%), namely BD90D5O5 and BD85D5O10, were used to conduct the experiments. The experiments were done with varying injection pressure from 17° to 29° crank angle (CA) before top dead centre (bTDC). The optimum con-dition for the blends is achieved at 26°CA bTDC for 80% loading. So, the engine trials were conducted on 26°CA bTDC to attain the results. The BD90D5O10 blend achieved the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reading of 0.308 kg/kWh while operating at full load. The maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was 31.46% for BD90D5B5. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) achieved with BD85D5O5 fuel blend was 58.54 J/°CA. The quantity of carbon monoxide that BD85D5B10 created was the lowest (25.86 g/kWh). BD85D5B10 had a minimal unburned hydrocarbon emission of 0.157 g/kWh while operating at full load. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were emitted in the maximum quantity by BD85D5O10, which was equal to 6.01 g/kWh. This study establishes the viability of blends of biodiesel and alcohol as an alternative for petro-diesel in the future to meet the growing global energy demand.

Optimization and impact of modified operating parameters of a diesel engine emissions characteristic utilizing waste fat biodiesel/di-tert-butyl peroxide blend

This study comprehensively investigated the transesterification process of converting waste pork fat oil into biodiesel as a fuel for the common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. In addition, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as an ignition enhancer to minimize exhaust gas emissions. The test fuels are diesel and diesel-waste pork fat biodiesel (WPFB)-DTBP blend (B20DTBP10 by volume), were used to analyze the engine outcome parameters with modified engines operating conditions like various compression ratios (CRs 16, 17.5, and 19) and injection pressures (IPs 400, 500 and 600 bar) at maximum load. The experiment results revealed that higher CRs and IPs, the heat release rate (HRR) and cylinder pressure increased. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is enhanced by increasing CRs and IPs but lowered than neat diesel. Smoke opacity decreased while increasing CRs and IPs. At CR 19 and IP 600 bar, smoke opacity decreased by 18.29%, related to baseline diesel. Increasing CRs and IPs lowered HC and CO emissions, but increasing IPs increased both emissions. HC and CO emissions were lowered in CR 19 and IP 500 bar by 21.73% and 28.49% more than neat diesel. The lower CRs and IPs, the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions decreased, but further increasing CRs and IPs, the NOx emissions increased. Compared to baseline diesel, NOx emissions decreased in CR 16 and IP 400 bar by 15.49%. It was discovered that with increasing CRs and IPs, the emissions decreased with a minor rise in NOx emissions. Furthermore, the experimental results matched the predictions of an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The research concluded that the blend B20DTBP10 with modified engine operating conditions CRs and IPs suits diesel engine operation.

Integrated optimization of common rail direct injection diesel engine input parameters with linseed biodiesel: A hybrid approach using grey relational analysis and genetic algorithm techniques

In the pursuit of improved productivity and efficiency, the search for alternative fuels that reduce dependence on fossil fuels is of utmost importance. This research study aims to investigate the influence of process parameters, namely blend percentage, fuel injection pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, and engine load, on various engine performance parameters such as torque, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), hydrocarbon emissions (HC), and mechanical efficiency. The experiments are conducted following the Taguchi orthogonal array (L25) design of experiments. Additionally, grey relational analysis, a multi-objective optimization technique, is applied to identify the optimal levels of the process variables that optimize all the response parameters. The optimal values obtained through grey relational analysis are determined as 0% blend, 600 bar fuel injection pressure, 12% EGR rate, and 12 kg engine load. Moreover, the Genetic Algorithm-based Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is employed for multi-objective optimization of the engine input variables, yielding optimal levels of 19.45% blend, 594.35 bar fuel injection pressure, 14.12% EGR rate, and 12 kg engine load. Furthermore, multivariable regression models are developed to predict the response variables within the experimental domain. These models are validated through a confirmation test. The findings of this study provide insights into the optimization of process variables for enhanced engine performance, with the developed models serving as valuable tools for future predictions and optimization.

Studies on CRDI diesel engine performance and emissions using waste plastic oil and fly ash catalyst

Fossil fuels are quickly draining on a daily basis, causing fuel product prices to increase throughout the world. There is a crucial need to develop new alternate fuels from various sources that meet our daily requirements, like industries, mining, building construction, transportation, electric power generation from rural areas, etc. In the present study, mono-use low density polyethylene (LDPE) was successfully transformed into a liquid form of hydrocarbon fuel with fly ash-supported catalytic pyrolysis. The ratio of 0.1 with reference to catalyst-to-feedstock was fixed for the preparation of waste plastic oil (WPO) using batch-type pyrolysis reactors. About 180 °C was the temperature at which the extracted crude oil was segregated. The diesel fuel’s properties and those of the WPO fuel were compared and evaluated. Experiments were carried out using diesel-WPO mixed fuel (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) in a multi-cylinder, water-cooled Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Additionally, the impact of the compression and mixing ratios on performance, emission characteristics, and combustion was studied. We observed significant improvement in the results of BTE and BSFC for the tested fuel blend, D80WPO20, compared to other blends. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the emissions of CO, HC, and NOx rise with an increasing fuel mixing ratio. Based on the analysis carried out on performance and emissions, it was determined that D80WPO20 was the best combination.

A novel approach to enhance the combustion quality of C5 alcohol with 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate as a cetane enhancer in common rail direct ignition diesel engine

The purpose of this investigation is to explore the effect of 1-Pentanol and 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), on the characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The major feedstock for the production of 1-pentanol (bio-alcohol) is non food biomass waste. The conversion of waste biomass into useful energy contributes to the cleaner production of fuel and its utilization. The trial was conducted in a 2-cylinder CRDI test rig. The engine was fuelled with diesel, 40P60D (40% 1-Pentanol & 60% diesel v/v) and then 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of 2-EHN was doped to 40P60D. The addition of 1-Pentnaol showed a slight negative effect on combustion at low and medium loads. Furthermore, an extension in the delay period (DP) and combustion duration (CD) was seen for 1-Pentanol blend. The doping of 2-EHN, enhances the cetane count and leads to improvement in the combustion parameters and a reduction in DP and CD was noted. The 1000 ppm of 2-EHN doped blend showed 8.7% of higher BTE and 8.61% lower BSEC compared to 40P60D, also 1.89% and 50% lower HC and CO at 80% load and 36.9% lower NO at 60% load in contrast to diesel. Among all the concentrations 1000 ppm of 2-EHN showed satisfactory results. It is concluded that 40% of 1-Pentanol with 1000 ppm of 2-EHN can be used as an alternative fuel to pure diesel without compromising in performance of the engine.

Effect of Alumina and Bio‐Based Calcium Oxide Nanoadditives on Reduction of Emissions and Performance Improvement in a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with B20 Blend of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

This experimental study investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a common rail direct injection diesel engine running on used cooking biodiesel prepared through transesterification. The nanoparticles calcium oxide (CaO) and alumina (Al2O3) are mixed with the B20 blend using an ultrasonicator to create a homogeneous mixture. The following five fuel series are used in the study: a B20 blend with three different nanoparticle ppms are blended to form Al2O3CaO 90 ppm, Al2O3 + CaO 60 ppm, and Al2O3 + CaO 30 ppm. The enhanced surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles enhances the degree of mixing and chemical reactivity during combustion. Also, the characteristics of diesel engines result in reduced specific fuel consumption. The test fuel B20 + 90 ppm (90 ppm nanoparticles dispersion) results 9% and 11% increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel and B20, respectively. The presence of nanoparticles in biodiesel has initiated the combustion slightly earlier due to its improved ignition qualities that permit catalytic combustion and a shorter ignition delay. In comparison to diesel and B20, the Al2O3CaO90 ppm fuel blend lowers NOx emissions by 18% and 21%, carbon monoxide emissions by 40% and 43%, hydrocarbon emissions by 35% and 40%, and smoke emissions by 24% and 29%, respectively.

Experimental Analysis of Hydrogen Enrichment in Waste Plastic Oil Blends for Dual-Fuel Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engines

Abstract Growing global concerns about fossil fuels highlight the importance of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Proper management of plastic waste is crucial due to its environmental impact. The pyrolysis oil process offers a sustainable solution to address plastic waste accumulation. This study explores the impact of a hydrogen-waste plastic oil blend on a modern diesel engine. The research delves into plastic oil and diesel blends at 10%, 20%, and 30% concentrations, with hydrogen provided at 8 L/min. Experiments are conducted at various loads, and hydrogen-enriched fuel blends are analyzed for combustion characteristics, performance parameters, and emissions. Higher blended fuel ratios lead to extended ignition delays, decreased thermal efficiency, and increased emissions. Hydrogen enrichment reduces carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions but raises nitrogen oxide emissions due to higher exhaust gas temperatures. The comparative analysis shows significant improvements in brake thermal efficiency and brake-specific fuel consumption under full load conditions. The blend demonstrates notable reductions in hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions but an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions compared to diesel. The findings indicate that integrating hydrogen into diesel engines enhances performance measures and reduces overall emissions.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of CRDI Engine Fuelled with Cotton Seed Oil Blended Biodiesel

The biofuel produced from cottonseed oil can provide a potential solution to the rapid rate of depletion and hazardous emissions of the fossil fuels for the fast-growing world. The present work investigates the suitability of cotton seed oil as a blending agent for production of biodiesel. The biodiesel blend has been tested as an alternate fuel in a common rail direct injection diesel engine from performance and emission point of view. The performance and emission parameters of biodiesel containing 10, 20 and 30 % of cotton seed oil have been compared with those of pure diesel. The experimental results indicated that the biodiesel containing 20% of cottonseed oil exhibited the most optimal performance and emission characteristics. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine decreased by 2.3% while the brake specific fuel consumption increased by 0.047kg/kWh for optimally concentrated biodiesel. Corresponding to same combustion parameters, the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions reduced by 16.5 and 58 % respectively while the nitrogen oxide emissions increased by approximately 4.8%. Thus, the cotton seed oil can be considered as a potential alternate to pure diesel considering performance and emission characteristics.

Effects of diesel‐ethanol-waste oil cooking and plastics blends reused in common rail direct injection diesel engine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transesterifying waste oils using alcohol and a catalyst to provide a sustainable fuel alternative. To ensure that the resulting biodiesel met American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) criteria, we studied its most important parameters of diesel‐ ethanol-waste oil cooking and plastics blends. We were able to separate out three unique fuel mixtures: BF0 (100% diesel), E20 (20% ethanol and 80% diesel), W20 (20% waste cooking oil and 80% diesel), and P20 (20% waste plastics oil and 80% diesel). In this experiment, a single-cylinder, computer-controlled diesel engine with direct injection was used. Fuel consumption increased by 4.3% for W20, 6.7% for E20, and 0.4% for P20, while thermal efficiency decreased by 2.1% for W20, 4.2% for P20, and 2.1% for E20, based on measurements conducted at 23.5° b Top Dead Center (TDC), Compression Ratio (CR19) under full load. At 23.5° b TDC injection time, NOx emissions were observed to be lower. Adding 20% W to conventional fuel at 23.5° b TDC enhanced the engines combustion characteristics.

Comprehensive Analysis of Compression Ratio, Exhaust Gas Recirculation, and Pilot Fuel Injection in a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Tamarind Biodiesel

The global automotive industry is facing significant challenges, including dwindling fossil fuel reserves, rising crude oil prices, and increasingly strict emission regulations. To address these concerns, this study investigates the impact of the compression ratio (CR) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emissions of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fuelled with a 20% blend of tamarind seed methyl ester (TSME 20) biodiesel. The study employed an open-type electronic control unit to implement pilot fuel injection at a rate of 30%, 23° before the top dead centre (TDC), and at a higher pressure of 600 bar. Three CRs (16:1, 18:1, 20:1) and two types of EGR (hot and cold EGR at 10%) were evaluated. Diesel fuel at CR 18 was used as a baseline for comparison. The experimental procedure involved conducting tests with TSME 20 at CR 16, 18, and 20. Subsequently, TSME 20 at CR 20 + Hot EGR 10% and TSME 20 at CR 20 + Cold EGR 10% were examined. The results showed that TSME 20 operated at a higher CR (CR 20) exhibited improved diesel engine performance and significant reductions in harmful exhaust emissions. Additionally, cold EGR at 10% was more effective in reducing CO, CO2, and NOx emissions from TSME 20 than hot EGR. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into optimizing diesel engine operation to achieve a balance between performance enhancement and emission reduction through tamarind seed biodiesel blends and different EGR techniques. The implementation of these strategies holds considerable potential in addressing the automotive industry’s challenges, including ecological considerations and fuel price fluctuations.

Experimental investigation of preheated ethyl ester of palm oil for a common rail direct injection diesel engine

The main aim of this research work is to study the performance and exhaust emissions of a common rail direst injection diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under load variation by preheating fuels. Fuels are a neat ethyl ester of palm oil (EEPO) and its blended with diesel for the ratios of 10–50% v/v. The fuels are preheated to 65 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 5 °C, respectively. The results of preheated fuels compared with conventional diesel show the changes in performance parameters and exhaust emissions. The preheated neat EEPO resulted in the permutation of performance parameters. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduced while the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) increased, by 5%. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) were raised up to 18%, but carbon monoxide (CO) was dropped by 16%. Outstandingly, the preheated conventional diesel mixed with 10% EEPO improved the BTE and the BSEC by 2%. The preheating conventional diesel mixed with increasing EEPO (10–50% v/v) caused the increasing CO2 and NO but the CO emissions were continuously reduced.

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a CRDI Engine fuelled with Biodiesel, Ethanol and Butanol

The global community has focused on the sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply due to increased usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum resources, and volatile crude oil market prices. We are looking for alternative fuel. As a result, we have chosen biodiesel. In this paper, a diesel blend containing biodiesel, ethanol, and butanol was created to test the characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. The blends of diesel-biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol-butanol were designated as B40 and B40-E10-BUT10 respectively. The experiment is carried out at a rate of 20% EGR. The experimental results show that the mechanical efficiency is higher in biodiesel blends than in diesel. The use of an EGR system with these blends reduces NOx by lowering the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber.

Optimization of common rail direct injection diesel engine performance with Melia dubia methyl ester peppermint oil blend using response surface methodology approach and investigation of hydrogen and hydroxy influence

In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation, and the start of injection on the performance and emission of single-cylinder VCR CRDI engine fueled with Melia dubia biodiesel and peppermint oil blends. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of these multiple factors and their interactions with response variables like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke. Model analysis was done to validate the regression model developed for all responses by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Compression ratios 17.5, 19.5, and 21.5, exhaust gas recirculation of 10, 15, and 20%, and 19, 21, and 23 °CA were selected for the start of injection in this study. High desirability of 0.979 was obtained at the optimum operating parameters, viz. 19.5 of compression ratio, 23 °CAbTDC of the start of injection with 15% EGR where the values of BTE, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were found to be 30.66%, 2.66 g/kWh, 0.076 g/kWh, 7.36 g/kWh, and 40 HSU respectively. Further, hydrogen and hydroxy (simulated) gas were inducted to improve the biofuel blend's performance, and their influence was investigated. A significant improvement in performance and reduction in emissions were observed with the usage of hydrogen gases. Researchers and organizations seeking to enhance engine performance and reduce harmful environmental emissions can benefit from this study.