Radon Effective Dose Research Articles

Assessment of radon levels in some cosmetics using CR-39 nuclear detector

People across the globe use cosmetics, thus studying radon in makeup is crucial for finding solutions to lessen its harmful impacts. The research is concerned with examining the amounts of radon and annual dose in cosmetics sold in Saudi Arabian marketplaces. The radioactive content of cosmetics was measured using the CR-39 detector. The results showed that the radon concentration values were within the internationally permissible limit, which ranges between 200 and 600 Bq/m3. The average value of radon concentration for all measured cosmetics was 237.94 Bq/m3. The results of the annual effective dose showed that 75% of the values were within the safe range. The average annual effective dose of radon was 4.11 mSv/year. Ads and Mineral products recorded values above the globally permitted values for all measured parameters. It is advised to stay away from high-value cosmetics. Using cosmetics with high radiation content can be harmful to the general public's health. It is advised to keep learning about makeup styles from around the globe.

Radon, Thoron and Polonium Concentrations Estimated in Building Materials Samples Collected from Al-Shatra, Dhi-Qar, Iraq

Radon, Thoron and their short-lived daughters have a high contribution to background radiation, as long-term exposure causes the risk of lung cancer. In current study, five types of building materials with a total 55 samples in Al-Shatra City, Dhi-Qar Governorate, Iraq collected to measure the radon and thoron concentration by using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector. The results showed that the average radon concentrations in all samples were (103.53±55.94) Bqm−3, while the average thoron concentration was (53.20±44.69) Bqm−3. On the other hand, the annual effective dose of radon ranged between (0.85-6.46) msvy−1, with an average of 2.61msvy−1. While, for thoron concentration was ranged between (0.12-3.28) msvy−1, with an average of 1.49 msvy−1. The annual effective dose was found acceptable limit (3-10 msvy−1) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). On the other side, the average Polonium concentrations (218Po, 214Po) have been found to be 2.053 KBqm−3, 0.866 KBqm−3, respectively.

Indoor radon and thoron levels in some residences of Sri Renga Narayana Puram Village, Tirunelveli, India, using solid-state nuclear track detectors

The indoor radon and thoron measurements were carried out at Sri Renga Narayana Puram village, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, which is located nearer to the Nuclear Power Plant, Kudankulam. The survey was performed using a single-entry pin-hole dosimeter with a solid-state nuclear track detector for a period of 90 days. In the present study, the radon and thoron levels have been measured initially for 10 residences using LR-115 Type II films as a detector. The dose assessment due to radon and thoron is calculated. The effective dose of radon and thoron in the corresponding residences has been found to vary from 0.516 to 0.660 mSvy−1 and 0.010 to 0.144 mSvy−1. The total effective dose due to radon and thoron has been calculated which found to vary from 0.545 to 0.791 mSvy−1 with an average value of 0.655 mSvy−1.

Preliminary Survey of Exposure to Indoor Radon in al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan

Radon is a major source of naturally occurring radioactivity, and its measurement is considered extremely important in radiation protection, given its association with lung cancer. This pilot study aimed to estimate the annual effective dose received by students and staff based on monitoring data on the concentration of radon in the buildings of al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), based on the distance to the tectonic fault. The measurements were recorded daily from February 2021 to September 2022 using a RAMON-02 radiometer (SOLO LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan). All measurements were taken from the basement to the top floor under normal conditions of use. The average accumulated concentrations of radon in the studied buildings ranged from 16.34 to 78.33 Bq/m3, which is below the maximum level of 100 Bq/m3 established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (200 Bq/m3). Relatively high values were recorded in the basement of the Faculty of Physics and Technology building (282.0 Bq/m3 in winter, 1742.0 Bq/m3 in spring, 547.7 Bq/m3 in summer, and 550.7 Bq/m3 in autumn), which is located closest to the tectonic fault and poorly ventilated. In almost all rooms (94%), radon levels were within the WHO-recommended reference level. The averaged results show the influence of the distance to the fault on the average indoor radon levels. The annual effective dose of radon for university students and staff ranged from 1.09 mSv/year to 1.53 mSv/year. The excess lifetime risk of developing cancer ranged from 0.44% to 0.61%.

The Annual Amount of Radon Radiation from Drinking Water Sources in Children and Adults in Roudan county, Iran

Background: Radon is a major source of natural radiation in water, soil, and air. Natural sources of radiation are major contributors to the radiation humans and other living beings receive. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on drinking water sources of three cities and 18 villages of Roudan county in 2021. The measurement of radon concentration in the collected samples was performed using the RAD7 device. Results: In the studied water sources, the highest and lowest radon concentrations were 11.00±2.09 and 0.95±0.23 kBq/m3 , respectively. The average radon concentration was 4.98±0.76 Bq/L which was lower than 11 Bq/L (the EPA level recommended for drinking water). The mean annual effective dose of radon, due to direct and continuous water intake for adults and children was 48.01±11.56 and 65.86±15.86 µSv/y, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that radon concentrations in two regions of Roudan county were higher than the allowed World Health Organization (WHO) concentration and people who normally use these resources for drinking during the year are exposed to abnormal radiation levels.

Elevated radon level in drinking water of Ajodhya Hill Area of West Bengal, India: probable health impact on lung and stomach.

A screening survey has been carried out to measure the radon concentration in drinking water at various locations of Ajodhya hill and surrounding areas in Purulia district of West Bengal, India, using AlphaGUARD radon monitor. The obtained 222Rn concentration in ground water varies from 5.71 ± 0.29 to 579.47 ± 23.18Bq/l with an average of 110.00 ± 6.61Bq/l. Comparison between our results with the internationally recommended reference levels reveals that drinking of water from the majority of these tube-wells can pose significant health risks to the local people. Correlation study indicates that tube-well depth has significant influence on the radon level in water samples. Using 60l/yr and 1642.50l/yr water consumption estimated annual effective radon doses for most of the samples (almost 70% and 96%, respectively) are high compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU) Commission prescribed reference dose limit of 100 μSv/yr. Also, the evaluated Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) values associated with the tube-wells are showing serious threat to the health of the locals.The primary goal of this work is to develop a radon profile map of this area and to find out the possible reasons behind the elevated radon level in ground water. This type of work may play a very crucial role to aware the locals in perspective of human exposure to radon. The local health officials and the water quality regulators of India are requested to take necessary steps for protecting the local people from water radon hazard.

Indoor radon monitoring in various ventilation degree in some schools of Duhok City, Iraq

Radon is a radioactive noble gas, recognized as a carcinogenic agent, being affected by degree of ventilation. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the concentration of indoor radon gas in schools, to estimate the main factors affecting their radon concentration levels and to analyze the effective dose received by students in Duhok schools. Therefore, the concentrations of radon were measured in 28 classrooms, from 13 schools located in Duhok city, using both RAD7 and Corentium monitor, from January 15-30, 2021. In all schools indoor radon was measured in four different scenarios of closed, natural and mechanical ventilation then, radon reduction rate between each case was calculated. In addition to that, exposure to annual effective dose of radon, for each different degree of ventilation, was evaluated. Furthermore, effects of building floors were studied. Results showed that maximum radon concentration, 121 Bqm-3, was recorded in closed ventilation, while minimum, 15 Bqm-3, was recorded in mechanical ventilation. Radon reduction rate in a mechanical ventilation is relatively large 81%. Also, results demonstrate that indoor radon levels at first floor, in all schools under study, were considerably greater than those at second and third floor (p < 0.05). The annual effective dose of all studied schools at 4 different cases of ventilation were found less than the worldwide average radiation dose of 3-10 mSv. So, it is not required to take any action to minimize the level of radon in schools under study.

Measurement of Radium and Radon Exhalation Rate in Marble Samples used in Al-Bayda City Market-Libya

The aim of the present study is to measure the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 222Rn, the mass exhalation rate of 222Rn, and the annual effective dose of radon in marble samples collected from Al-Bayda city local market –Libya. Samples were measured by using a low-background NaI (Tl) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 222Rn were 72.57 Bq.kg-1 and 597.85 Bq.m-3.The radon exhalation rate in marble samples vary from 0.05-0.30 Bq.kg-1.S-1 with an average of 0.13 Bq.kg-1.S-1. The annual effective dose of radon was calculated in samples under investigation. For most samples, the values were lower than the maximum permissible dose limits. It can be concluded that marble samples under investigation do not pose any radiological hazard to the dwellers of buildings used in their construction.

Assessment of Radon gas concentration in Tap water supply of Haditha Town / west Al-Anbar Governorate / Iraq

The current study was performed to estimate Radon concentration in the tap water and annual effective dose in 22 water samples from three districts in Haditha city (Haditha center, Haqlaniyah and Barowana) in addition to Euphrates river. the results show that overall concentration of radon 226 in drinking water in Haditha city was ranged (0.0091 – 0.031 Bq L−1). Also, the annual effective dose of radon 226 was calculated, The highest was 0.113166 μSv/y, while the lowest was 0.03322 μSv/y. The rank order of drinking water resources in Haditha region based on the concentration of radon 226 was Euphrates river > Haditha > Barwana > Haglanyah. The overall concentration of radon 226 in drinking water in Haditha city was lower than WHO and EPA standard limits.

Effect of plastering and paints on radon exhalation rate and radon effective dose from fired bricks

Effect of plastering and paints on radon exhalation rate and radon effective dose from fired bricks

222Rn Activity Concentration Measurement and its Radiological Risks in the Environment of Barserin Village, Erbil-Iraq

222Rn Activity Concentration Measurement and its Radiological Risks in the Environment of Barserin Village, Erbil-Iraq

Assessment of Indoor Radon Concentration in Residential Buildings at Ouagadougou and Estimation of the Annual Effective Dose

The second most important cause of lung cancer after smoking is a radon gas. Thus, the determination of indoor radon concentrations in residential buildings is an important public health concern. The purpose of this research was to measure the concentration of radon gas in residential homes in the city of Ouagadougou and evaluate the annual effective dose, effective dose equivalent and the relative risk of lung cancer. The present study used the digital radon detector air things of cranium to determine the concentration of radon in twenty one homes at Ouagadougou. The digital radon detector air Things of corentium was placed in each residential building for a minimum period of one week and the concentration values are read every 24 hours. The values recorded are the short term average and the long term average. This study showed that the average radon concentration was 26.90±2.58 Bq/m³ in residential homes at Ouagadougou. The average radon effective dose rate was calculated as 0.68 mSv per year and the average effective dose equivalent of 1.63 mSv per year. The average relative risk of lung cancer (RRLC) due to indoor exposure was 1.02. The concentration of radon in one house was found to be greater than 100 Bq/m³, which is above the level allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The radon Effective Dose Equivalent in 14.3% of homes were slightly larger than the limit of the recommended action level (3-10 mSv per year) as reported by the ICRP-1993. It seems necessary to increase the public’s awareness of this issue and to take action to reduce radon in homes when the concentrations are above.

Radon concentration and radiation exposure levels in workplace buildings of downtown Rio de Janeiro City, SE, Brazil

Radon, a noble radioactive gas, can reach levels that pose a risk to public health in poorly ventilated environments such as residences and buildings. It is a known carcinogenic agent, responsible for the incidence of about 14% of lung cancer in the world. In this work an evaluation of indoor radon, that downtown Rio de Janeiro workers are exposed in working daily life was carried out using an alpha detector (RAD7). The indoor radon concentration and effective dose are below the limits recommended by international standards.

ALPHA EMITTERS RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS IN SOME COSMETICS USED IN IRAQ USING LR-115 DETECTOR

Cosmetics play an important role of human external appearance, its products used to alter or enhance the facial appearance or the body and skincare, currently worldwide consumed with frequently use increasing the human body exposure to the various chemical elements including radioactive substances. This research aimed to measure the concentrations of alpha emitters, and the annual effective dose AED resulting from radon intake. LR-115 track detector used to measure radon, and radium concentrations in 20 cosmetics samples selected from markets. In this work the concentrations of radon in the samples found to vary from 9.876 to 30.97 Bq/m3 with 22.11 Bq/m3 a mean value, this mean value is a very small than 100 Bq/m3 the reference level limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). The annual radon effective dose varied between 0.249–0.781 mSv/y which is within the range of 0.2-10 mSv/y (UNSCEAR). Radium contents vary between 0.041–0.249 Bq/Kg with 0.115 Bq/Kg as a mean value. This work identified law measured concentrations of radionuclide present in cosmetics showed its safe for use

Radon survey in office room and effective dose estimation for staff

This study aims to: (1) Acquire the radon level in closed office rooms, providing radon exposure data for preliminary health risk assessment of office-working population. (2) Pre-analyze the relationship between radon concentration and indoor temperature, relative humidity. (3) Estimate seasonal, annual and total radon effective dose for ordinary office-working population. The results show that the 24-h or 8-h average radon concentrations in closed office rooms were about 32.0 Bq/m3 and 29.5 Bq/m3 during detection period, and the estimated effective doses in office rooms calculated by using 24-h and 8-h average radon concentrations were all far below that in residential environment.

Concentration and Annual Effective Dose of Radon in the Neyshabur Turquoise Mine

Concentration and Annual Effective Dose of Radon in the Neyshabur Turquoise Mine

Background Environmental Radiation in a Museum in Chengdu

In order to grasp the radon concentration and γ-ray radiation level in a museum in Chengdu, and evaluate the radiation damage caused to the museum staff, the radon concentration and the instantaneous dose rate of gamma rays in the museum warehouse and exhibition room were monitored and estimated the annual effective dose caused by it. The results show that the radon concentration range in the museum is 24.12 - 78.9 Bq/m3, the average is 36.17 Bq/m3, far below China’s 400 Bq/m3 standard. The range of γ air absorbed dose rate is 7.1 - 13.6 × 10?8 Gy/h, the average is 10.8 × 10?8 Gy/h, it is the normal natural background range. The average annual effective dose of radon and its decay products was 8.68 × 10?3 - 2.84 × 10?2 mSv/a, the average annual effective dose of γ radiation was 0.100 - 0.192 mSv mSv/a, and the combined dose was 0.109 - 0.220 mSv/a, far less than 1 mSv/a standard.

Annual effective dose of radon in groundwater samples for different age groups in Obuasi and Offinso in the Ashanti Region, Ghana

The study presents radon (222Rn) activity concentration in the groundwater samples and their annual effective dose exposure in Offinso and Obuasi in the Ashanti, Region for different age groups. Radon measurement was made using Durridge RAD-7 H2O technique. In Obuasi, mean 222Rn concentration in groundwater was 0.09 ± 0.01 Bq l−1, mean annual effective dose due to ingestion for adult, child and infant were 0.64 ± 0.11 μSv yr−1, 1.28 ± 0.21 μSv yr−1 and 4.46 ± 0.73 μSv yr−1 respectively and the mean annual effective dose due to inhalation was 0.28 ± 0.05 mSv yr−1 for the dry season whiles in the rainy season the mean 222Rn concentration in groundwater was 0.08 ± 0.01 Bq l−1, the mean annual effective dose due to ingestion for adult, child and infant was 0.56 ± 0.09 μSv yr−1, 1.13 ± 0.18 μSv yr−1, 3.94 ± 0.62 μSv yr−1 respectively and the annual effective dose due to inhalation was 0.24 ± 0.04 mSv yr−1. In Offinso , the mean 222Rn concentration in groundwater was 0.14 ± 0.05 Bq l−1, mean annual effective dose due to ingestion for adult, child and infant was 1.03 ± 0.37 μSv yr−1, 2.06 ± 0.74 μSv yr−1, and 7.20 ± 0.74 μSv yr−1 respectively and the mean annual inhalation dose a mean of 0.46 ± 0.16 mSv yr−1 for the dry season. In the rainy season, the mean indoor 222Rn concentration in groundwater was 0.13 ± 0.04 Bq l−1, mean annual effective dose due to ingestion for adult, child and infant was 1.26 ± 0.31 μSv yr−1, 1.89 ± 0.61 μSv yr−1 and 6.62 ± 2.15 μSv yr−1 respectively and the mean annual effective dose due to inhalation was mean of 0.41 ± 0.13 mSv yr−1. The mean annual effective doses of all the samples are lower than the reference level of 0.1 mSvyr−1 for drinking water of WHO and EU Council. It has been concluded that drinking water of the study area is generally safe as far as radon related health hazards are concerned apart from a few isolated cases. It has been found that radon levels within the region have a positive correlation with depth of the water sources.

Indoor radon concentrations in the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions of Belarus and assessment of the radon dose for the population

The summarized data on indoor radon concentrations and estimated effective radon doses in the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions of Belarus are presented. The passive track detector method was used to carry out the indoor radon monitoring. The measurement results are summarized in the geoinformation database. The map of the annual radon equivalent equilibrium concentrations distribution in administrative districts was created. The analysis of the results revealed that in 2.3, 1.3 and 0.4 % of dwelling of the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel region correspondingly, the indoor radon equivalent equilibrium concentration exceeded the regulatory established limit of 200 Bq/m 3 . For effective planning of further radon monitoring, maps of absolute and relative number of measurements per administrative district were built. The calculated effective radon doses for the population and comparison to those from the “Chernobyl” radionuclides showed that radon is the main contributor to the public exposure.

341. Radon mitigation: A practice example in medical clinics

Purpose Report the experience of Medical Physics Department of APSS Trento in coordinating the assessments and radioactive radon gas mitigations of medical clinics, complying with laws [1] , [2] . Methods and materials 42 measurement points were chosen in the workplaces at the lower floors (undergrounds, basements, ground floors) of the various buildings that were representative of the most critical situations with respect to aeration. Radon concentrations have been measured for one year through all workplaces using passive detectors, i.e. electrets giving integrated values, and also during Radon mitigation, using active detector, i.e. a Lucas scintillation cell monitor, allowing temporary monitoring. For each worker the effective dose was estimated applying the conversion factor 3·10−9 Sv·m3/Bq ·h [2] . Based on Radon concentration measurements and effective dose estimations, an evaluation of Radon mitigation has been undertaken (Fig. 1), adopting organizational or structural approach. Results The exceeding of the action levels [2] have been found only at medical clinics of Pinzolo and Levico, in terms of both concentration and effective dose. At Pinzolo a Radon concentration of 1745 Bq/m3 was measured, while at Levico it was found to be 1216 Bq/m3. Two different remedial actions were adopted. At Pinzolo an organizational approach was undertaken. Workers were transferred to another workplace at ground floor with a formwork for ventilated foundation, where the Radon concentration was 160 Bq/m3. Instead at Levico, considering also additional measurements in other places of the same building, an active soil depressurization through mechanical ventilation has been realized, leading to a Radon concentration less than 110 Bq/m3. The optimization of ventilation system was done using active dosimeters. Conclusion Although Radon mitigation is a challenging task, the adopted solutions proved to be effective.