Radionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Research Articles

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis of selected elements in drug samples with 8-hydroxyquinoline preconcentration

The preconcentration performance characteristics of precipitation of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Hg with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) and subsequent filtration through cellulose nitrate membrane were investigated for the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry identification and determination of trace metal ions in drug samples. Several parameters of the method were optimised, including pH and amount of 8HQ. The investigated ions were collected on cellulose nitrate membrane filter (Pragopor 4) as their complexes after the reaction with 8HQ. To conclude, optimal reaction conditions were found out (pH 10.5 for Fe, Co and pH 11.5 for Mn, Cu Zn, Pb and Hg, volume of 20 μl of the 2 % solution of hydroxyquinoline). Thereafter, the content of these elements was determined in the active substances of the infusion and injection solutions, i.e. NaCl, glucose and dextrane, and the results were compared with those ones obtained after the preconcentration with thioacetamid. The rapidity of this method, its multi-element character and low detection limits proved this method to be a very promising in rapid screening in quality control of drugs.

Radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis of selected elements in agrimony tea samples with preconcentration

Abstract The contents of selected elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb) in samples of loose tea of agrimony “Repikovy čaj” (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) were studied in this work. Identification and determination of the selected elements content were performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry - the nuclear analytical method based on the interaction between low-energy gamma and X radiation and analysed substance. Solid form samples were pressed in tablets and directly analysed. Prepared infusions were analysed after the preconcentration of the elements using precipitation with thioacetamide and ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate with subsequent filtration of created precipitates through a nitrocellulose filter. Detection limits obtained from both methods were compared and their suitability for elemental analysis of plant preparations was discussed.

Determination of selected elements by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis after the separation on different kinds of sorption materials

This paper aimed to the evaluation of different kinds of sorbent material preparation and to the evaluation of their characteristics at different pH conditions by X-ray fluorescence analysis. This method is suitable for identification and determination of elements in samples of different character, state and origin because it is a polycomponent, non-destructive, fast and simple analytical method. Moreover, it allows time-advantageous and reliable measurements. This paper studies problems concerning the determination of some selected elements (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in pharmaceutical samples of sodium chloride in the solid state as well as in its solution by sorption on chelating extraction membrane 3M Empore™ and on the strongly acidic ion-exchanger Dowex 50Wx8. Conditions for the most effective sorption of determined elements are also interpreted.

X-ray fluorescence in research on Czech cultural monuments

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (RXRFA), as a non-destructive method, relatively simple and allowing measurements to be carried out in situ, is an excellent tool in research on various objects of art. A range of artefacts have been investigated by our laboratory, in part for the purposes of history of art and in part as a basis for restoration works – medieval frescoes in some Czech castles and churches, metal sculptures and objects of applied art, paints and inks of old manuscripts, paintings. Some of these are among the most valuable monuments in the Czech cultural heritage. The contribution of the results of the tests to the investigation of their “life story” and, in some cases, to their conservation, is not negligible. Later additions and repairs can be recognised, and materials and technologies that are close to their historic counterparts can be used in restoration work.

Radiation methods in research of ancient monuments

A “Laboratory of Quantitative Methods in Monument Research” is being built at the CTU Prague. Its primary orientation is the investigation of historic architecture, although other objects of art can also be investigated. In the first phase, two radiation methods are being established, but it is set up in such a way, that various other methods can readily be added in its future development. The radiation methods chosen for the initial development of the laboratory are: thermoluminescence dating and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The design of the automated TL-reader, built in our laboratories, is adjusted for the purpose of dating of historic brick architecture (which, of course, does not exclude applications for ceramics and other materials). The investigation of renaissance architecture in southern Bohemia and Moravia is under preparation as the first large campaign of this kind in the Czech Republic. Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis has been chosen as the basic analytical method in the laboratory. The possibility of analyses of paintings and fired building materials (bricks, roof tiles) have been investigated. The first results in both the areas are very promising.

Influence of Copper from the Kuprikol 50 Fungicide on Colorado Potato Beetle Adults Studied by Radionuclide X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

The influence of copper on adults of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) was studied. The adults were treated by the contact fungicide Kuprikol 50, which is used to control down powder mildew (Phytophtora infestans de Bary). Copper content was determined by radio-nuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis using a 238Pu exciting source. The obtained results contribute to the control measures against the Colorado potato beetle and to the question of the resistance of Colorado potato beetle towards pyrethroide insecticides.

Determination of Fe and Zn in healing plants by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method was used for the determination of Fe and Zn in healing plants (Sage, Peppermint, Stinging, Common Agrimony, Milfoil, Ribwort, Tansy, White Dead-Nettle).238Pu exciting source and Si/Li semiconductor detector were used for the determination.

The use of tree bark for environmental pollution monitoring in the Czech Republic

The paper describes the use of oak tree ( Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) bark for determining the distribution of air pollution by heavy metals and other elements in the western part of the Czech Republic, known as Bohemia. The samples collected were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in IRI TU Delft. To obtain sulphur concentration radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (RXRFA) was applied in CTU-FNSPE. Out of all the determined elements 24 (Al, As, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, Hg, La, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Zn) were selected as the most important. Then the data were analysed by Monte Carlo-assisted factor analysis (MCAFA) with the aim of resolving and identifying the environmental pollution sources. Some of the factors were interpreted as fly ash, coal combustion, Zn industry, waste incinerator plant, crustal material or metal industry. The geographical distribution patterns of the factors are also available.

Heavy element contamination of surface waters in the region Banská Štiavnica (SR) measured by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe) were determined in surface waters in the surroundings of the depositories of the mining shrubs in the region of Banska Stiavnica (SR) by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. Allowed concentrations of the determined metals are exceeded numerously (multiplicity in some cases was 103–106).

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence determination of Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in industrial wastewaters after preconcentration of determined elements

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis was used for the determination of Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in industrial wastewaters (from surface treatment of metals and glasses) after precipitation of determined elements by 8-hydroxyquinoline.

The effect of Cu(II) ions bound with tridentate Schiff base ligands upon the photosynthetic apparatus

Summary The effect of diaqua-(N-pyruvidene-β-alaninato) copper (II) monohydrate (Cu(pyr-β-ala)) on the photosynthetic apparatus of spinach chloroplasts was investigated. It was found that Cu(pyr-β-ala) inhibits the photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts due to its interaction with the photosynthetic centers. Its sites of action have been determined to be not only the intermediate Tyr Z (reported by Schroder et al., 1994), but also the intermediate Tyr D , which are situated in D 1 and D 2 proteins on the donor side of PS 2. The interaction of Cu(pyr-β-ala) with these intermediates was manifested by a decrease of the intensity of EPR signals II slow and II very fast , respectively, in chloroplasts treated with Cu(pyr-β-ala). The appearance of lines corresponding to Mn 2+ ions in EPR spectrum of Cu(pyr-β-ala)-treated chloroplasts and simultaneous disappearance of the manganese band in spectra of band radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (RFA) confirm that a further site of Cu(pyr-β-ala) action is the manganese cluster in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) on the donor side of PS 2. One of the suggested mechanisms of action of Cu(pyr-β-ala), namely chelatation of its copper(II) ions with tryptophan and tyrosine constituents of proteins situated in photosynthetic centres, has been confirmed by the results of fluorescence studies (quenching of the emission bands of the above mentioned aromatic amino acids in the presence of Cu(pyr-β-ala)) and EPR spectroscopy (differences in the form of spectra of Cu 2+ ions corresponding to the dissolved Cu(pyr-β-ala) and to chloroplast-trapped Cu 2+ ions of this compound). The second suggested mechanism of action of Cu(pyr-β-ala) is the substitution of manganese and calcium ions present in OEC by copper, which was confirmed by the intensity decrease of their bands (channel numbers: 91, 106 for Mn and 39 for Ca) in RFA spectra of Cu(pyr-β-ala)-treated chloroplasts and simultaneous increase of the intensity of corresponding bands belonging to Cu (channel numbers: 146, 168).

Determination of Fe and Zn in agricultural plants with special cultivation by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Fe and Zn were determined in various parts of maize (Zea mays) in dependence on quantity of organic substrate EKOFERT as organic fertilizer in soil, using radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. The increase of quantity of organic substrate EKOFERT in soil causes a decrease of heavy metal concentrations in certain parts of the plant.

Heavy metals and some other elements in medicinal plants. Determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis

Determination of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Br, Se, Rb, Sr and Cd in the medicinal plants by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (using238Pu,241Am/Ag and125I) is described.

Determination of Y, Ba and Cu in superconductor films by X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis was used for the determination of Y, Ba and Cu in thin high-temperature superconducting films. Atomic emission ICP spectrometry was used to estimate the precision and accuracy of analytical results. Reasonable agreement between both methods was obtained when a polynomial calibration curve was applied.

Heavy metals in industrial wastewater determined by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis and their effects onAllium cepa root tip cells

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method was used in the determination of Cr, Ni and other heavy metals content in wastewater of an engineering plant taken both before and after chemical treatment. Toxic effects of the wastewaters usingAllium cepa root tip cells were tested.

Determination of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb in particulate matter, raw and final materials of a brick factory by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with a Si/Li semiconductor detector and238Pn exciting source was used in the study of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb content of solid emissions, raw and final materials of a brick factory. From the point of view of metal content, the working environment of the brick factory is safe for workers.

Determination of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb contents in Taraxacum officinale near the highway D-61 Bratislava-Trnava (SR) by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with Si/Li semiconductor detector and238Pu exciting source was used for the determination of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in plant samples (Taraxacum officinale) from various localities near the highway D-61 Bratislava-Trnava (SR).

Determination of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb contents in soil near the D-61 Bratislava-Trnava highway by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with Si/Li semiconductor detector and238Pu exciting source was used for the determination of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil samples from various localities near the D-61 Bratislava-Trnava highway (CSFR).

Identification of elements in plant drugs and their water infusion using X-ray fluorescence analysis

The present work gives preliminary results of analysis of drug mixtures (NEPHROSAL tea bag) and its water infusion. In a sample of dried drugs the elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb were identified, whereas in their water infusion only Ca, Mn, Zn and Sr were found. The method applied was radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis using a radionuclide source109Cd, a Si/Li semiconductor detector and a multichannel analyzer Canberra 8100.

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis of drinking water using preconcentration of trace metals on chelating cellulose exchanger OSTSORB-OXIN

Determination of Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in drinking water preconcentrated on a chelating ion exchanger of Czechoslovak production is described. The analytical system consisted of a radionuclide source238Pu, a Si/Li semiconductor detector and a multichannel analyzer. Results are compared with trehshold limit values recommended for drinking water.