Radioactive Sodium Iodide Research Articles

Interactions of calcium with the external surfaces of fullerenes and endofullerenes doped with radioactive sodium iodide.

We report first-principles calculations carried out to analyze the adsorption of calcium on the outer surface of the fullerene C60, yielding [C60 + mCa]. Geometric optimization (GO) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were performed using the plane-wave pseudopotential method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) to investigate the configurations, the associated energies in the ground state, and the stabilities of fullerenes and endofullerenes doped with radioactive sodium iodide when they interact with calcium atoms on the outer fullerene surface (i.e., [nNa131I@C60 + mCa]). The reason for investigating these calcium-functionalized (endo)fullerene systems was to gauge their potential stability when used as vectors to deliver radioiodine to cancerous tissue in the human body. In the simulations, we found that the geometric limit on the number of calcium atoms that can be physisorbed on the outer surface of an empty fullerene while maintaining its structural stability is 28 calcium atoms, which also takes into account the proportional expansion of the fullerene as the number of absorbed calcium atoms increases. However, the stability of a fullerene system during calcium adsorption also strongly depends on whether any atoms or molecules are being encapsulated by the fullerene, as these encapsulated atoms/molecules can also interact with the fullerene and influence its stability. A Mulliken electronegativity analysis revealed that, when atoms inside and/or outside the fullerene donate charge (electrons) to the fullerene, the fullerene expands. The excess charge on the carbon atoms of the fullerene weakens some of the carbon-carbon bonds, potentially causing them to break, in which case the fullerene loses its ability to encapsulate molecules and releases them. Graphical Abstract DFT simulation of a endo fullerene doped with radioactive sodium iodide interacting with 28 calcium atoms in a geometric arrangement.

The actin content of fibroblasts.

Cultures of chick skin fibroblasts were dissolved in solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and their entire protein content was examined by gel electrophoresis. The most abundant species migrated in the same position as muscle actin. It gave a similar pattern of iodinated peptides after reaction with radioactive sodium iodide and digestion with proteinases, and contained comparable amounts of Nt-methylhistidine. Its amount was estimated by quantitative densitometry of stained gels with bovine serum albumin as an internal standard, and by radioactive assay of cultures that had been grown in the presence of [35S]methionine. The values obtained ranged from 7 to 14% of the total cellular protein, with an average of 8.5%. A protein band in the position of muscle myosin was also present and accounted for about 2.5% of the total protein. Both this and the actin band increased in relative amount with the age of the cultures.

The modification of transcapillary exchange by perfusion of non-particulate media

The effect of blood-borne particulate matter on the effective flow in skeletal muscle was examined in the skinned hind limb of cats with normal arterial supply, perfused at normal flow-rates with whole blood, or with particulate free iso-oncotic media. Effective circulation was assessed from clearance of radioactive sodium iodide after intra-arterial administration. Clearance during perfusion with oxygenated whole blood did not differ from that observed during self-perfusion with normal arterial supply. Clearance increased during perfusion with plasma or plasma substitutes (173% with oxypolygelatin, 153% with 6% Dextran in saline). Generally, media with the lowest hematocrit produced the greatest increase in clearance rate. Perfusion with N 2-treated whole blood also enhanced the clearance rate but the increased slope may reflect changes in pCO 2 or pH as well as pO 2. It was concluded that the rate of movement across vessels perfused with particulate free media was enhanced. The probabilities that (a) “metabolic” vasodilatation and (b) altered flow characteristics contributed to these changes is discussed.

The absorption of radioactive sodium iodide from the rabbit knee joint following transarticular implantation of metal

In das Kniegelenk intraartikular injiziertes NaJ131 wird auf Grund der letzten Arbeiten weitgehend uber den Blutweg abtransportiert. Die Ergebnisse von experimentellen Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre sprechen dafur, das diese Ruckresorption vom Stratum synoviale aus uber die „Transitstrecke” zu den reichlich vorhandenen Zottencapillaren erfolgt. Die Messung der Geschwindigkeit dieses Abtransportes aus dem Kniegelenk mit Hilfe von Szintillationszahlern gibt daher ein gutes Mas fur Veranderungen der Durchblutung des Stratum synoviale.

Evaluation of the Absorption of Radioactive Sodium Iodide from Various Ointment Bases by Means of a Chick Embryo Technique

Forty-seven ointment bases were evaluated for their ability to release radioactive sodium iodide when evaluated by a chick embryo technique. In general, ointments of the hydrophilic type indicated better release of the isotope than did bases of the absorption or oleaginous type.

Chick Embryo Technique for the Evaluation of Absorption of Radioactive Sodium Iodide from Ointment Bases

In view of the lack of agreement pertaining to the absorption of ingredients from ointment bases, an investigation was conducted to develop a procedure which would be suitable for this type of evaluation. A new method was developed which measures the percentage of absorption of radioactive sodium iodide by 11-day-old chick embryos. Penetration of the isotope was measured from the ointment base through the shell membrane and chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo to their thyroid glands.

Case 85-1961

Presentation of Case A sixty-nine-year-old Negro woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal masses. For the past sixteen years the patient had diabetes mellitus, which was well controlled on 20 to 40 units of NPH insulin daily. Two and a half years before entry she began to experience progressive weight loss, tremor, heat intolerance and nervousness. The thyroid gland was markedly enlarged; the protein-bound iodine was 20.7 microgm. per 100 ml., and the radioactive-iodine uptake was 90.5 per cent in twenty-four hours. After methimazole (Tapazole) and two courses of radioactive sodium iodide she became euthyroid; subsequently, the diabetes . . .

Orally administered radioactive sodium iodide in the detection of intra-cranial tumours.

Radioactive sodium iodide was administered by mouth to 26 patients with intra-cranial tumours.

A Study of Certain Physical and I131-Exchange-Tagging Characteristics of Iodopropylidene Glycerol

Preparatory to an investigation of the biological distribution and fate of iodopropylidene glycerol in rats, a study of the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrophotometric absorption characteristics of the compound was made, along with a determination of its distribution between water and chloroform. To prepare radioactive iodine-labeled iodopropylidene glycerol suitable for use in the biological study, a process of exchange tagging with radioactive sodium iodide was investigated, and the conditions for obtaining optimum radioactivity in the test material established.

Thyroidectomizing dose of radioactive iodine in humans with malignant melanoma.

CancerVolume 8, Issue 2 p. 336-338 ArticleFree Access Thyroidectomizing dose of radioactive iodine in humans with malignant melanoma Levona W. Olmsted M.D., Levona W. Olmsted M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam H. Beierwaltes M.D., William H. Beierwaltes M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, MichiganSearch for more papers by this author Levona W. Olmsted M.D., Levona W. Olmsted M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, MichiganSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam H. Beierwaltes M.D., William H. Beierwaltes M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, MichiganSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1955 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(1955)8:2<336::AID-CNCR2820080213>3.0.CO;2-YCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Bischoff, F., and Maxwell, L. C.: Hormones in cancer. V. The effect of glandular extirpation upon the growth of transplantable tumors. J Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 46: 51– 58, 1932. 2 Gross, J., and Leblond, C. P.: Distribution of a large dose of thyroxine labeled with radioiodine in the organs and tissues of the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 171: 309– 320, 1947. 3 Gross, J., and Schwartz, S.: The metabolism of thyroxine in C57 mice and in C3H mice with and without mammary tumors. Cancer Research 11: 614– 618, 1951. 4 Lerner, A. B., and Fitzpatrick, T. B.: Biochemistry of melanin formation. Physiol. Rev. 30: 91– 126, 1950. 5 Levine, M., and Kugel, V. H.: Disturbance of the thyroid mechanism and its effects on tumor growth in mice. Am. J. Cancer 19: 817– 828, 1933. 6 McJunkin, F. A.; Templeton, R. D., and Kravec, F. G.: Resistance of thyroparathyroidectomized rats to growth of a spindle-cell sarcoma. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 34: 801– 804, 1936. 7 Matsuoka, S.: Relation between the thyroid gland and growth of the tumour. Tr. Japan. Path. Soc. 20: 657, 1930. In Japanese. 8 Scott, K. G., and Stone, R. S.: Tumor-host studies. III. Alteration of thyroid, skin, blood, and tumor uptake of I131- tagged diiodotyrosine in rats by transplanted tumors. Cancer 4: 345– 352, 1951. 9 Shibata, S.: [Influence of thyroidectomy on the production of epitneliomatous proliferation in the rabbit's ear due to tarring.] Acta. dermal. 14: 129– 143, 1929. In Japanese; auth. abstr. in English, pp. 143–144. 10 Sloviter, H. A.: The effect of complete ablation of thyroid tissue by radioactive iodine on the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Research 11: 447– 449, 1951. 11 Stevens, C. D.; Stewart, P. H.; Quinlan, P. M., and Meinken, M. A.: The distribution of radioactive iodine in rats with and without Walker tumor 256 after injection of radioactive sodium iodide. Cancer Research 9: 488– 497, 1949. 12 Taurog, A.; Tong, W., and Chaikoff, I. L.: The monoiodotyrosine content of the thyroid gland. J Biol. Chem. 184: 83– 97, 1950. Citing Literature Volume8, Issue21955Pages 336-338 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Localization of Intracranial Neoplasms with Radioactive Isotopes

The method of detecting and localizing brain tumors by external measurement of radiations emitted by radioactive di-iodo-fluorescein concentrated within the tumor was originated by G. E. Moore and his group at the University of Minnesota in 1947 (3). They first reported on a group of 77 cases, including 49 verified tumors, of which 25 (51 per cent) were correctly localized. A more recent report from this group concerned 26 proved brain tumors from a group of 71 patients studied, of which 17 (65 per cent) were correctly localized (4). The interest in this diagnostic method was heightened by a paper of Ashkenazy, Davis, and Martin (1), who attained an accuracy of 91 per cent in 95 patients with verified brain tumors. Woolsey, Thoma, and Mack (12), using the same method, reported a series of 114 patients with 30 verified brain tumors, of which 24 were correctly localized. Svien and Johnson (8) in a preliminary study found the method appproximately 40 per cent accurate. Schlesinger (5), in discussing his experience with 100 cases at the Memorial Hospital in New York, presented no statistical analyses, but emphasized the limitations of the procedure. DeWinter (10), after detecting only 1 out of 20 verified cases, concluded that the method was of little value in tumor localization. Although he used di-iodo-fluorescein, his detecting equipment and method of counting differed markedly from those used by others, which was probably partly responsible for his lack of success. Radioactive substances other than di-iodo131-fluorescein have been tested. Selverstone and Sweet (6) used K42 for both internal and external localization. With external counting they were able to localize correctly 8 of 10 confirmed supratentorial tumors and none of 5 subtentorial neoplasms. Susen, Small, and Moore (7), also using K42, correctly detected 8 of 12 supratentorial tumors, but only 1 of 9 located subtentorially. Apparently heavy concentrations of K42 in the suboccipital musculature set up a high background which may obscure any differential in radioactivity arising from a posterior fossa neoplasm. Radioactive iodinated human serum albumin and radioactive sodium iodide (2, 4) have been used more recently by the Minnesota group. Radioactive iodinated human serum albumin is retained in the blood stream longer and permits repeated counts to be made. It has the possible disadvantage of requiring a twenty-four-hour delay after administration before counting can be done, and requires previous treatment with Lugol's solution to block thyroid uptake. We began using radioactive isotopes to study patients suspected of having organic neurologic disease in January 1951 and have studied 250 patients as of Nov. 1, 1952. Our technic has closely approximated that used by both the Northwestern and Minnesota groups. We are presenting an analysis of our findings in 200 patients studied for a long enough period to permit adequate follow-up and evaluation.

Distribution of radioactivity in rats and man.After intravenous administration of diethyl β-radioiodoethyl amine hydrochloride and of radioactive sodium iodide

Distribution of radioactivity in rats and man.After intravenous administration of diethyl β-radioiodoethyl amine hydrochloride and of radioactive sodium iodide

Distribution of radioactivity in rats and man. After intravenous administration of diethyl β‐radioiodoethyl amine hydrochloride and of radioactive sodium iodide

Distribution of radioactivity in rats and man. <i>After intravenous administration of diethyl β‐radioiodoethyl amine hydrochloride and of radioactive sodium iodide</i>

A comparison of the absorption of radioactive sodium iodide from lard, wool fat and petrolatum

The results of a study of the comparative absorption of radioactive sodium iodide from lard, wool fat, and petrolatum are reported, The results indicated that absorption of this salt was greater from white petrolatum than from either wool fat or lard. The white rat was used as the test animal.

A study of the absorption of radioactive sodium iodide from a variety of ointment bases

A summary is presented of the results of a study of the absorption of radioactive sodium iodide from 37 ointment bases of varying composition. Absorption from half of the bases was equally as good as from lard. The other half of the bases proved to be less efficient than lard from the point of view of absorption. The salt was most efficiently absorbed from wool fat. The white rat was used as the test animal.