Radio Location Station Research Articles

REALIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF DUAL USE OF OUTER SPACE CONTROL MEANS

Context. The radar means of outer space control are monofunctional systems, despite their potential multifunctionality. To ensure the effective implementation of target functions, only some of the total number of potential functions are used, other existing functions are not studied and as a result, don’t used. The target functions of most existing domestic and foreign radiolocation stations on space control RLS SC are practically reduced only to the control of space objects in different orbits. The obtained information is not fully used, so the new target doesn’t form. As the history of the development of defense complexes shows, in most industrialized countries there are examples of the use of military developments for civilian purposes (spin-off) and civilian developments for military purposes (spin-on). As a result of these synergy processes emphasis on the strategy of double technologies and double innovation increased. Objective. The aim of the work is to study the possibility of introducing an ionospheric channel into the domestic radar station 5N86 Dnipro (Hen House) and expanding its intended use by using most of its functional systems to implement the ionosphere control function. Method. The paper uses a comparative analysis of the main functional systems and technical characteristics of the 5N86 Dnipro radar and non-coherent scatter radars (PHR) of the global ionosphere control network. Results. The main characteristic features of the RLS 5N86 are analyzed and, taking into account the characteristics of the signals, the possibility of using the multifunctionality of the radar to form a new target function for monitoring outer space is substantiated. From an applied point of view, a number of specific scientific and practical solutions are given, aimed at the realization of dual-purpose technology in the implementation of the ionosphere control function by a radar station - both for solving the problems of increasing the own efficiency and for the interests of fundamental science. It is shown that the creation of new target RLS is based on both the use of already existing systems and the introduction of new ones. The importance of the scientific task on the implementation of the ionosphere control function and the possibility of integrating into the global ionosphere control network is substantiated. Conclusions. The presence of scientific and technical developments and the practical experience of the domestic RLS SC developer makes the new target function realization absolutely realistic. The implementation of the double-purpose technology will ensure an effective solution for both applied and fundamental scientific tasks.

THE CONCEPT OF DISRUPTING ANTI-RADIATION MISSILES IN A RADAR DECOY SYSTEM

The ongoing armed conflicts in the world today demonstrate the huge role of electronic reconnaissance, which is becoming one of the primary sources of data on the enemy and the area of operations. One of the tools of radioelectronic warfare, which includes electronic reconnaissance, are radiolocation stations, which play a key role in detecting, tracking and identifying enemy aircraft and in directing armaments to combat these threats. The enemy’s own radiolocation stations are also targeted. The missiles used to do this are called anti-radar missiles (ARM). One way to defend against them is to modify the electromagnetic field around the protected radar. The purpose of this article was to present a model of coherent interference of an anti-radiation missile in a radar trap system The authors applied an analysis of the available literature and carried out computer simulations in the MATLAB environment. In conclusion, the important role played by radar decoys on today’s battlefield was pointed out.

ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЙНИЙ ВИБІР НАВІГАЦІЙНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ, РОЗМІЩЕННИХ В ЗОНІ АТМОСФЕРНИХ УТВОРЕНЬ

The possibility of polarization selection implementation of the navigation objects located in the area of atmospheric formations by the ship single-position radiolocation station (radar) is considered. The polarization selection of the navigational objects located in the area of atmospheric formations is based on their different electro-physical parameters, which from them electromagnetic waves of different polarization. The process of the polarization selection is controlled by the appropriate choice of polarization, which irradiates the objects of the electromagnetic wave, given the actual Stokes parameters. The interference performance of the objects, observed by the ship’s radar, is represented by means of the Mueller matrices (i.e., dissociation), which have 16 coefficients. The determination of the matrix coefficients of the atmospheric formation dissociation is carried out by their differentiation or integration by the method of Pikar (i.e., the successive approximation). The coefficients of the atmospheric formation matrix are shown to be variable functions of time, endpoints for all values of the analyzed interval. The division of the time interval into segments, in which the coefficients of the matrix are considered constant, allows them to be calculated using Baker's formula. The practical implementation of the polarization selection of the navigation objects located in the zone of atmospheri formations, is based on the measurement of the coefficients of the dispersion matrix by the intermittent sampling of objects by non-polarized wave, double line wave, and circular polarization.

Influence of the Estimation Accuracy of the Frequency Characteristics of Radar Targets on the Results of the Geometric Shape Identification of Local Reflectors

This article discusses the issues of introducing broadband technologies to civil and special-purpose radar systems. The popularity of these technologies in terms of solving numerous practical problems determines the relevance of research related to a detailed analysis of long-range portraits of objects observed at a new qualitative level. Using the results of broadband radar sounding, this study analyzes the influence of the systematic error of the measuring channel on the reliability of the identification of the geometric shape of the local reflectors of observation objects. A broadband radar-measuring channel with a linear frequency modulation of the signal is created on the basis of the generalized heterodyning method. Then, a technique for compensating systematic measurement errors for a given type of channel is proposed using calibration spheres. The systematic error in measuring the frequency characteristics (FCs) of the sphere is estimated, and an error indicator for estimating the FCs of objects is proposed. Furthermore, the dependence of the statistical indicators of the identification results of the geometric shape of local reflectors on the specified indicator is presented. The possibility of identifying the geometric shape of local reflectors through the parameters of their FCs is confirmed experimentally. The results obtained can be used to assess the reliability of the identification of the geometric shape of local reflectors at the calibration stage of the measuring channel and to make a decision on the feasibility of implementing algorithms for the identification of the geometric shape of local reflectors on an existing radiolocation station.

Rationale for Selection of Non-Dominated Options for Pulsed Sources of Electromagnetic Energy

Основой электромагнитных боеприпасов является источник мощных электромагнитных импульсов. Современные системы генерации мощных электромагнитных излучений имеют энергетические возможности, которые обеспечивают выведение из строя радиоэлектронных средств на расстояниях от сотен метров до десятков километров.В настоящее время в связи с развитием высокоточных систем доставки излучателя мощных электромагнитных излучений появились новые возможности для электромагнитных боеприпасов, воздействующих на электронные устройства и средства связи противника. Электромагнитные боеприпасы относятся к боеприпасам избирательного действия, которые формируют мощные электромагнитные импульсы для функционального поражения (вывода из строя) чувствительных элементов радиоэлектронных средств, входящих в ракетные и авиационные комплексы. Ракетные и авиационные комплексы как основные ударные средства представляют собой совокупность разнородных типовых легкоуязвимых целей с элементами радиоэлектронных средств, к которым можно отнести пусковые установки с ракетами наземного и морского базирования, летательные аппараты (самолеты и вертолеты) на стоянках и палубах надводных кораблей, радиотехнические, навигационные радиолокационные станции, станции спутниковой системы связи, управления и др.В этом аспекте действие электромагнитных боеприпасов имеет важное военное значение, так как может привести к необратимому повреждению широкого спектра электрического и электронного оборудования вооружения и военной техники.Данная работа посвящена обоснованию и выбору недоминируемых вариантов импульсных источников электромагнитной энергии, которые потенциально могут быть использованы в качестве генераторов источников мощных электромагнитных импульсов.В статье рассмотрена модель согласования решений с использованием коэффициентов весомости показателей качества объектов на примере сравнения вариантов импульсных источников электромагнитной энергии.

System to Control the RF Receiver Noise Parameters of the Radiolocation Pre-Search Station P18 Laura

The article presents a measuring system that allows the noise parameters of the receiver of a radiolocation station to be controlled. The existing solutions of the radiolocation pre-search station P18 Laura control unit have been adapted to the system.

Parameter Evaluation of Filters for Formation the Plane Wave Front in Radiolocation Stations with Synthesized Aperture

The task of achieving the resolution in the bandwidth radar with the increased range synthesis aperture for the purpose of recognizing the targets is relevant at the present time, despite significant achievements in this topic. From the point of view of the recognition of objects to a certain type or class of distinction 0.2-0.3 meters is sufficient to solve this problem. However, the problem of obtaining ultra-distinction in a bandwidth radar station with the increased range synthesis aperture requires solving a number of issues, in particular the evaluation of filter parameters for the formation of a flat wave front in a radars with synthetic aperture. One of the solutions of this problem is the inclusion of additional algorithms for the reflected signal processing, which artificially forms a quasi-flat front of the sounding signal wave. In the current article, the question of the selection and evaluation of filter parameters for the formation of a flat wave front in a radar station with ultra-high resolution is being solved. In order to achieve this goal, the article proposes: - a step-by-step procedure for digital filters calculating; - estimation of the number of samples of digital filters with impulse characteristics of finite length in the channels and the observation band; - estimation of the number of samples of impulse characteristics of filters. For the formation of a quasi-flat wave front in a radar station with the increased range synthesis aperture it is necessary to use digital filters with impulse characteristics of finite length and linear phase characteristics in processing algorithms. From the point of view of obtaining minimal losses in the resolution of radar stations with a synthesized aperture along the traveling distance in the process of artificial formation of the flat front of the sounding signal wave, it is expedient to use Chebyshev approximation of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of optimal filters with a minimax error. The width of the transition band of such filters is much smaller than that of other optimal filters with the same values of the countdowns.

The analysis of optimal heat discard parameters in the combined cooling system of radio-electronic equipment

The paper presents the mathematical model of the combined cooling system and calculation methods of optimal heat discard parameters of radio-electronic equipment as compared to standard cooling methods in high-power radiolocation stations. The optimization problem is solved to determine the control actions: the flow rate of cooling air in the air cooling system and the coolant in the liquid cooling system. The total cooling costs are considered as the main function, they consist of the costs of the cooling air and coolant circulation and the costs of cooling the heat carriers themselves. Restrictions are the conditions of air and liquid cooling thermal balance and maintaining the set temperature in the space where the radio-electronic equipment operates. The optimization problem in a limited area is solved by the bitwise search method. Air and circulating fluid cooling is carried out in the devices with free cooling which are located outside the radio-electronic system. The parameters of thermal modes of operation of these devices are given in the form of tables which are processed by means of regression analysis methods to solve the optimization problem. The air cooling system uses heat pipes with radiators which ensure efficient removal and dissipation of heat. Heat removal from radiators occurs in the turbulent mode, as the analysis shows. In conclusion a comparative analysis of different types of cooling systems energy consumption is carried out, depending on the required heat power and outside air temperature.

Universal Library for Building Radar Operator Interface

The article contains the results of the development of a software library, used for building software interfaces for radars being developed in BMSTU Radioelectronic Technics Scientific and Research Institute. The library is a software application library written in C++ using Qt and OpenGL libraries. The article describes the requirements, that the library is supposed to meet, in particular — cross-platform capabilities and versatility of the solution. The data types, that library uses, are described. The description of theinterface elements developed is shown, and some pictures of their operation are given. The article shows the main interface elements used. They are: «Matrix» that shows twodimensional data, «Waterfall», that is used for time scanning of the parameter specified, and «Plan Position Indicator» that shows circular scan from surveillance radar without geometric distortions. The part «Library implementation» shows the example of radiolocation station interface, that was based on this library, used in the working model of ultrashortpulse radar. Some results of the operation of this interface are also shown. The experiment shows the system working with two people in the field. As people start to move, the system becomes capable of distinguishing moving targets and stationary surface. The article shows the system operation the same way as the system operator can see it through his interface. The conclusion contains brief results of the development, the sphere of application of the software, and the prospects of the further development of the library.

Digital model of radiolocation scattering by sea surface when it is probed by coastal radiolocation station

It is synthesized on a heuristic level a simplified variant of digital model of radiolocation scattering of a signal, when sea surface is probed. This model takes into account technical parameters and real geometric dimensions of coastal radiolocation station situation.

Computer Aided Design Of Radar System SpatialStructures

One of the most important problems that must be solved while planning the arrangement of radiolocation stations is that of placement in order to ensure the early detection of flying objects and to prevent work disturbances. Information about where to place a disturbance transmitter or a radio recognizing station in order to efficiently disturb the work of radio systems is crucial. Because of the special nature of radio wave propagation, the efficiency of disturbance or rather the efficiency of detection depends not only on the distance between the receiving station and the disturbance transmitter but also on the form and coverage of the surface on the propagation road. Research of various models of radio wave propagation has been conducted in the MUT. Such models are the main part of the software used to predict the useful and disturbance range of sources of electromagnetic radiation. Another important problem connected with the specification of the possibility of compatible functioning or proper disturbance is the necessity to have full information about the resistance of the device and various other types of emission on disturbance. 1 The procedure of calculating stations’ range The basic parameters, which are important while planning the arrangement of a radiolocation device, are the useful range and the disturbance range. In case of disturbance devices it is necessary to calculate the disturbance range, which sets the minimal distance between the station emitting the disturbance signal and the disturbed receiver. The distance should prevent the receiver from receiving the useful signal correctly. High Performance Structures and Materials II, C.A. Brebbia & W.P. De Wilde (Editors) © 2004 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-717-5 An important parameter used for calculating the disturbance range is the protection coefficient [4]. The idea of „quality criteria” is based on the existence of a specified limiting value of relation of the useful signal range to the disturbance range ( )P I S , which allows receiving the message correctly. The value of the coefficient depends on the kind of useful and disturbance signal and is a function of offset of the disturbance signal from the useful signal. An example of the course of the safety coefficient for a useful signal emitted by the aviation system RSBN and disturbance signal emitted by the base station of the GSM system is shown in following figure. -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -3 -2,4 -1,8 -1,2 -0,6 0 0,6 1,2 1,8 2,4 3 offset f [MHz] co ef fic ie nt p ro te ct iv e p

Es layer and dynamics of neutral atmosphere during the periods of geomagnetic disturbances

Analysis of geomagnetic activity influence on parameters of E sporadic layer for ionosphere sounding station Moscow (56 N, 37 E) and on dynamics of neutral wind in the upper mesosphere–lower thermosphere for meteor radiolocation station Kazan (56 N, 49 E) was conducted. Discovered regularities of E sporadic layer response on geomagnetic disturbances are explained by the direct change of neutral atmosphere dynamics during the geomagnetic disturbances.

Measurement of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the Skrunda radio location station, Latvia

This paper describes measurements of electromagnetic radiation intensity around the Skrunda Radio Location Station that were made in an attempt to provide the best possible data for biological effect studies, considering the available equipment and knowledge. The measured intensities fit expected patterns with distance from the source. The measured pulse intensities radiated by the Skrunda Radio Location Station (RLS) are considered to be more relevant for biologists. The variability of intensities is explained by radar mode, height and distance from source, and forest cover. While the pulse intensities are 50 times higher than allowed levels, the mean integrated intensities are lower than permitted.

Does the Skrunda Radio Location Station diminish the radial growth of pine trees?

The Skrunda Radio Location Station (RLS), which has operated continuously for more than 20 years, has created a unique area for the study of pulse radio-frequency electromagnetic field effects. Trees were chosen to assess these effects. Since 1990, permanent plots have been established in pine forest stands around the Skrunda RLS and in control areas. The dynamics of tree growth changes were analysed using retrospective tree ring data. There is a statistically significant ( P < 0.01) negative correlation between the relative additional increment in tree growth and the intensity of the electric field. The radial growth of pine trees has diminished in all plots that received electromagnetic radiation. This decrease in growth began after 1970, which coincided with the start of operation of the Skrunda RLS, and was subsequently observed throughout the period of study. The effects of many other environmental and anthropogenic factors were evaluated, but no significant effects on tree growth were observed.

Motor and psychological functions of school children living in the area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station in Latvia

This paper presents the results of experiments on school children living in the area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station (RLS) in Latvia. Motor function, memory and attention significantly differed between the exposed and control groups. Children living in front of the RLS had less developed memory and attention, their reaction time was slower and their neuromuscular apparatus endurance was decreased.

Divided broadside aerials with applications to 200-Mc/s ground radiolocation systems

Broadside arrays have found many interesting applications in the development of radiolocation, especially for wavelengths of about 1½ m. The present paper outlines some of the properties of such arrays, and shows how the choice of array is related to the operational requirements for some of the radiolocation stations designed for the R.A.F. Particular attention is given to the arrays used for low-flying cover on coastal sites, C.H.L., and those for the “ground control of interception”. G.C.I., and several arrays and associated feeder systems are described in detail.