Radical Scavenging Technique Research Articles

Synthesis, characterization, DFT computational studies and biological activity of transition metal complexes derived from 4-(((6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol

A series of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized with a benzothiazole azo dye containing tridentate (NNO) donor ligand 4-(((6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol derived from 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The structures of the novel ligand and metal complexes were identified and confirmed via various spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, UV-Vis, mass spectrometry), TGA-DTA, powder X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations. The optimal structural parameters and chemical reactivity of the ligand and metal complexes have been investigated using Density Functional Theory calculations (DFT/B3LYP,6-31G** and LanL2DZ basis sets) to provide insight about their frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP). In vitro DPPH radical scavenging techniques have been used to assess the antioxidant activity of the ligand and complexes, indicating good antioxidant activity. The Ni(II) complex was the most potent with the lowest IC50 values. The in vitro antibacterial activities have been explored by screening against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and bacteria (E. coli) exhibiting significant activity against the tested strains of bacteria with Zn(II) complex as most potent with the lowest MIC value against E. coli and B. subtilis) and highest zone of inhibition against E. coli and B. subtilis at 1000 μg/mL concentration). The antifungal activity of complexes against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans indicate that the Co(II) complex is most active for C. albicans and Zn(II) complex for A. niger .

A novel evaluation mode of Nao An Capsules using multi-wavelength fusion fingerprint combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker method and antioxidant activity

Nao An Capsules (NAC) are utilized in the acute phase of cerebral thrombosis and are appropriate for patients in the recovery stage exhibiting symptoms of qi deficiency and blood stasis. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of recent research on the overall quality control of NAC. The objective of this study is to establish a comprehensive quality control strategy for NAC. This article presents a methodology based on the average linear quantitative fingerprinting method (ALQFM) in conjunction with multi-wavelength high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fusion fingerprinting, quantized Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) spectral techniques to comprehensively evaluate NAC from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Subsequently, quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) method and the Standard Curve Method (SCM) were used to quantitatively determine 10 quality markers (Q-markers) in 22 batches of samples, with the results indicating that QAMS is a reliable method for quantifying active ingredients. Chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and principal component analysis (HCA) were also used to analyze the quality of samples. To achieve a thorough and methodical evaluation, a combined assessment of the three fingerprints was executed. Subsequently, an in vitro antioxidant activity experiment was performed utilizing the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging technique. By employing a partial least squares (PLS) model, the correlation between HPLC fingerprint chromatography and antioxidant activity was investigated. The study found that out of the 59 common peaks in the five-wavelength fusion fingerprint spectra of NAC, 33 peaks exhibit antioxidant activity. In this study, multi-wavelength fusion HPLC, quantized FT-IR and UV were jointly used to effectively identify functional groups and fingerprint information in compounds. It can fully and quickly obtain the fingerprint information of the compounds in the sample. NAC multi-components quantification and overall quality evaluation were performed using ALQFM and QAMS and chemometrics methods. We have developed a new approach for comprehensive, rapid, and cost-effective quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound preparations.

POTENSI SUN PROTECTOR FACTOR DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SEDIAAN GEL TABIR SURYA ESKTRAK ETANOL DAGING BUAH LABU KUNING (Cucurbita maxima)

Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is a botanical specimen classified within the Cucurbita genus of the Cucurbitaceae family, commonly utilized as a culinary component by the populace of Indonesia. The chemical constituents identified in pumpkins consist of polyphenols, exhibiting the potential to act as agents safeguarding against photodamage owing to their capacity to absorb ultraviolet radiation. The primary objective of this investigation is to establish the Sun Protector Factor (SPF) of sunscreen gels derived from the ethanol extract of pumpkin flesh, alongside evaluating its antioxidative properties. The research methodology employed for this purpose involves the DPPH free radical scavenging technique utilizing UV-Vis Spectrophotometry for quantitative assessments. The gel formulations were devised in three variations, denoted as formula I (15% concentration), formula II (20% concentration), and formula III (25% concentration), with Carbomer 940 serving as an additional ingredient for the base of the preparation. Results from the study indicate that the formulation yielding the highest SPF value was formula III, registering an SPF value of 7.521. Notably, formula III exhibited the most substantial antioxidative activity, positioning it within the moderate efficacy classification.

Synthesis, spectro-themal characterization, DFT calculations and biochemical evaluation of a newly synthesized tridentate Schiff base transition metal complexes

An appropriate conventional method has been utilised to synthesie new tridentate Schiff base ligand 4-chloro-2-((2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) complexes. Several spectroscopic(FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–Vis, Mass), TGA-DTA, powder X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations, were used to characterise these complexes. According to these spectroscopic investigations, the ligand coordinated with the metals via carboxylic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, and hydroxyl oxygen, acting as a tridentate ligand. Appropriate geometry for every complex has been proposed based on spectroscopic and analytical data. In tetrahedral geometry with Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and square planner with Cu(II) ion, the ligand functions as a tridentate via ONO donors. The optimal structure (bond length and bond angle) and chemical reactivity of the ligand and its metal complexes from their Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO) and Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) calculations have been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP,6-31G**/6-311G**(d,p), and LanL2DZ basis sets) calculations. In vitro DPPH radical scavenging techniques were used to assess the antioxidant activity of the ligand and its metal complexes. The results indicated that all of the complexes exhibited good antioxidant activity, with the Cu (II) complex being the most potent with the lowest IC50 values. The ligand and complexes in vitro antibacterial activities were further explored by screening them against Gram(+ve) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram(−ve) bacteria (E. coli). Significant activity was demonstrated by all synthesised compounds against the tested strains of bacteria. The antifungal activity of complexes against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans was determined. The results indicated that Cu(II) complex exhibited good antifungal activity against Candida albicans, but not against Aspergillus niger. The fungal strain Aspergillus niger was not significantly inhibited by complexes. The complexes have greater antimicrobial activity than the Schiff base ligand, as indicated by the MIC values.

Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Green Tea Available in Nepal

Green tea has gained popularity among consumers in recent years due to its several health benefits. It exhibits antioxidant properties, antidiabetic effects, and helpful to reduce cholesterol, stress, and anxiety. This study aims to identify the phytochemicals and assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic capacity of methanol extracts of green tea common in Nepal. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging technique, while the starch-iodine method was employed to measure the α-amylase inhibition capability. Phytochemical screening showed the abundance of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and carbohydrates in the tea. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 54.20 ± 1.41mg GAE/g and 91.0.50 mg QE/g respectively. The tea extract was found to show significant antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition capacities with half-maximal concentration (IC50) values of 53.79 ± 3.93 and 66.47 ± 1.94 μg/mL respectively. The outcomes of this study ratify the advantages of green tea in the management of various health issues associated to free radicals and hyperglycemia.

Ocimum sanctum-mediated co/cu/zn-doped magnesium oxide nanoparticles: Photocatalytic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties for environmental remediation

This research intends to formulate Ocimum sanctum mediated pure and transition metal (Co2+/Cu2+/Zn2+) doped magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs). The cubic structure of so synthesized MgO NPs was confirmed by XRD analysis. As per UV–visible spectral analysis, band gap (Eg) is tuned upon doping; doping with Co, Cu and Zn, their respective Eg are 1.65 eV, 1.96 eV and 3.66 eV in relation to MgO, Eg = 3.50 eV. The average particle size decreased from 17 nm for MgO NPs to 8–13 nm for doped MgO NPs, based on TEM analysis. EDX and XPS analysis verified the presence of Mg, O and dopants, Co, Cu and Zn in synthesized NPs. SEM investigations showed that NPs are agglomerated and spherical. Zn–MgO NPs outperform Co/Cu doped MgO NPs in their photocatalytic efficacy and comparative degradation of methyl orange (MO) and malachite green (MG) dyes confirmed that they are more efficient in degrading MG. Antibacterial investigation revealed that Cu and Zn doped MgO NPs are efficient antibacterial agents against B. subtilis and E. coli than MgO NPs. In this study, Co–MgO NPs were ineffective as antibacterial agents. S. aureus was found resistant to all NPs. Using the DPPH radical scavenging technique, these biosynthesized nanoparticles displayed 62–69 % antioxidant activity.

Design, synthesize, physicochemical characterization, nonlinear optical properties structural elucidation, biomedical studies, and DNA interaction of some new mixed ligand complexes incorporating 4,6‐dimethylpyrimidine derivative and imidazole ligand

This study was planned to prepare new mixed ligand chelates derived from N‐(4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐3a,4,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydro‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐amine (BIP), and imidazole (I). They identified through CHN study, spectroscopic (NMR, FT‐IR, and UV–Vis), conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, mass analysis, and thermal analysis. Correlation between all results exposed that the BIP ligand performed as a bi‐dentate ligand through NN donation locations, where the co‐ligand shows as N–H monodentate. The optimization for the studied chelates led to the formation of distorted octahedral geometry for BIPICu and BIPIVO chelates, distorted (tetrahedral and square planar) geometry for BIPIAg and BIPIPd chelates, respectively, around the metal salt. The B3LYP level, B3LYP/6‐311G** level for the free ligand, and B3LYP/6–311G**‐LANL2DZ functional level for the solid chelates were used in density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The findings showed that DFT calculations produce conclusions that are consistent with those of the experiments. The resulting compounds' nonlinear optical properties were examined by calculating the hyperpolarizability (β) and molecular polarizability (α) parameters, which gave rise to several unexpected optical properties for the synthesized compounds. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antimicrobial activity of the produced compounds was experimentally confirmed against a subset of G+ and G− bacteria. To ascertain how these substances attach to the targeted protein binding sites, a molecular docking mechanism between the microbially resistant chelates and their suppressed microbial protein pocket receptors was investigated. Also, DNA binding estimated for studied structures was tested by electronic absorption spectrum, viscosity estimation, and gel electrophoresis. Data proposed that all tested compounds link with DNA using an intercalation, electrostatic, and covalent binding mechanism. Moreover, antioxidant performance for studied compounds was governed by radical scavenging techniques in vitro. In addition, an MTT assay has been worked out to explore in vitro cytotoxic impending. All the tested chelates assumed antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant performances that cause them to suggest drugs.

Exploring the biomedical potential of chitosan‐ceria nanocomposites: synthesis and characterizations

The objective of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the biological effectiveness of cerium oxide (CeO2) against various bacterial and fungal strains. The chitosan‐CeO2 nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra displayed a combination of bands that provided evidence for the existence of a composite complex between the chitosan (CS) structure and the Ce–O bands originating from CeO2 nanoparticles. SEM measurements showed uniform dispersion across the whole CS surface, and the morphological changes were clearly observed as the CeO2 nanoparticle content was increased. In contrast, CS‐CeO2 demonstrates enhanced antibacterial efficacy against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens. The MTT method was utilized to assess the cytotoxicity of the examined CS‐CeO2, with the aim of evaluating the cell viability of various cancer cell lines under varying ultraviolet (UV) exposures. The enhanced penetration of CS and CeO2 nanocomposites into cancer cells during their anticancer activity, even in the absence of UV light, led to an increased rate of cell death. The administration of greater dosages of CS and its CeO2 nanocomposites led to an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was observed to be associated with an enhancement in the efficacy of anticancer activity. The impact was additionally amplified through exposure to UV radiation. The nanocomposite thin films demonstrated much higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical as compared to ordinary vitamin C. The aforementioned observation was derived from an evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the subject utilizing the DPPH free radical scavenging technique.

Phytochemical study of two plants: Calendula officinalis and Berberis vulgaris and evaluation of their antioxidant activities with DPPH test

Plants have been the basis of traditional medicine throughout the world and continue to provide new remedies for humanity, so a great effort has been made to use available experimental techniques to identify natural antioxidants from plants. Several authors have examined the beneficial uses of these plant species. In order to contribute to the valorization of the Algerian flora, we are interested in this study by phytochemical study of two plants of Calendula officinalis and Berberis vulgaris which are much used in the traditional medicine at the region of Djelfa and evaluate their antioxidant activity with the DPPH test. The qualitative phytochemical examination of Berberis vulgaris root showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes and reducing compounds in large quantities, and it also revealed lower amounts of coumarins, terpenoids, saponins and mucilage. Phytochemical studies of the dried petals of calendula officinalis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, Sterols and Triterpenes, and saponosides. The tests for flavonoids and coumarins were negative on our extract. The antioxidant activity of Berberis vulgaris root was measured by the DPPH free radical scavenging technique.

Proximate composition, mineral profiling and antioxidant potential in Moringa oleifera genotypes affected with leaf maturity stage

The study aimed to determine the effect of leaf maturity on nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, minerals and antioxidant activity in fourteen genotypes of Moringa oleifera grown in the subtropical climate of north-western India. Significantly (p≤0.01) high protein, fibre, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, tannins, saponins and almost all essential elements except Copper and Zinc were observed in the mature leaf stage. However, tender leaves were found the best for carbohydrates, sugars, phenols and flavonoids. The elevated antioxidant capacity shown by the Ferric-reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging techniques was directly correlated with the elevated phenolic compound concentration. Significantly higher protein and fibre were analyzed in S12; fats, carbohydrates and total energy in S14 genotype. Huge variations were observed for bioactive compounds and minerals. Among the genotypes assessed, S6 (tender leaves) and S2 (mature leaves) exhibited a more balanced nutritional profile. Thus, these findings confirm the relevance of nutritional quality of M. oleifera in assessing its suitability as a source of nutrients, antioxidants, bioactive ingredients and minerals, can provide a reference for growers to choose the best cultivar and judicious mixing of tender and mature leaves in certain proportions can produce raw materials for the production of value-added goods, and because of their possible immune-boosting effects, they may also contribute to giving health advantages and fortifying foods.

Biological Activities of Galanthus fosteri Extracts: First Demonstration of the Interaction between Chlorogenic Acid and DNA Ligase by Molecular Docking.

Within the Amaryllidaceae family, the bulbous plant species Galanthus fosteri (G. fosteri) belongs to the Galanthus genus. Alkaloids with a broad variety of biological functions are typically found in the flora of this family. The G. fosteri plant's organs' antioxidant activity, antibacterial impact, and antimicrobial qualities were examined in this study. Total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) of plant extracts were measured with spectrophotometric methods, and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging technique. The HPLC method was used to determine the phenolic compounds on a component basis. The antibacterial properties of the extracts were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration method against the pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Additionally, combination tests were performed between the extract and antibiotics. Leaf and stem extracts demonstrated greater antioxidant qualities than bulb extracts, despite the fact that extracts of plant organs did not exhibit appreciable levels of TPC, TFC, or antioxidant qualities. According to the HPLC analysis results, it was determined that chlorogenic acid was present in all of the extracts. In fact, it was determined that only chlorogenic acid was 8.02 (mg/10 g) in G. fosteri bulb peel, which has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. A molecular docking study has demonstrated for the first time that the antibacterial effect of chlorogenic acid might be due to DNA replication inhibition.

Evaluation of Bioactive Agents in Calotropis Procera Plant Parts Through Anti-Microbial, Proximate, and Antioxidant Studies.

Successive extraction of the aerial plant parts of Calotropis procera using soxhlet extraction yielded the phytochemicals; saponins, alkaloid, tannins, phenol, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and glycosides. Bioassay analysis using standard procedures like Mueller Hinton dilution experiment, demonstrated antibacterial potentials against microbes. E. coli, C. albicans, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and C. stellatoidea. 27 mm to 41 mm indicated zones of inhibition range. The MBC and MFC for all the microorganisms were at 25 mg/ml except for S. pyogenes which was at 12.5 mg/ml. The MIC for the most sensitive organisms was 12.5 mg/ml with the exception of P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes which had theirs at 6.25 mg/ml. Proximate analysis used standard AOAC method, and in antioxidant analysis, free radical scavenging method of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) were employed. The results are as follows, proximate analysis revealed the percentage contents of fat, crude fiber, protein, ash, and carbohydrates to be 2.93, 7.05, 1.68, 56.50, and 18.69, respectively. In the antioxidant studies, free radical scavenging technique employing 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) was used. Samples and standards were determined using the IC50. The active sample was hexane extract, with an IC50 of 0.0878, followed by ethyl acetate (0.8811) and methanol (0.9215).

Synthesis of thiazole derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant activity

In the present research, we synthesized two unique series of thiazole compounds having 5-bromothiophene and 3-methylthiophene (2a-2f) in their structure. After that, spectroscopic methods were used to analyze the chemical compositions of the newly synthesized molecules. Then in vitro evaluation was done to determine acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity of the synthesized compounds using galantamine as reference standard. The compounds’ antioxidant properties were assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous ion-chelating techniques. The results of the study showed weak anticholinesterase activity against AChE and BuChE enzymes for all the final compounds. The synthesized analogs also showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activities with IC50 values in the range of 29.16 ± 0.009 to 33.09 ± 0.004 µM (for DDPH) incomparison to standard gallic acid with IC50 = 31.13 ± 0.008 µM (for DDPH). Especially, compound 2c showed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 29.16 ± 0.009 µM.

A Comprehensive Study on Chemical and Biological Investigation of Thymus Brachychilus Jalas: A Rich Source of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids

The significance of Thymus species in the scientific community is growing steadily due to their extensive utilization in traditional medicine, food industry, and pharmaceutical sector, owing to their abundance in essential oil and phytochemical content, rendering them commercially significant species. The current work focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of the ethanol extract and essential oil derived from the root and aerial portions of Thymus brachychilus Jalas, an endemic species that has not been previously investigated. Additionally, a novel GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) technique was developed to quantify the levels of triterpenoids, which are frequently found in many plants, particularly those belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The approach was then used to assess the triterpenoid content of the species. While the phenolic content of the species was determined by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry), the chemical composition of triterpenoid, essential oil and flavor (aroma) of the plant was determined by GC-MS. Eucalyptol was the primary ingredient in both the essential oil and the flavor, accounting for 11.05% and 12.35%, respectively. In the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging techniques, the root ethanol extract exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 26.70 ± 0.23 and 19.16 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. There was a high level of urease (59.54 ± 1.67% at 100 µg/mL) inhibitory activity observed in the root ethanol extract in enzyme inhibition assays, as well as angiotensin (94.80 ± 0.56%), elastase (40.19 ± 0.39%), and collagenase (48.26 ± 0.12%) inhibition in the aerial ethanol extract. Moreover, the MCF-7 cell line for breast cancer had a strong cytotoxic impact when exposed to the essential oil of the species (vitality%: 1.45 ± 0.01 at 200 µg/mL. The LC-MS/MS and GC-MS studies revealed that the roots had a significant concentration of rosmarinic acid (15,801 µg analyte/g extract), but the aerial portions had a substantial quantity of ursolic acid (152,374 µg analyte/g extract). The plant exhibits potential in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors on account of its elevated levels of rosmarinic and ursolic acid, superior antioxidant capacity, and angiotensin and urease inhibitory effect.

Biosynthesis and evaluation of MnO2 nanoparticles as anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic agents

In vivo assessment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents in albino rats. MnO2NPs were synthesized by a green methodology using anise extract and then characterized using various diagnostic techniques, including UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of MnO2NPs were assessed by the free radical scavenging technique, and their efficacy as an anti-diabetic agent was examined in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The medication was administered orally. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity after treatment with MnO2NPs were also investigated.

Screening of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Properties of Juncus acutus from Northeastern Morocco.

Juncus acutus, acknowledged through its indigenous nomenclature "samar", is part of the Juncaceae taxonomic lineage, bearing considerable import as a botanical reservoir harboring conceivable therapeutic attributes. Its historical precedence in traditional curative methodologies for the alleviation of infections and inflammatory conditions is notable. In the purview of Eastern traditional medicine, Juncus species seeds find application for their remedial efficacy in addressing diarrhea, while the botanical fruits are subjected to infusion processes targeting the attenuation of symptoms associated with cold manifestations. The primary objective of this study was to unravel the phytochemical composition of distinct constituents within J. acutus, specifically leaves (JALE) and roots (JARE), originating from the indigenous expanse of the Nador region in northeastern Morocco. The extraction of plant constituents was executed utilizing an ethanol-based extraction protocol. The subsequent elucidation of chemical constituents embedded within the extracts was accomplished employing analytical techniques based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the purpose of in vitro antioxidant evaluation, a dual approach was adopted, encompassing the radical scavenging technique employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The acquired empirical data showcase substantial radical scavenging efficacy and pronounced relative antioxidant activity. Specifically, the DPPH and TAC methods yielded values of 483.45 ± 4.07 µg/mL and 54.59 ± 2.44 µg of ascorbic acid (AA)/mL, respectively, for the leaf extracts. Correspondingly, the root extracts demonstrated values of 297.03 ± 43.3 µg/mL and 65.615 ± 0.54 µg of AA/mL for the DPPH and TAC methods. In the realm of antimicrobial evaluation, the assessment of effects was undertaken through the agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration were determined for each extract. The inhibitory influence of the ethanol extracts was observed across bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with the notable exception of Escherichia coli. However, fungal strains such as Candida glabrata and Rhodotorula glutinis exhibited comparatively lower resistance, whereas Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum exhibited heightened resistance, evincing negligible antifungal activity. An anticipatory computational assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters was conducted, complemented by the application of the Pro-tox II web tool to delineate the potential toxicity profile of compounds intrinsic to the studied extracts. The culmination of these endeavors underpins the conceivable prospects of the investigated extracts as promising candidates for oral medicinal applications.

Phytochemical profile, assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils of Artemisia herba-alba Asso., and Artemisia dracunculus L.: Experimental and computational approaches

Artemisia herba alba and Artemisia dracunculus are widely used in folk medicine by many ethnic groups to relieve and treat various ailments, including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. The current investigation aims to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial, anticandidal and antioxidant activities of Moroccan A. herba alba and A. dracunculus essential oils (EOs). Antioxidant activity was carried out using four complementary assays, namely ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging techniques, ferric-reducing power (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation tests. The antimicrobial potential of A. herba-alba and A. dracunculus EOs was examined against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The results demonstrated that the A. herba-alba and A. dracunculus EOs exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against all tested microorganisms using disk-diffusion method and were competitor to the examined antibiotics, demonstrating a maximum inhibition diameter of the Gram-positive bacteria. The most susceptible was B. cereus (31.33 ± 4.04 mm), and the most susceptible Gram-negative bacteria was K. aerogenes (19.79 ± 1.53 mm), and C. tropicalis was the most susceptible Candida spp. to A. herba alba EOs (27.00 ± 0.66 mm). The MIC, MBC, and MFC values indicate that these EOs were highly effective at minimal concentrations. However, toxicological assessment, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic investigations are necessary to confirm the safety and the beneficial effects of these oils in human healthcare and industrial applications as potential sources of natural antioxidants and preservative agents.

"Essential oil Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Jatropha tanjorensis (Euphorbiaceae)"

Background: Jatropha tanjorensis (Euphorbiaceae) leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and also, possess antibacterial potential. The chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the oil were investigated. The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydro-distillation method and characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was investigated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging technique and antibacterial activity of the volatile oil was evaluated against 6 strains of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi, using broth dilution method.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Syzygium Aromaticum Capparis Spinosa, and Some Novel Acylselenourea and Acylthourea Derivatives

This study aims to tested the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of two different plant extracts which were Syzygium aromaticum and Capparis spinosa, and five novel derivatives, i.e. [4-Nitro-N-((4-(N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) carbamoselenoyl) Benz amide (1), 4-Methyl-N-((4-(N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) carbamoselenoyl) Benz amide (2), 4-Methyl-N-((4-(N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) sulfamoyl phenyl) carbamothioyl) Benz amide (3), 4-Nitro-N-((4-nitrophenyl) carbamo selenoyl) Benz amide (4), N-(2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-1-carbonoselenoyl)-nitrobenzamide (5)] in six concentrations:1,5, 10,25, 50, and 100 ug/ml of plant extracts and in three concentrations. 500,750 ,1000ug/ml of novel synthesis compounds on gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The antibacterial activity was evaluated with antibiotics susceptible and resistant to microorganisms. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging technique was used to assess antioxidant activity. The findings showed that Syzygium aromaticum extract and synthesis compound 3 were more effective against Escherichia coli bacteria and less effective against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, whereas Capparis spinosa extract and synthesis compounds (1, 2, 4, and 5) were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and less effective against Escherichia coli bacteria. The oxidation of the synthesis compounds (1, 2, and 3) is effective at concentrations of 500, 750, and 1000 and ineffective at concentrations of 50, 100, and 250, while compound 4 is effective at concentrations of 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 and ineffective at concentrations of 50 only. Compound 5 was effective at all concentrations.

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Medicinal plants are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-hemolytic activity of 15 plants of ethnopharmacological use in Mexico. For this, plant methanol extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet method, after which their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) and monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assay. The selectivity index (SI) of each extract was then determined by the IC50 ratio of normal to tumor cells. We showed that Ruta chalepensis extract possessed an IC50 of 1.79 µg/mL and 522.08 µg/mL against HEP-G2 and Vero cells, respectively, resulting in an SI of 291.50. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique, where the best antioxidant potential was shown by the Heterotheca inuloides extract (IC50 = 19.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hemolytic potential was determined against human erythrocytes, which showed that the extracts with the highest anti-hemolytic activity were Smilax aspera (IC50 = 4.41 µg/mL) and Amphipterygium adstringens (IC50 = 5.35 µg/mL). In conclusion, we observed that R. chalepensis methanol extract possesses cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cells, without affecting non-tumorigenic Vero cells. Our results indicated the antitumor potential of medicinal plants used in Mexico.