Radical Scavenging Activity Of Extracts Research Articles

Does the Invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum Influence Other Species by Allelopathy?

Heracleum mantegazzianum is an invasive species in middle Europe. The mode of action of its invasiveness is still not known. Our study focuses on observation of potential allelopathic influence by the production and release of phytochemicals into its environment. Plant material was collected four times within one season (April, May, June, July 2019) at locality Lekárovce (eastern Slovakia) for comparison of differences in composition and potential allelopathy. Water extracts from collected samples were used for different biological assays. The total phenols and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically. The profile and content of phenolic components, including coumarins, were determined by two techniques of liquid chromatography along with in vitro evaluation of the free radical scavenging activity of extracts (DPPH, Hydroxyl, Superoxide, and FRAP). The changes in composition in extracts in different seasonal periods were evident as well as potential phytotoxic activity in some concentrations on specific model plants. The slight antioxidant activity was noted. The invasiveness of the current species could be supported by the excretion of its phytochemicals into its surroundings and by different modes of action influencing living organisms in its environment.

저온 저장 후지 사과의 과피와 과육 중 파이토케미컬 함량의 상관관계

This study determined the relationships between the total anthocyanin content in apple skin and the total polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and soluble solids contents in the flesh of cold-stored Fuji apples. Total anthocyanin content in apple skin ranged from 0.130±0.005 mg CE/g fw to 0.262±0.028 mg CE/g fw, and the overall average was 0.200±0.008 mg CE/g fw. The total polyphenolic compounds in the flesh was ranged from a 4.283±0.141 mM GAE/g fw to 8.207±0.234 mM GAE/g fw, and the average content was 6.275±0.177 mM GAE/g fw. The total flavonoid content ranged from 4.510±0.080 mM QE/g fw to 2.467±0.458 mM QE/g fw, and the average total flavonoid content was about 3.586 mM QE/g fw. The total proanthocyanidin content was relatively high, ranging from 3.475±0.577 mM EE/g fw to 6.816±0.277 mM EE/g fw, and the soluble solid in the flesh was about 12 °Brix to 14 °Brix. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of extracts from apple flesh ranged from 66.36% to 94.99%, and the ascorbate equivalent concentration was 0.482 mM. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was 99.12% to 99.9%, indicating a higher inhibitory activity than the DPPH inhibitory activity, and the ascorbate equivalent concentration was 0.486 mM. The correlation between the total anthocyanin and total polyphenolic compounds was y = 15.192x + 3.2169 (R2=0.2748), but the concentration of total polyphenolic compounds increased when the total anthocyanin content was increased. The correlation equation of total anthocyanin with total flavonoids was y = 15.18x + 0.5555 (R2=0.6226), with total proanthocyanin was y = 14.918x + 2.3422 (R2=0.3372), and with soluble solid was y = 10.558x + 11.126 (R2=0.1925), indicating that the correlation of total anthocyanin with total flavonoid was higher than that with soluble solid.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity of selected methanolic plant extracts and their detoxification capabilities against AFB1 toxicity

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced principally by Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus. It is one of the most potent and commonly occurring dietary carcinogen with its carcinogenic potential being linked to the formation of DNA adducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plant extracts contain a plethora of biologically active phytochemicals that act against ROS. This study aimed to assess the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of some medicinal plants and investigate their detoxification potentials against AFB1. Phytochemical screening together with total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+)) assays) were performed on nine methanolic plant extracts. Extracts were incubated with AFB1 for 24 and 48 h and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis done to assess their AFB1 detoxification activities. The TPC of the extracts ranged from 88.92 ± 6.54 to 210.19 ± 7.90 mg GAE/g, while TFC ranged between 4.01 ± 0.94 and 32.48 ± 1.02 mg QE/g. Radical scavenging activities of extracts varied from 4.18 ± 1.37 to 251.53 ± 9.30 μg/mL and 8.36 ± 1.65 to 279.22 ± 8.33 μg/mL based on DPPH and ABTS+ assays, respectively. Six of the plant extracts showed a time-dependent detoxification activity against AFB1 after 48 h ranging from 20.17 to 38.13 %. C. dentata bark extract showed the highest percentage of AFB1 reduction, with mean percentages of 43.57 and 70.96 % at 24 and 48 h, respectively. This was followed by C. asiatica leaves and A. melegueta seeds with a maximum of 40.81 and 38.13 %, respectively after 48 h. These extracts also possessed high TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities compared to all the other extracts. Findings from this study demonstrate the abundance of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity playing a role in potent AFB1 detoxification activity.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND INVITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF Ficus platyphylla LEAVES (MORACEAE)

The demand for plant-based antioxidants is expanding rapidly due to their effectiveness and accessibility. This study examined the phytochemical constituent and in vitro free radical scavenging activities of Methanol extract and fractions of Ficus platyphylla leaves. Standard known methods were used to determine the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents and free radical scavenging activities of the extract and fractions of the plant dried leaves. Methanol extraction produced a yield of 12.64%. Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids in the extract and all but chloroform fraction. Flavonoids and steroids were present in all except n-Butanol fraction. Saponins were detected in only methanol extract and n-Butanol fraction while terpenoids were not present in n-Hexane, chloroform and n-Butanol fractions. Anthraquinones, coumarins, quinones and xanthoproteins were not confirmed in all fractions and extract. Quantitative analyses revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the contents of the total phenolics and total flavonoids in the fractions when compared to the methanol extract. The leaf extract and fraction's ability to scavenge free radicals against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) demonstrated a concentration-dependent percentage inhibition. However, the methanol extract, n-Butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were most effective of all the fractions. This study has demonstrated the different fractions and methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla leaves can explored in the management of oxidative stress related complications in mammals.

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of two varieties of ginger and garlic

There is limited information on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of ginger and garlic consumed in Uganda. This could have an impact on its widespread use and industrial application. Thus, this study was done to determine the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of two varieties of ginger and garlic commonly consumed in Uganda. Fresh ginger rhizomes and garlic cloves of "local" and "hybrid" varieties were acquired from a local food market, washed, grated, and extracted using acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water. Standard techniques were used to determine the phytochemical composition. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride assays, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Ginger extracts exhibited significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content compared to garlic (p˂0.05). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was in ethanol and methanol extracts of local ginger: 1968.49 and 2172.65 mg GAE/100 g; 254.24 and 184.62 mg QE/100 g, respectively. Tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids were in varying concentrations in the extracts. Levels of Vitamin C were significantly high in aqueous extracts (p˂0.05), 38.34 and 40.80 AAE/100 g in local and hybrid ginger; 33.65 and 35.24 mg AAE/100 g in local and hybrid garlic, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of extracts varied depending on concentration, with a strong positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 0.16 to 8.93 mg/ml in local ginger, 4.43–6.44 mg/ml in hybrid ginger, 3.93–5.64 mg/ml in local garlic, and 4.44–5.27 mg/ml in hybrid garlic. The best antioxidant activity was exhibited by ethanol extracts of the local ginger. According to the findings, the two varieties of ginger and garlic have strong antioxidant activity due to their different phytochemical compositions, which could make them useful as natural antioxidants in food and medicine applications.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of freeze-dried banana and watermelon peel powders

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of banana and watermelon peels. The freeze-dried peels were extracted using aqueous methanol, ethanol, acetone and water. The solvent: water ratios for banana and watermelon peels were 80:20 and 70:30, respectively. The total phenolic contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of extracts were determined. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. The total phenolic content extracting efficiencies of solvents were in order methanol > acetone > ethanol for banana peel, while those were acetone > methanol > ethanol > water for watermelon peel. The highest total phenolic content was in the methanolic extract of banana peel (49.21 mg GAE/g DW), while it was in the acetone extract of watermelon peel (13.48 m GAE/g DW). DPPH radical scavenging activities of banana and watermelon peel extracts were 34.78–50% and 30.33–50.89 %, respectively. Bacillus cereus was sensitive to all extracts of both fruit peels. None of the banana peel extracts inhibited Listeria monocytogenes. Salmonella serotypes were resistant to all watermelon peel extracts. The other bacterial strains were sensitive to at least one of the extracts, with inhibition zones ranging from 8 to 23 mm. From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the freeze-dried banana and watermelon peels have the potential to be sources of bioactive compounds. However, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity levels strongly depend on the solvent type.

Chemical characterization and toxicity evaluation of fungal pigments for potential application in food, phamarceutical and agricultural industries

Concerns associated with the use of synthetic colourants backs the demand for natural colourants. Thus, the current study aimed at characterizing crude fungal pigments produced by Penicillium multicolour, P. canescens, Talaromyces verruculosus, Fusarium solani and P. herquie. This included their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties together with acute toxicity evaluation on zebrafish embryos. The identification of pigment compounds was achieved through MS and IR data. The study demonstrated a substantial radical scavenging activity of extracts ranging from 65.49 to 74.46%, close to that of ascorbic acid (89.21%). Penicillium canescens and F. solani exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus aerogenes and Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus at MIC values ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mg/mL. However, some levels of toxicity were observed for all extracts at a concentration range of 3–5 mg/mL. Pigment by P. multicolour, T. verruculosus and F. solani were tentatively identified through IR and MS data as sclerotiorin (yellow), rubropunctamine (red) and bostrycoidin (red). In conclusion, the study demonstrates a market potential of filamentous fungi pigments due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and prominent colours. Although there are some toxicity concerns, further tests must be done using molecular docking, albino mice and cell linings.

떡 재료 식물인 떡쑥, 모시, 쑥 및 절굿대 추출물의 생리활성 효과

This study investigated the physiological activity of cottonweed, ramie, mugwort, and globe thistle as material for making Tteok and determined the total phenolic compound and flavonoid contents, and the DPPH and nitrite radical scavenging activities using different extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, and methanol). The amount of total phenolic compounds in the mugwort material increased from 61.0-214.2 mg/L at a concentration of 1,000 mg/L irrespective of the standard substance and extraction method. The total content of flavonoids was the highest in mugwort compared to the other Tteok materials and the extraction methods of hot water, methanol, and ethanol resulted in 29.1, 17.2, and 13.8 mg/L flavonoid content, respectively. At the extracting concentration of 1,000 mg/L, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts from globe thistle, cotton weed, and mugwort was not significantly different at 76.7-77.0 mg/L, while ramie showed the lowest activity at 70.7 mg/L. When the extracting concentration was 1,000 mg/L, the nitrite radical scavenging activity of hot water and ethanol mugwort extracts increased the most by 25.8% and 29.0%, respectively. However, that of the methanol extract of globe thistle decreased by 21.0%. These results suggest that making Tteok by use may provide useful information.

Identification of chemical families and radical scavenging activity of extracts from plant organs of oncoba welwitschii (Oliv.)

Identification of chemical families and radical scavenging activity of extracts from plant organs of oncoba welwitschii (Oliv.)

Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity, Radical Scavenging Activity and Fatty Acid Composition of Ultrasonic Assisted Ethanolic Extraction of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Grains

Bu çalışmada yulaf tanelerinin ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen ekstraktların toplam antioksidan kapasitesi, serbest radikal süpürme aktivetisinin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra yulaf ekstraktının yağ asidi profili ve toplam tokoferol içeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, bakır iyonları (Cu2+) azaltıcı antioksidan güç testi (CUPRAC) metoduna göre yulaf taneleri ekstraktlarının toplam antioksidan kapasitesi belirlendi. Aynı zamanda, 1,1-difenil-2-pikril-hidrazil (DPPH•) yöntemine göre yulaf ekstraktlarının radikal süpürme kapasitesi araştırıldı. Yulaf ekstraktının yağ asidi komposizyonu GC-FID analizlerine göre belirlendi. Toplam tokoferol içeriği ise spektrofotometrik olarak belirlendi. Yulaf taneleri ekstraktının CUPRAC metoduna göre toplam antioksidan kapasitesi 1.5 ± 0.03 mmol TR /100g-yulaf taneleri ekstraktı olarak hesaplandı. Yulaf ekstraktının DPPH• radikali süpürme aktivitesi ise 2.02 ± 0.01 mmol TR /100 g – yulaf ekstraktı olarak hesaplandı. Yulaf özleri, güçlü antioksidan ve radikal süpürme yeteneği sergiledi. GC-FID sonuçları yulaf ekstraktının doymamış yağ asitlerince zengin olduğunu (Oleik asit, %43; Linoleik asit, %34) ortaya çıkardı. Yulaf taneleri ekstraktlarının toplam tokoferol içeriği ise 1376.3 ± 16 mg/kg-yulaf ekstrakt olarak bulundu.

Antimicrobial Capacity, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Extract from the Leaf of Erigeron floribundus

Fresh leaves of Erigeron floribundus were obtained, and its ethanolic extract was assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant-free radical scavenging activity as well as phytochemical constituents. Hemolytic activities were also screened to know whether the extract will lyse the blood agar. Six pathogenic bacteria; the gram-positive, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium species, Staphylococcus aureus, and the gram-negative: Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, were screened for susceptibilities to the antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract. Five fungi, Yeast, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were also screened for antifungal properties of the extract. The result indicated that the plant extract showed antimicrobial action but to a varying degree. The extract was screened for its antioxidant property and free radical scavenging capacity. The result indicated that it has high activity in reducing iron chloride solution and high activity in (DPPH) radicals scavenging test. The phytochemical screening of the extracts showed some bioactive ingredient of pharmacological importance like Tannin, Cardiaglycosides, and Saponin. Hemolytic assay of the extract showed that it could lyse blood cells.

Effects of extraction technology on bioactivities from polysaccharide-richGanoderma lucidum

In this study, the polysaccharide-riched extract from Ganoderma lucidum was obtained by different extraction methods including hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction (UHWE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and ultrasonic-assisted enzyme extraction (UAEE). The total polysaccharide content in UAEE (3.721±0.134%) was higher than HWE (1.783±0.156%), UHWE (1.886±0.148%), and EAE (2.133±0.139%). The G. lucidum extract was then evaluated for antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The antibacterial activity was assessed via half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract from UAEE was 42.334%, while the result obtained from FRAP shows much better than HWE, UHWE, and EAE methods. Furthermore, G. lucidum extracted by UAEE showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus with IC50 in the range of 0.069-0.096 g/ml.

Pengaruh Variasi Media Pertumbuhan terhadap Aktivitas Peredaman Radikal Bebas DPPH Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Isolat Cb.D1

Endophytic fungi are a source of antioxidant compounds in nature. The low yield of extracts and active compounds produced is one of the limiting factors for using endophytic fungi as a source of natural antioxidant compounds. Modification of growth media is an alternative solution to overcome this problem. This study aimed to determine the effect of media conditions, belonging to carbon and nitrogen sources and different initial pH of fermentation, on the antioxidant through DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract of endophytic fungi Cb.D1 isolated from cinnamon plant leaves. The culture was propagated using Czapek Dox Broth basal liquid medium with agitation speed 120 rpm at room temperature for 14 days. The carbon sources used were glucose, sucrose, and soluble starch. The nitrogen sources were natrium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and yeast extract. The initial pH conditions used were 5, 7, and 9, and ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent. The results obtained that the variation of nitrogen and carbon sources and also initial pH conditions can increase the yield of extract of endophytic fungi Cb.D1. Glucose, yeast extract, and initial pH at 9 were the best growth media to gain it. The substitution of nitrogen sources and initial pH can increase the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of endophytic fungal extract compared to substitution for carbon sources. The highest activity from the Cb.D1 endophytic fungal extract was obtained from media that contain sucrose and natrium nitrate as a carbon and nitrogen sources and an initial pH of 5. The Variation of growth media of endophytic fungi Cb.D1 affected their extract in DPPH free radical scavenging activity.

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SOME SPECIES OF $ARTEMISIA$ GENUS, REPRESENTED IN ARMENIAN FLORA

Plants are valuable sources of antioxidants, which could have beneficial effect on human health. In this respect flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds have gained the greatest attention. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antiradical activity of different extracts (ethanol, hexane, acetone, chlorophorm and methanol) of Artemisia vulgaris L., A. fragrans Willd., A. absinthium L. and A. splendens Willd., represented in Armenian flora. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to measure the radical scavenging activity of extracts obtained from Artemisia species. A. fragrans methanol and chlorophorm extracts possess the highest antiradical activity with IC50 value of 87 µg/mL and 98 µg/mL, respectively. The total flavonoid content in plant extracts was determined employing AlCl3 colorimetric assay. The content of total flavonoid compounds of A. fragrans methanol extract was 15.3±0.3 μg QE/mg. The Folin–Ciocalteu assay was used to determine the total phenolic content of studied extracts. The contents of total phenolic compounds of A. fragrans chlorophorm and methanol extracts were 55.9±1.7 μg and 87.3±1.8 μg of GAE/mg, respectively. In the other cases this parameter value was lower than 40 μg of GAE/mg indicated.

Medicinal benefits of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) for human health

Melissa officinalis L, also known as lemon balm, bee balm, honey balm, is a perennial herb. Lemon balm occurs naturally in sandy and scrubby areas but also grown on damp wasteland, at elevations ranging from sea level to the mountains. Melissa officinalis is cost-effective, and compared with the economic indicators of traditional crops grown on fertilized land; this herb provides much higher profits. The leaf of Melissa officinalis contains flavonoids (quercitrin, rhamnocitrin, luteolin), polyphenolic compounds (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid), monoterpenoid aldehyde, monoterpene glycosides, triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acids), sesquiterpenes, tannins, and essential oils (citral). Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and of rosmarinic acid of this plant were evaluated and were confirmed. The essential oil of Melissa officinalis L was shown to have anti-inflammatory activities, in treating various diseases associated with inflammation and pain. Melissa officinalis L relieves stress-related effects. Extract have the potential to prevent oxidative damage by preventing free radical– mediated oxidative stress. Melissa officinalis showed strong reducing power and exhibited a significant inhibition of deoxyribose degradation. The high phenolic content and radical scavenging activities of extracts of Melissa officinalis L was confirmed.

Analysis of phytochemical profile, ferric reducing power, H2O2 scavenging activity and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of extracts from aerial parts of <em>Pseudognaphalium undulatum</em>

In this study, the antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanolic extracts of Pseudognaphalium undulatum (L.) Hillard & B.L Burtt were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assay, ferric reducing power assay and standard analytical methods. Out of nine phytochemical classes determined, the DCM extract showed the presence of 33.3% of them while the methanolic extract showed the presence of 88.9%. The extracts showed significant antioxidant properties of which the methanolic extract showed the DPPH and H2O2 IC50 values of 706.38 and <50 µg/ml, respectively. Similarly, the methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 213.03±0.82 mg GAE/g DW and 43.81±0.93 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The ferric reducing powers of both extracts showed a linear correlation with the ascorbate standard. Further studies such as bio-guided fractionation are required to explore in depth the pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties of pure compounds from this plant.

Free Radical Scavenging Activity of extract and fraction of Okra seeds determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) method

Introduction: Okra, which belong to Malvaceae family, is well known used as a food ingredient due to its high fiber content. Objective: In this study, the antiradical strength of okra seed extracts and fractions was investigated. Methodology: Okra seeds were dried and macerated with ethanol. Further, it is fractionated by different solvents based on the level of polarity from the non-polar to the polar, including n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. The extracts and fractions were then tested for antiradical strength using DPPH and analysis of phenolic and flavonoid contents were performed. Results: Ethanol extract and fractions of okra seeds showed very strong free antiradical activity, and ethyl acetate fraction being strongest fraction with IC50 value of 10.097±0.074µg/mL. Meanwhile, the phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate fraction were the highest among other fractions with the values of 61.412±0.196 EAG and 97.933±0.222 EQ, respectively, with correlation values (R2) 0.9281 (phenolic) and 0.6229 (Flavonoids). Conclusion: Extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Okra seed had good radical inhibition properties, which indicated its potential for further development assays.

Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Lathyrus Taxa Distributed in Burdur-Isparta Regio

Radical scavenging activity of the extracts of Lathyrus aphaca L. var. pseudoaphaca (Boiss.) Davis, L. aureus (Stev.) Brandza, L. cicera L., L. sphaericus Retz., L. digitatus (Bieb.) Fiori in Fiori &amp;amp; Paol. and L. setifolius L. taxa distributed in Burdur-Isparta regio was determined. Methanol extracts of air dried aerial parts and the seeds of the plants were dissolved in water and chlorophylls and lipophilic compounds were removed from the aqueous extracts. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the plants were tested. Gallic acid equivalent total phenolic contents of the plant extracts were also detected using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. According to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity test, the highest antioxidant activity was found in aerial parts of L. aphaca var. pseudoaphaca and highest total phenolic content was found as gallic acid equivalent in L. sphaericus seed extracts.

Phytochemical and In-vitro Antioxidants Potential of Aristolochia Bracteolata Root Extract

The study investigated the phytochemical and in-vitro antioxidants potential of Aristolochia bracteolata root extracts. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extract and fractions were carried out. The total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of extract and fractions were measured by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, FRAP and TBARS methods. Results obtained showed that total saponins (10.10 ± 0.05d) as well as antioxidant activity were found to be significantly (p&lt; 0.05) higher in the methanol extract compared to the fractions. From the findings above, Aristolochia bracteolata root contains bioactive phytochemicals that might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stresses.

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging activity of extracts from roots and leaves of Searsia burchellii

Searsia burchellii finds therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. Methanolic extracts, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol/water fractions of methanolic extracts and water extracts were obtained separately from the roots and leaves of Searsia burchellii by the combination of maceration, hot solvent extraction and solvent-solvent partition techniques. These extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging assay (DPPH). The extracts from roots and their fractions showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 6.60±4.50 to 63.27±1.93% at various concentrations. Similarly, the extracts from leaves and their fractions showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 3.32±0.95 to 64.91±0.15% at various concentrations. Ascorbic acid served as positive control which showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 53.62±2.80 to 60.82±0.62% at various concentrations. The IC50 values of these extracts and fractions were found to be &lt; 200 to &gt; 3000 µg/mL. The IC50 value of ascorbic acid was found to be &lt;200 µg/mL. From this study, we concluded that extracts and their fractions from S. burchellii showed promising radical scavenging activity.