Radical Invention Research Articles

The effects of individual-level espoused national cultural values on the willingness to use Bitcoin-like blockchain currencies

Some have called bitcoin a real bubble, while, according to others, it is the most radical invention of the twenty-first century. Nevertheless, there is a consensus regarding the disruptive potential of blockchain technology, which is the basis of bitcoin and other similar cryptocurrencies. As the interest in these digital currencies is growing, many vendors around the globe now accept payments in blockchain-based currencies. However, not much is known about how individuals around the world would react to using blockchain-based currencies as spending currencies. Given the global reach of these currencies, in this study, we explore the role of national cultural values in influencing individuals’ willingness to use blockchain-based currencies. To do so, we collected survey data from the U.S. and India. We found that national cultural values (collectivism, power distance, masculinism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation) significantly affect blockchain-based currency usage.

The division of labour between academia and industry for the generation of radical inventions

The paper investigates the relationship between public research and radical technological development. This study draws on the theory of recombinant innovation and builds on two newly developed indicators of novelty that proxy different forms of radicalness, to analyse UK patents filed at the European Patent Office. It assesses whether the proximity of the invention to public research is related to a higher probability of the invention being radical. The results show that, depending on the type of novelty embodied by the radical invention (novelty in recombination or novelty in technological origin), different forms of public research output (proprietary output or open science) relate to the radicalness of invention in different ways. Moreover, these relationships are highly heterogeneous among technological sectors, and most of the proximity between codified public research and radical inventions occurs in the chemistry technology field. We provide some implications for policy.

Coping with friction during technology commercialisation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to move forward the understanding of sociomaterial and processual aspects of innovation by describing and analysing actors’ disalignment processes regarding what resources to provide and strategies for resolution of disalignments during technology commercialisation.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a longitudinal qualitative empirical case study depicting the commercialisation journey of a radical invention, intelligent paper, between the years of 1997 and 2009. The invention concerns cost-effective, high-volume and roll-to-roll production of printable optics and electronics enabling novel, intelligent functionalities on printed matter.FindingsThe study identifies three technology commercialisation phases which involve both destructive and constructive situations of disalignment, namely, actors’ multiplexity, punctualised actor roles and “not-programmatic” behaviours. Several strategies are utilised to resolve these, including seduction, pressuring, the introduction of new critical actors, organisational restructurings, selective silencing, career development opportunities, and joint technology development and commercialisation work.Research limitations/implicationsThe chosen methodology excludes investigating actors’ micro-processes during technology commercialisation and the generalisability of the findings.Originality/valueThe study develops the understanding of the changing, multiplex and negotiated actors’ roles as well as their disalignment regarding what resources to provide during technology commercialisation. It complements perspectives of friction in innovation making and challenges the established industrial marketing and purchasing research of stable industrial networks by presenting a case in which a radical invention results in a new business network.

Motivation and Ability in Incumbentss Pursuit of Radical Technologies: The Effect of Performance Above and Below Aspiration in Multi-Technology Firms

We examine the role of incumbent firms in developing radical technologies, distinguishing between their motivation and ability to develop radical inventions. We argue that the motivation to pursue radical invention will be strongest when performance is moderately below aspiration, and will weaken as performance either falls substantially below aspiration or rises substantially above aspiration. At the same time, ability will increase with performance, resulting in a behavioral mismatch between ability and motivation – firms overinvest in radical invention when performance is moderately below aspiration and underinvest when performance is substantially above aspiration, with these effects being stronger for multi-technology firms. We show empirical support for our arguments using patent data, adopting a novel empirical approach that distinguishes the potential radicalness of an invention from its eventual success. Our study highlights the role of established firms as a source of radical invention, and examines the behavioral biases that may limit firms from pursuing competence-enhancing radical technologies.

Motivation and Ability? A Behavioral Perspective on the Pursuit of Radical Invention in Multi-Technology Incumbents

We examine the role of incumbent firms in developing radical technologies, distinguishing between their motivation and ability to develop radical inventions. We argue that the motivation to pursue ...

Design and Economic Growth: Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis

Orthodox economic theory does not investigate the connection between design and economic growth in details but design affects the economy. Design is very important for realizing the radical invention for economic growth and it has important roles in industry lifecycle and at different stages of business cycle. In this paper, it was investigated the relationship between sales from production, exports, gross value added (US,İhr,BKD) and about was investigated from 1982 to 2012 for 1.000 largest firms in Turkey. The data was withdrawn from 1.000 largest firms represented by the Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ICI) in order to determine impacts of design on firms, The firms that undertake design activities and that continuously take place among the top 1000 between 1982 and 2012 and which comply with similar performance criteria and the sector differences for group 4 were neglected. The panel cointegration test and Granger Causality methods were employed to examine the relationship. Granger causality result determined there is evidence of bidirectional causality between the variables (sales from production- labor, sales from production – gross value added and labor) in all groups.

Performance analysis of undoped cylindrical gate all around (GAA) MOSFET at subthreshold regime

In this work the sensitivity of process parameters like channel length (L), channel thickness (tSi), and gate work function (φM) on various performance metrics of an undoped cylindrical gate all around (GAA) metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are systematically analyzed. Undoped GAA MOSFET is a radical invention as it introduces a new direction for transistor scaling. In conventional MOSFET, generally the channel doping concentration is very high to provide high on-state current, but in contrary it causes random dopant fluctuation and threshold voltage variation. So, the undoped nature of GAA MOSFET solves the above complications. Hence, we have analyzed the electrical characteristics as well as the analog/RF performances of undoped GAA MOSFET through Sentaurus device simulator.

Investigation on cylindrical gate all around (GAA) to nanowire MOSFET for circuit application

Undoped cylindrical gate all around (GAA) MOSFET is a radical invention and a potential candidate to replace conventional MOSFET, as it introduces new direction for transistor scaling. In this work, the sensitivity of process parameters like channel length ( L g), channel thickness ( t Si ), and gate work function ( φ M ) on various performance metrics of an undoped cylindrical GAA to nanowire MOSFET are systematically analyzed. The electrical characteristics such as on current ( I on ), subthreshold leakage current ( I off ), threshold voltage ( V th ) and similarly analog/RF performances like transconductance ( g m ), total gate capacitance ( C gg ), and cut-off frequency ( f T ) are evaluated and studied with the variation of device design parameters. The discussion give direction towards low standby operating power (LSTP) devices as improvement in I off is approaching 90% in nanowire MOSFET. All the device performances of undoped GAA MOSFET are investigated through Sentaurus device simulator from Synopsis Inc.

Culture, spatial diffusion of ideas and their long-lasting imprints--evidence from Froebel's kindergarten movement

We document the spatial diffusion of Friedrich Froebel’s radical invention of kindergartens in 19th-century Germany. The first kindergarten was founded at Froebel’s birthplace. Early spatial diffusion can be explained by cultural proximity, measured by historical dialect similarity, to Froebel’s birthplace. This result is robust to the inclusion of higher order polynomials in geographic distance and similarity measures with respect to industry, geography or religion. Our findings suggest that a common cultural basis facilitates the spill-over of ideas. We further show that the contemporaneous spatial pattern of child care coverage is still correlated with cultural similarity to Froebel’s place of birth.

Culture, Spatial Diffusion of Ideas and their Long-Lasting Imprints - Evidence from Froebel's Kindergarten Movement

We document the spatial diffusion of Friedrich Froebel’s radical invention of kindergartens in 19th-century Germany. The first kindergarten was founded at Froebel’s birthplace. Early spatial diffusion can be explained by cultural proximity, measured by historical dialect similarity, to Froebel’s birthplace. This result is robust to the inclusion of higher order polynomials in geographic distance and similarity measures with respect to industry, geography or religion. Our findings suggest that a common cultural basis facilitates the spill-over of ideas. We further show that the contemporaneous spatial pattern of child care coverage is still correlated with cultural similarity to Froebel’s place of birth.

Matisse’s “Radical Invention”

A recent exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, "Matisse: Radical Invention 1913-1917," focused on a breakthrough in Matisse's art that the curators attribute to the impact of World War I. That this dramatic change may be linked to the trauma of war is explored by studying the art itself, biographical material, and the artist's own insightful comments. The thesis is advanced that the catastrophe in Europe aggravated Matisse's neurotic conflicts and that his art reflects his effort to resolve these conflicts through new compromise formations and, more significantly, sublimation. Sublimation is discussed as it relates not only to the "radical invention" of Matisse's wartime art but also to a concurrent transformation of his personality. These ideas about Matisse are applied to clinical vignettes in a consideration of the role of sublimation in a contemporary view of therapeutic change.

Colorizing a Masterpiece [Applications Corner

The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of colorizing a historical arti fact-a black and white archival photo of Bathers by a River, 1909-1917, by Henri Matisse (Art Institute of Chicago 1953.158), taken in November 1913, when the art ist was still working on the painting and showing it in a significantly differ ent state compared to the one seen today. Historical accounts describe a painting that was originally a more nat uralistic, pastoral image; but over the course of several years, and under the influence of Cubism and the circum stances of World War I, Matisse radical ly revised his monumental canvas (measuring 260 X 392 cm). Matisse later considered Bathers by a River to be one of the five most pivotal works of his career [1]. Historical photographs unearthed by archival research depict the painting at various stages. The painting, along with these historical photographs, our colorized image, and other works documenting the experi mental nature of the artist's output during a period that has been studied very little until now, have been the cen terpiece of a recent exhibit, Matisse: Radical Invention 1913-1917, that was at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in March-October 2010.

Matisse: radical invention, 1913-1917

works that Henri Matisse (1869-1954) executed between late 1913 and 1917 are among his most demanding, experimental, and enigmatic. Often sharply composed, heavily reworked, and dominated by the colours black and gray, these compositions are rigorously abstracted and purged of nearly all descriptive detail. Although they have typically been treated as unrelated to one another, as aberrations within the artist's oeuvre, or as singular responses to Cubism or World War I, Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913-1917 reveals the deep connections among them and their critical role in an ambitious, cohesive project that took the act of creation itself as its main focus. This book represents the first sustained examination of Matisse's output from this important period, revealing fascinating information about his working method, experimental techniques, and compositional choices uncovered through extensive new historical, technical, and scientific research. lavishly illustrated volume is published to accompany a major exhibition consisting of approximately 125 paintings, sculptures, drawings, and prints. It features in-depth studies of individual works such as Bathers by a River and The Moroccans, which Matisse himself counted as among the most pivotal of his career, and facilitates a greater understanding of the artist's innovative process and radical stylistic evolution.

The Sophistical Attitude and the Invention of Rhetoric

Traditionally, the Older Sophists were conceived as philosophical skeptics who rejected speculative inquiry to focus on rhetorical methods of being successful in practical life. More recently, this view has been complicated by studies revealing the Sophists to be a diverse group of intellectuals who practiced their art prior to the categorization of “rhêtorikê,” thereby rendering the very meaning of the general term “Sophist” far more problematic. Both perspectives conceal the common attitude that unites the Sophists as a group and is central to understanding their democratic ethos rooted in an experimental attitude that draws on the resources of speculative reason to serve the purpose of radical invention necessary for a democratization of the productive arts. Recovering the professionalism and experimentalism of the Sophists contributes to the democratic project of promoting the productive and collaborative arts—including rhetoric—that employ the resources of theoretical knowledge to inform collective practice and thereby assist in controlling the fortunes of humankind in a changing world.

Innovation and the Internet

OVERVIEW:There are some identifiable conditions that seem to nurture creativity and innovation, and the development of the Internet illustrates them. Stable interfaces that allow for substantial change within the layers of the Internet's protocol architecture and which create platforms on which new applications may be built, without changing the layers below, are key elements that have encouraged invention. Management environments that allow employees freedom to explore new ideas also contribute to conditions for creativity. Finally, dramatic changes in the economics of products and services can also create conditions for radical invention.

When is an invention really radical?: Defining and measuring technological radicalness

We develop a valid definition of technological radicalness which states that a successful radical invention is: (1) novel; (2) unique; and (3) has an impact on future technology. The first two criteria allow us to identify potentially radical inventions ex ante market introduction; adding the third condition, we can ex post determine if an invention served as an important change agent. Empirically testable condition selected 6 of 581 tennis racket patents granted between 1971 and 2001. Two of the identified patents – the oversized and the wide-body rackets – are considered radical inventions by industry experts. Applying our definition and operationalization would allow researchers to achieve greater generalizability across studies, avoid endogenous definitions of radicalness, and study predictors of market success for radical inventions.

The Hidden Roots of the Garden City Idea: From John Sinclair to John Claudius Loudon

The Garden City is known as a radical and influential invention presented by Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) in 1898 in his book To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. Less known is the past history of this conception of towns that combines the advantages of the city and the landscape. This article unfolds how firmly this notion was rooted in a tradition of enlightened thinking and planning. It is outlined by some of its most expressive milestones. Nowadays, almost-forgotten projects such as John Sinclair's “ideal village” and John Claudius Loudon's plan for London place the Garden City in a different and more complex light and indicate that Howard could count on an existing understanding of his concerns.

Let's Stop Pushing the Envelope and Start Addressing It: A Reference Task Agenda for HCI

We identify a problem with the process of research in the human-computer interaction (HCI) community-an overemphasis on "radical invention" at the price of achieving a common research focus. Without such a focus, it is difficult to build on previous work, to compare different interaction techniques objectively, and to make progress in developing theory. These problems at the research level have implications for practice, too; as researchers we often are unable to give principled design advice to builders of new systems. We propose that the HCI community try to achieve a common focus around the notion of reference tasks. We offer arguments for the advantages of this approach as well as consider potential difficulties. We explain how reference tasks have been highly effective in focusing research into information retrieval and speech recognition. We discuss what factors have to be considered in selecting HCI reference tasks and present an example reference task (for searching speech archives). This example illustrates the nature of reference tasks and points to the issues and problems involved in constructing and using them. We conclude with recommendations about what steps need to be taken to execute the reference task research agenda. This involves recommendations about both the technical research that needs to be done and changes in the way that the HCI research community operates. The technical research involves identification of important user tasks by systematic requirements gathering, definition and operationalization of reference tasks and evaluation metrics, and execution of task-based evaluation, along with judicious use of field trials. Perhaps more important, we have also suggested changes in community practice that HCI must adopt to make the reference tasks idea work. We must create forums for discussion of common tasks and methods by which people can compare systems and techniques. Only by doing this can the notion of reference tasks be integrated into the process of research and development, enabling the field to achieve the focus it desperately needs.

Evolution of children's rights and implications for present policy

The decent treatment of children is a radical invention of our times. We believe that children have rights — rights to adequate food, shelter, and consistent care - based on their needs as developing organisms. Because of our concern for children as human beings, we are sensitive to their brutalization by adult caretakers. These ideas would have been incomprehensible to a person born several hundred years ago, when the concept of individual rights was almost unknown. The aim of this presentation is to discuss the evolution of children's rights and to place what we know about child abuse in the context of this evolution. We can then see how far we have progressed and perhaps get some perspective on desirable directions for the future.