Race Strategy Research Articles

Bradykinins and their precursor cDNAs from the skin of the fire-bellied toad ( Bombina orientalis)

Bradykinin and (Thr 6)-bradykinin have been identified in the defensive skin secretion of the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. The homologous cDNAs for both peptides were cloned from a skin library using a 3′- and 5′-RACE strategy. Kininogen-1 (BOK-1) contained an open-reading frame of 167 amino acid residues encoding four repeats of bradykinin, and kininogen-2 (BOK-2) contained an open-reading frame of 161 amino acid residues encoding two repeats of (Thr 6)-bradykinin. Alignment of both precursor nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed a high degree of structural similarity. These amphibian skin kininogens/preprobradykinins are not biologically analogous to mammalian kininogens.

High affinity copper transport protein in the lizard Podarcis sicula: molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression in somatic tissues, follicular oocytes and eggs

Copper (Cu) is an essential element required in many biological processes including cellular growth and development. The molecular mechanisms involved in copper homeostasis include proteins that play a role in Cu uptake. Genes encoding high affinity copper transporters (Ctr) have been identified in yeast, plant and mammalian cells. Analysis of copper and zinc content in growing ovarian follicles and ovulated eggs of the reptilian Podarcis sicula demonstrated that the levels of both metals rise during oocyte growth, reaching the maximum in ovulated eggs. By exploiting the remarkable evolutionary conservation of the primary structure of Ctr proteins, cDNA encoding a Ctr was isolated from the liver of the lizard P. sicula by reverse transcriptase PCR and RACE strategy by using primers designed based on consensus motifs present in mammalian Ctr. The predicted protein sequence contains three transmembrane domains and a putative hydrophilic extracellular amino-terminal domain. Besides complementing the respiratory deficiency of yeast cells defective in high affinity Cu transport, expression of lizard Ctr1 1 1 The GeneBank accession number of P. sicula Ctr1 is AJ421475. in Hek293 cells stimulates Cu uptake. Gene expression assessed by Northern blot hybridization of RNA from different tissues of P. sicula shows the highest levels of transcript in both intestine and liver. The profile of Ctr1 mRNA in growing ovarian follicles and eggs demonstrates that the transcript accumulates during the oocyte growth and reaches the highest levels in ovulated eggs. These results suggest that lizard Ctr1 protein may function in Cu acquisition in growing oocytes and eggs.

Accuracy of pacing during breaststroke swimming using a novel pacing device, the Aquapacer™

Generally, swimmers pace themselves using their own judgement and the poolside clock during swimming training, fitness testing protocols or scientific investigation. The Aquapacer™ is a new pacing device that can be used to pace the swimming speed or stroke rate of the swimmer. The aims of this study were to determine if breaststroke swimmers could pace accurately during submaximal swimming using a poolside clock (Study 1) and the Aquapacer™ (Study 2), at swimming speeds at, just above and just below maximal 200 m time-trial speeds (using the Aquapacer™, Study 3) and under three different race pacing conditions (using the Aquapacer™, Study 4). Between 8 and 15 male national or club standard 200 m breaststroke swimmers participated in each of the studies. The swimmers in Study 2, despite being less well trained than the swimmers in Study 1 and part of a more heterogeneous group in terms of swimming performance, repeatedly demonstrated less random error in pacing, suggesting that the Aquapacer™ may be preferable to the poolside clock when swimmers are being required to pace accurately. The Aquapacer™ also enabled swimmers to pace accurately at racespecific swimming speeds (until fatigue precluded them from holding pace) (Study 3), and through a change in pace at race-specific speeds (Study 4), which suggests that it may be of use in entraining racing strategies.

Principia Is Proud of Solar Car Success

I appreciate the attention given to the University of Michigan’s impressive first place finish in the American Solar Challenge 2001 biannual motor race (Physics Today, September 2001, page 29). For the record, Principia College also had an outstanding car, “Ra IV,” that took seventh place in the event, ahead of some 20 university teams. The race was a formidable challenge, following old Route 66 from Chicago to California, over 2300 miles. Principia was the only entry from a small liberal arts college with no engineering curriculum. (Ra IV also gave Principia a first place finish among 19 entries in the two-day “Formula Sun Grand Prix,” held in Michigan.) Principia’s solar car effort involves about 20 students and is headed by two faculty members. A project like this is an education unto itself. Students learn the value of teamwork, as well as the mechanical and electrical details, in designing and building the cars. They are necessarily engaged in fund-raising, finding sponsors, handling publicity, and determining race strategy. The activities required in such a project provide a strong background beyond the classroom, and propel students to a high level of performance and responsibility. Ra IV, Principia College’s entry in the American Solar Challenge 2001 biannual motor race.PPT|High resolution© 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Setting Aside Race

Abstract The preponderance of books written by African Americans have generally dealt with race, racism, discrimination, and attendant strategies and coping mechanisms that are peculiar to their experience in the United States. This bibliography of non fiction and fiction books by Black authors was compiled to demonstrate and document the extent to which African Americans have written on other things that have little if any thing to do with their “Blackness.” Topics on everything from astronomy to zoology are listed under five headings: humanities, social sciences, science/technology/health, miscellaneous, and fiction (novels in which none of the main characters is Black).

Monosaccharide uptake in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) EPC cells is mediated by a facilitative glucose carrier

In most animal cells, transport of monosaccharides across the plasma membrane is mediated by glucose transporters (GLUT). Mammals express at least five distinct transporters (GLUTs 1–5), which are well characterised both functionally and genetically. In contrast, the glucose transport system of fish remains poorly studied. Here we report studies of hexose uptake in carp EPC cells and cloning of a glucose transporter cDNA from these cells. Transport of radio-labelled methylglucose (3-OMG) followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with a K m value (8.5 mM) similar to that of mammalian cells. The inhibition of transport by cytochalasin B and phloretin, but not by phloridzin or cyanide, strongly suggested the existence of a facilitative carrier. d-Glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, 3-OMG, d-mannose and d-xylose were competitive inhibitors of 3-OMG uptake, while l-glucose, mannitol, d-fructose, d-ribose and sucrose did not compete with 3-OMG. We cloned a carp glucose transporter (CyiGLUT1), using RT-PCR and RACE strategies. CyiGLUT1 was different from known carp and zebrafish EST sequences. The complete cDNA (3060 bp) contained one open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 478 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 78% identity with mammalian and avian GLUT1 proteins. Key amino acids involved in substrate selection and catalysis of mammalian GLUTs were conserved in the carp transporter.

Road Slope Information from GPS-Derived Trajectory Data

The World Solar Challenge was held in 1996, and will be held again in 1999. As part of the University of New South Wales solar car project, global positioning system techniques were used to determine the road slope characteristics of the Stuart Highway running north-south from Darwin to Adelaide. This data formed the basis of a geographic information system to support solar car race strategy. Motivated by this project, a new Kalman filter algorithm for road slope determination has been developed. The state vector in the Kalman filter includes the height and slope of the road, rather than the conventional parameters of height and vertical velocity. In this way the slope can be derived directly within the Kalman filter, the system equations can be more easily developed and the system noise can be significantly reduced. Numerical results confirm that the new Kalman filter algorithm can be easily implemented, and that the accuracy of road slope determination is improved. This algorithm is appropriate for any survey application concerned with the determination of vertical profile.

Induction by alkaloids and phenobarbital of Family 4 Cytochrome P450s in Drosophila: evidence for involvement in host plant utilization.

In vertebrates, cytochrome P450s of the CYP2 and CYP3 families play a dominant role in drug metabolism, while in insects members of the CYP6 and CYP28 families have been implicated in metabolism of insecticides and toxic natural plant compounds. A degenerate 3' RACE strategy resulted in the identification of fifteen novel P450s from an alkaloid-resistant species of Drosophila. The strong (17.4-fold) and highly specific induction of a single gene (CYP4D10) by the toxic isoquinoline alkaloids of a commonly utilized host-plant (saguaro cactus) provides the first indication that members of the CYP4 family in insects may play an important role in the maintenance of specific insect-host plant relationships. Strong barbiturate inducibility of CYP4D10 and two other D. mettleri P450 sequences of the CYP4 family was also observed, suggesting a pattern of xenobiotic responsiveness more similar to those of several vertebrate drug-metabolizing enzymes than to putative vertebrate CYP4 homologs.

Race and Gender Discourse Strategies: Creating Solidarity and Framing the Civil Rights Movement

Race and Gender Discourse Strategies: Creating Solidarity and Framing the Civil Rights Movement

Race and Gender Discourse Strategies: Creating Solidarity and Framing the Civil Rights Movement

Using a sociolinguistic analysis of correspondence, this essay examines letters sent to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. by supporters and participants in the Civil Rights movement. In the letters, writers employ discourse strategies to construct their experiences of the movement and formulate themselves as supporters and participants. They also formulate their solidarity and framings of the movement. Correspondents' race, gender, and circumstances influence the ways they create solidarity with, and frame the movement. These findings indicate that Civil Rights movement supporters and participants held both private and shared conceptions of the movement. The implications of these findings for movement theory are discussed.

Stroking characteristic variations in the 100-M freestyle for male swimmers of differing skill.

The purpose of the study was to identify the stroking characteristics such as rate and length used by male swimmers of differing skill and to analyze the variations of velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length during the course of the race. The performance of 442 male subjects including 40 swimmers competing at an international 100-m freestyle event was videotaped and later analyzed to measure velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length on each lap of the race. Stroke length seemed to be the best predictor of swimming velocity. Different levels of performance could be discriminated by the variations of velocity, stroke rate, and especially stroke length, throughout the race. Besides higher values for velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length, the best swimmers were characterized by the capacity to maintain these parameters constant throughout the course of the race. Such results could be used by coaches to assess technique and training for certain racing strategies.

Time-temperature monitor

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small, ubiquitous, multifunctional, heat-stable and glutathione-dependent thiol-disulphide oxidoreductases, classified under thioredoxin-fold superfamily. In the green lineage, GRXs constitute a complex family of proteins. Based on their active site, GRXs are classified into two subfamilies: dithiol and monothiol. Monothiol GRXs contain ‘CGFS’ as a redox active motif and assist in maintaining redox state and iron homeostasis within the cell. Using RACE strategy, a full length cDNA of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) glutaredoxin 3 (CarGRX3) was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA contains open reading frame of 537 bp encoding 178 amino acids and exhibits features of other known ‘CGFS’ type GRXs. Based on the multiple sequence alignment among CarGRX3 and monothiol GRXs of other photosynthetic organisms, the characteristic motif (KGX4PXCGFSX[29/30/32]KX4WPTXPQX4GX3GGXDI) with 18 invariant residues was observed. The proposed structure of CarGRX3 was compared with structurally resolved monothiol GRXs of other organisms. The CarGRX3 and nearest Arabidopsis homolog (AtGRXcp) shares 76% sequence identity which was reflected by their 3D-structure conservation. The structure of chickpea monothiol GRX (CarGRX3) coordinates glutathione ligated [2Fe–2S] cluster in a homodimeric form, highlighting the structural basis for iron–sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly and delivery to acceptor proteins. The present study on CarGRX3 model highlighted the utility of the theoretical approaches to understand complex biological phenomena such as glutathione docking and incorporation of GSH-ligated [2Fe–2S] cluster.

Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction

Romance and the “Yellow Peril”: Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction. Gina Marchetti. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. xi + 258 pages. $40.00 hardcover, $14.00 paper. Romance and the “Yellow Peril”: Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction. Gina Marchetti. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. xi + 258 pages. $40.00 hardcover, $14.00 paper. Cynthia F. Wong Cynthia F. Wong University of Colorado at Denver Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MELUS, Volume 22, Issue 2, June 1997, Pages 119–121, https://doi.org/10.2307/468139 Published: 01 June 1997

PART 1 Surveying the Stuart Highway with GPS for the 1996 World Solar Challenge

Abstract In preparation for the forthcoming World Solar Challenge (WSC), a GPS survey was carried out to precisely map the Stuart Highway. The WSC is the world’s premier solar car race. It is held every three years, along the Stuart Highway from Darwin to Adelaide. This year's race commences on the 27th October and will feature over 50 teams, including one from The University of New South Wales (UNSW). The UNSW solar car entry, called "Sunswift", Is a student project supported by the Faculty of Engineering. The School of Geomatic Engineering undertook to determine the vertical road profile of the Stuart Highway, and to "package" the data in such a way as to help the team to plan race strategy. This project will be described in two parts. Part 1, published here, gives a general outline of the project, and the GPS field procedures and techniques used in the kinematic survey of the Stuart Highway. Part 2 will be published after the WSC and, will describe the GPS data processing as well as the manner in which...

Part 1—surveying the stuart highway with GPS for the 1996 world solar challenge

Abstract In preparation for the forthcoming World Solar Challenge (WSC), a GPS survey was carried out to precisely map the Stuart Highway. The WSC is the world’s premier solar car race. It is held every three years, along the Stuart Highway from Darwin to Adelaide. This year's race commences on the 27th October and will feature over 50 teams, including one from The University of New South Wales (UNSW). The UNSW solar car entry, called Sunswift, Is a student project supported by the Faculty of Engineering. The School of Geomatic Engineering undertook to determine the vertical road profile of the Stuart Highway, and to package the data in such a way as to help the team to plan race strategy. This project will be described in two parts. Part 1, published here, gives a general outline of the project, and the GPS field procedures and techniques used in the kinematic survey of the Stuart Highway. Part 2 will be published after the WSC and, will describe the GPS data processing as well as the manner in which...

Review: Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction by Gina Marchetti

Book Review| April 01 1996 Review: Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction by Gina Marchetti Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood FictionGina Marchetti Jenny Kwok Wah Lau Jenny Kwok Wah Lau Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (1996) 49 (3): 58–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/1213477 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jenny Kwok Wah Lau; Review: Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction by Gina Marchetti. Film Quarterly 1 April 1996; 49 (3): 58–59. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1213477 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1995 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Family Interaction: A Multigenerational Developmental Perspective

All chapters begin with Chapter Overview and conclude with Conclusions and Key Terms. Preface. I. DEFINING THE FAMILY. 1. The Family as a System. The Family as a System. The Difficulty of Defining the Family. The Characteristics of Family Systems. Structural Properties of Families. Strategies and Rules. The Tasks That Families Must Execute. The Politics of the Family. 2. Family Strategies. Family Strategies. Identity Strategies. Boundary Strategies. Maintenance Strategies. Strategies for Managing the Family's Emotional Environment. Strategies for Managing Stress: Adaptability as a Second-Order Task. II. MODELS OF FAMILY FUNCTIONING. 3. Structural Models. Structural Models of Family Functioning. The Structural Model. Mapping the Family Structure. 4. Intergenerational Models. Intergenerational Models of Family Functioning. Core Concepts Within the Bowen Model. Managing Unresolved Issues with the Family of Origin. The Genogram: Insight into Intergenerational Processes. 5. Contextual Models: Family Diversity. Ethnicity. A Metaperspective on Cultural Diversity. The Broader Racial and Ethnic Context. Class, Socioeconomic Status, and Family Diversity. Poverty, Racism, and Family Life. Acculturation and Family Diversity. Ethnicity, Race, and Family Strategies. III. FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES. Section I: Early Adulthood and Marriage. 6. The Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood. The Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood. The Individuation Process. The Individuation Process and Subsequent Development and Adjustment. Individuation Difficulties and the Problems of Youth. Problems of Forced Individuation. 7. Mate Selection and Family Development. Mate Selection and Family Development. Selecting a Lifetime Companion. Comparison Levels: The Uniqueness of Our Filters. The Impact of Family of Origin Experiences on Mate Selection. Mate Selection and Relationship Dynamics. 8. The Transition to Marriage: The New Marital System. The Transition to Marriage: The New Marital System. The Tasks of the Newly Married Couple. 9. Communication and Intimacy. Communication and Intimacy. Defining Communication. Conversational Styles. Communication and Intimacy Within Marriage. 10. Conflict in Marriage. Conflict in Marriage. Areas of Conflict. The Underlying Sources of Conflict in Marriage. The Dynamics of Managing Conflict. Marital Violence. Section II: The Parenting Years. 11. Families with Young Children: The Transition to Parenthood. Parenthood as Just One Developmental Pathway. The Changing Context of Parenthood. The Structural Diversity Found Within Families with Children. The Challenges Confronted by the Family with Young Children. 12. The Parent-Child Relationship System. The Parent-Child Relationship System. Dimensions of Parenting Style. Determinants of Parenting Style. Gender and Parenting Styles. Ethnic and Minority Parenting. The Effectiveness of Parenting Styles: Child Abuse and Neglect. Section III: The Middle and Later Years of Family Development. 13. Family Tasks During Middle Adulthood. Family Tasks During Middle Adulthood. The Marriage Relationship During the Middle-Adult Years. Parent-Child Dynamics During Middle Adulthood. The Demands of Being in the Middle. 14. The Family in Later Life. The Family in Later Life. Marriage During the Later-Adult Years. Intergenerational Dynamics During the Later Years. Family System Dynamics and the Caregiving/Care-Receiving Relationship. IV. ALTERNATIVE FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS. 15. Death, Loss, and Bereavement. Death, Loss, and Bereavement. Death Within the Family System. Factors Mediating the Family System's Response to Death. A Multigenerational, Developmental Perspective on Death. Unresolved Grief and Family Strategies. 16. Divorce. Divorce. Divorce as a Family Process. Adaptation Following Divorce. 17. The Single-Parent Household. The Single-Parent Household. Diversity Within Single-Parent Systems. Single-Parent Family Systems: Prevalence and Challenges. Challenges in Meeting Basic Tasks Within Single-Parent Systems. Adaptation to Single-Parenthood: Sources of Social Support. 18. Remarriage and Step-Parenting. Remarriage and Step-Parenting. A Developmental Model for Remarried Family Systems. Problematic Family System Dynamics in Remarried Step-Families. References. Name Index. Subject Index.

Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction (review)

Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction (review)

Decrease of Endurance Performance During Olympic Triathlon

The present study was carried out in order to quantify the athlete's endurance impairment after two out of three sequential events of Olympic Triathlon (OT). Furthermore the significance of ventilatory threshold (Tvent) and peak of oxygen uptake (VO2peak) as triathlete's performance predictors was assessed. Tvent and VO2peak were measured in six male triathletes performing an incremental treadmill test a week before an ad hoc triathlon event. The same test was applied immediately after the first two segments of the triathlon (1.5 km swim, 32 km bike). VO2peak and Tvent measured during the latter test were reduced compared to the first test. VO2peak decreased from 69 to 64 ml.kg-1.min-1 and Tvent from 58 to 51 ml.kg-1.min-1 p < 0.01), respectively. VO2peak and Tvent measured in the first test were well correlated (P < 0.05) to both running and cycling times. The Tvent measured during the second test was related to the running time but with a higher significance (p < 0.01) than in the first test. The impairment in the endurance performance induced by the first two segments of OT is an important aspect to consider both in training and in race strategy. These results also provide evidence that VO2peak and Tvent are good predictors of triathlon performance at least in cycling and running events.

Romance and the "yellow peril": race, sex, and discursive strategies in Hollywood fiction

Hollywood films about Asians and interracial sexuality are the focus of Gina Marchetti's provocative new work. While miscegenation might seem an unlikely theme for Hollywood, Marchetti shows how fantasy-dramas of interracial rape, lynching, tragic love, and model marriage are powerfully evident in American cinema. The author begins with a discussion of D. W. Griffith's Broken Blossoms, then considers later films such as Shanghai Express, Madame Butterfly, and the recurring geisha movies. She also includes some fascinating forgotten films that have been overlooked by critics until now. Marchetti brings the theoretical perspective of recent writing on race, ethnicity, and gender to her analyses of film and television and argues persuasively that these media help to perpetuate social and racial inequality in America. Noting how social norms and taboos have been simultaneously set and broken by Hollywood filmmakers, she discusses the orientalist tensions underlying the construction of American cultural identity. Her book will be certain to interest readers in film, Asian, women's, and cultural studies.