Quotient Function Research Articles

Nodecness of Soft Generalized Topological Spaces

In this work, we define a new class of soft generalized topological spaces, namely strongly soft nodec, with the use of strongly soft nowhere dense sets. Then, we study the basic properties of these spaces and show that if the product of two soft generalized topological spaces is a strongly soft nodec space, then each one is a strongly soft nodec space. Then, we extend these notions to T0-strongly soft nodec generalized topological spaces by using the soft quotient functions and discussing their main properties. We also show the inverse of a surjective soft quotient function preserves the soft closure and soft interior of a soft subset of a codomain soft set in soft generalized topological space. Further, we use soft quasi-homeomorphism and soft quotient functions to make comparisons and connections between these spaces with the support of appropriate counterexamples. Then, we successfully determine a condition under which the soft generalized topological space is a soft weak Baire space and hence a strongly soft second category.

Robust improved multiband-structured subband adaptive filter for active noise control with impulsive interference

The feedforward filtered-x least mean square algorithm is extensively implemented for active control of broadband noise. However, the control performance is substantially deteriorated due to colored noise and the presence of uncorrelated disturbances near the reference and error sensors. To tackle these issues, in this paper, a robust improved multiband-structured subband adaptive filter based on logarithmic and total least squares method is proposed for active control. Unlike the conventional method of total least squares, the proposed algorithm adopts logarithmic and Rayleigh quotient functions. The closed loop implementation of the improved multiband-structured subband adaptive filter is adopted to meet the delayless requirement. The proposed algorithm is well-suited for environments where the reference signal is highly correlated and the residual noise is contaminated by impulsive noise. Furthermore, an affine combination of the proposed algorithm is developed to meet the complementary requirements of faster convergence and improved noise reduction. Eventually, the stability and computational complexity are studied. Simulation results using measured acoustic paths in an anechoic chamber and a normal room illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for controlling broadband noise with impulsive interference. In addition, the tracking control performance is evaluated in a time-varying acoustic environment.

Genetic variability in growth, volume and stem stability traits for Eucalyptus clones in North-western India

Ten clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis planted at central plains of north-western India were evaluated for growth traits, stem stability and wood volume at different age rotations. A significant amount of genetic variations were found for all traits assessed i.e. height, diameter at breast height (DBH), form quotient, volume and stem stability. Clones P-23 was observed best for DBH, volume and stem stability against the winds (wind firmness) and tree architecture because of low height diameter ratio (more stem stability), whereas P-46 was found best for height with less taper stem. High heritability was observed for height and volume clearly suggested the potentiality of the clonal material for the improvement through selection and evaluation. Genetic advance for height and DBH is increased substantially par se with the increase in the age of tree. The high correlation between the volume and dbh in eucalypt clones means that the selection based on dbh represents the volume with adequate accuracy. Volume equations were developed for height, dbh and form quotient functions. Volume is increased by 14.07% at compound rate of DBH as explained by bivariate fit of volume by DBH and model is highly fit (r 2 =0.8389). Negative effect has been observed by form quotient for volume estimation in clonal plantations of Eucalyptus .

Division vs. distributivity: Is per just like each?

This paper argues that there are lexical items that conventionally express the idea of dividing one quantity by another, and per is one of them. In particular, the proposal is that there are three ratio-related senses of per: (i) a quotient function; (ii) a quotient operator; and (iii) quotient of measure functions. The ratio-based approach, which is built up here in order to handle a wider range of data than previous ratio-based approaches could, is contrasted with an opposing view, one on which per is a distributivity marker like each. Four types of evidence are used: (i) cases involving measurement of an object or an event whose measure is smaller than the unit given by per’s complement; (ii) uses in the differential argument of a comparative; (iii) uses modifying a measure function noun; and and (iv) uses modifying a gradable predicate. All of these are problematic for a distributivity- marker analysis, and support the idea that per expresses the concept of ratio. Along the way, we gain diagnostics for whether a given item conventionally expresses the concept of a ratio in a given language.

Towards Full Flow‐Dependence: New Temporally Varying EDA Quotient Functionality to Estimate Background Errors in CERRA

AbstractA new temporally evolving quotient on the Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) technique for estimating background error covariances has been developed for the Copernicus European Regional Re‐Analysis (CERRA). The B‐matrix is modeled on a bi‐Fourier limited area model. Background errors are assumed isotropic, homogeneous and non‐separable. Linearized geostrophic and hydrostatic balances are incorporated as multivariate relationships, coupling vorticity, and geopotential extended to mass‐wind and specific humidity fields via the f‐plane approximation. The EDA comprises two main pools: seasonal and daily. The seasonal component comprises winter and summer EDA forecast differences at reanalysis resolution (5.5 km). The new time quotient function temporally changes the mixture of differences from each season, to make up the seasonal component. The daily component is an 11 km moving 2.5 days average changing in real‐time. Subsequent B‐matrix computation sees the ingestion of forecast differences from both components, with a fixed split of 80%–20% seasonal‐daily, every 2 days. The sourcing of these forecast differences from both seasonal and daily sources is in continuous temporal flux therefore. We consider a case study to illustrate the potential of estimating weather regime change using CERRA‐EDA with varying proportions of seasonal‐daily mixing, while including settings used for CERRA production. Our case study shows that the most influential factors are differences in observation networks between the given years, their spatial distribution across the CERRA domain, and the proportion of seasonal‐daily split. It is shown that our method provides improvement over a static B‐matrix.

A Quadruple Integral Containing the Gegenbauer Polynomial Cn(λ)(x): Derivation and Evaluation

A four-dimensional integral containing g(x,y,z,t)Cn(λ)(x) is derived. Cn(λ)(x) is the Gegenbauer polynomial, g(x,y,z,t) is a product of the generalized logarithm quotient functions and the integral is taken over the region 0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1,0≤t≤1. The integral is difficult to compute in general. Special cases are given and invariant index forms are derived. The zero distribution of almost all Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions is asymmetrical. All the results in this work are new.

Double Integral Involving Logarithmic and Quotient Function with Powers Expressed in terms of the Lerch Function

In this work the authors use their contour integral method to derive the double integral given by $\int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{x^{m-1} y^{m+\frac{q}{2}-1} \log ^k(a x y)}{\left(x^q+1\right)^2 \left(y^q+1\right)^2}dxdy$ in terms of the Lerch function. This integral formula is then used to derive closed solutions in terms of fundamental constants and special functions. There are some useful results relating double integrals of certain kinds of functions to ordinary integrals for which we know no general reference. Thus a table of integral pairs is given for interested readers. All the results in this work are new.

Definite integral of a hyperbolic quotient function expressed in terms of the Lerch function

In applied sciences it is always useful to improve the catalogue of definite integrals available in tables. In this paper the authors derived definite integrals used in research concerned with perturbation analysis of single Langmuir solitons, proving the Riemann Hypothesis and the Goldbach conjecture and the LPM effect in sequential bremsstrahlung. We also derived new results and summarized these formulae in a table of integrals.

Mellin Transform of Logarithm and Quotient Function with Reducible Quartic Polynomial in Terms of the Lerch Function

A class of definite integrals involving a quotient function with a reducible polynomial, logarithm and nested logarithm functions are derived with a possible connection to contact problems for a wedge. The derivations are expressed in terms of the Lerch function. Special cases are also derived in terms fundamental constants. The majority of the results in this work are new.

Double Integral of Logarithmic and Quotient Rational Functions Expressed in Terms of the Lerch Function

In this manuscript, the authors derive a double integral whose kernel involves the logarithmic function a polynomial raised to a power and a quotient function expressed it in terms of the Lerch function. All the results in this work are new.

The Mellin Transform of Logarithmic and Rational Quotient Function in terms of the Lerch Function

Upon reading the famous book on integral transforms volume II by Erdeyli et al., we encounter a formula which we use to derive a Mellin transform given by ∫ 0 ∞ x m − 1 log k a x / β 2 + x 2 γ + x d x , where the parameters a , k , β , and γ are general complex numbers. This Mellin transform will be derived in terms of the Lerch function and is not listed in current literature to the best of our knowledge. We will use this transform to create a table of definite integrals which can be used to extend similar tables in current books featuring such formulae.

Caregiver-reported health-related quality of life of New Zealand children born very and extremely preterm.

BackgroundChildren born preterm, particularly at earlier gestations, are at increased risk for mortality and morbidity, but later health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is less well described. Neurodevelopmental impairment and socio-economic status may also influence HRQoL. Our aim was to describe the HRQoL of a cohort of New Zealand children born very and extremely preterm, and how this is related to neurodevelopmental impairment, gestational age, and socio-economic deprivation.MethodsChildren born <30 weeks’ gestation or <1500 g birthweight were assessed at 7 years’ corrected age. Caregivers completed the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form (CHQ-PF50), and the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI-2). Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as Wechsler full scale intelligence quotient below -1 standard deviation (SD), Movement Assessment Battery for Children total score ≤15 percentile, cerebral palsy, deafness, or blindness.ResultsData were collected for 127 children, of whom 60 (47%) had neurodevelopmental impairment. Overall, HRQoL was good: mean (SD) CHQ-PF50 physical summary score = 50.8 (11.1), psychosocial summary score = 49.3 (9.1) [normative mean 50 (10)]; HUI-2 dead-healthy scale = 0.92 (0.09) [maximum 1.0]. Neurodevelopmental impairment, lower gestational age, and higher socio-economic deprivation were all associated with reduced HRQoL. However, on multivariable analysis, only intelligence quotient and motor function were associated with psychosocial HRQoL, while intelligence quotient was associated with physical HRQoL.ConclusionsMost seven-year-old children born very and extremely preterm have good HRQoL. Further improvements will require reduced neurodevelopmental impairment.

A Quotient Function Method for Selecting Adaptive Dynamic Load Identification Optimal Regularization Parameter

A Quotient Function Method for Selecting Adaptive Dynamic Load Identification Optimal Regularization Parameter

Modeling of porosity and permeability for hydrocarbon Exploration: A case study of Gongola arm of the Upper Benue Trough

Irreducible water saturation is one of the fundamental parameters in characterizing hydrocarbon formations, playing key role in volumetric and recovery calculations and permeability definition within a reservoir. The determination of the reservoir permeability using the irreducible water saturation in a shaly sand transition zone has been problematic due to the presence of the bound water saturation. In this research, a model was developed based on the Coates and Dagan permeability model formulation using the dual water model parameters. In this model formulation using the three models, a sensitivity coefficient for conditioning the permeability field at the transition zone was introduced. The sensitivity factor is a quotient function of bound water saturation and the total water saturation. The localized nature of the well data in the determination of the depositional architecture (porosity and permeability) were extrapolated away from or interpolated between acquisition locations using the areal coverage provided by seismic data. The analysis of the well information from the Kolmani River showed that the hydrocarbon lies at depth between 2071m and 2194m (Cenomenian-Turonian Yolde formation). The acoustic map within the reservoir shows the occurrence of dense uniform marine shales and sandstones. It also shows the depositional process has been uniform and sequential. High density clastic materials were also discovered within the reservoir. The permeability results obtained by equating the bound water and total water saturations to the irreducible water saturation gave the 26mD and 16mD as the upper (clean sand) and lower (pure shale) limits of the effective permeability values for the reservoir. The result obtained using the new model showed that the effective permeability is 21mD within the transition zone. Other petrophysical results showed that the reservoir has an effective porosity of 20% and effective water saturation of 12%. Based on these reservoir results, it is understood that the well is highly compact and will not flow during production.

Negatively phrased items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient function differently for groups with and without autism.

The Autism Spectrum Quotient is a widely used instrument for the detection of autistic traits. However, the validity of comparisons of Autism Spectrum Quotient scores between groups may be threatened by differential item functioning. Differential item functioning entails a bias in items, where participants with equal values of the latent trait give different answers because of their group membership. In this article, items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient were studied for differential item functioning between different groups within a single sample (N = 408). Three analyses were conducted. First, using a Rasch mixture model, two latent groups were detected that show differential item functioning. Second, using a Rasch regression tree model, four groups were found that show differential item functioning: men without autism, women without autism, people 50 years and younger with autism, and people older than 50 years with autism. Third, using traditional methods, differential item functioning was detected between groups with and without autism. Therefore, group comparisons with the Autism Spectrum Quotient are at risk of being affected by bias. Eight items emerged that consistently show differences in response tendencies between groups across analyses, and these items were generally negatively phrased. Two often-used short forms of the Autism Spectrum Quotient, the AQ-28 and AQ-10, may be more suitable for group comparisons.

On The Quotient Function Of Entire Function Represented By Dirichlet Series Of Two Complex Variables

The object of this paper is study a few result involving the maximum term and the rank of the maximum term of entire function represented by Dirichlet series .

Multiple solutions to a class of generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equations with a Kirchhoff-type perturbation

In this paper, we consider a class of generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equations with a Kirchhoff-type perturbation. Under the assumption that the potential may be vanishing at infinity, the existence of both the ground state and the ground state sign-changing solutions is established. Furthermore, the behavior of these solutions is studied when the perturbation vanishes. It is a surprise that we find an interesting phenomenon about the monotonicity for the quotient function as a byproduct.

Variational inequality formulation of circular cone eigenvalue complementarity problems

In this paper, we study the circular cone eigenvalue complementarity problem (CCEiCP) by variational inequality technique, prove the existence of a solution to CCEiCP, and investigate different nonlinear programming formulations of the symmetric and asymmetric CCEiCP, respectively. We reduce CCEiCP to a variational inequality problem on a compact convex set, which guarantees that CCEiCP has at least one solution. Based on the variational inequality formulation of CCEiCP, the symmetric CCEiCP can be reformulated as a nonlinear programming problem NLP1, and solved by computing a stationary point of the Rayleigh quotient function on a compact set. We formulate the asymmetric CCEiCP as another nonlinear programming problem NLP2, and show that any global minimum of NLP2 with an objective function value equal to zero is a solution of the asymmetric CCEiCP. Moreover, a stationary point of NLP2 is a solution of the asymmetric CCEiCP, if and only if the Lagrange multipliers associated with the equalities in NLP2 are equal to zero. The different formulations of CCEiCP provide alternative approaches for solving CCEiCP, which will play an important role in designing efficient algorithms to solve CCEiCP.

PENGEMBANGAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL SISWA DI SD ISLAM TOMPOKERSAN LUMAJANG

Spiritual quotient function transforming spiritual values such as honesty, affection, fairness, responsibility, peacefulness, trust, and togetherness. Developing Spiritual quotient aims to make students have full understanding about lesson of Islam and be able to apply it in daily life. Students hoped to be the one who believe in Allah SWT and actualize themselves based on lesson and norm in Islam with Islamic personality and akhlakul karimah. This research uses qualitative approach by having interview with subjects. Result shows that spiritual quotient development is carried through structural and unstructural programs. Structural programs applied in learning activity while unstructural ones done through extracuriculer activites. Methods of development are giving assignment, nurturing, transforming knowledge, having creative activity, making relationship having leadership.

A New Method for Optimal Regularization Parameter Determination in the Inverse Problem of Load Identification

According to the regularization method in the inverse problem of load identification, a new method for determining the optimal regularization parameter is proposed. Firstly, quotient function (QF) is defined by utilizing the regularization parameter as a variable based on the least squares solution of the minimization problem. Secondly, the quotient function method (QFM) is proposed to select the optimal regularization parameter based on the quadratic programming theory. For employing the QFM, the characteristics of the values of QF with respect to the different regularization parameters are taken into consideration. Finally, numerical and experimental examples are utilized to validate the performance of the QFM. Furthermore, the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) method and theL-curve method are taken as the comparison methods. The results indicate that the proposed QFM is adaptive to different measuring points, noise levels, and types of dynamic load.