Quintile Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Healthy lifestyle and HPV infection risk: results from a cross-sectional study.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection constitutes a significant global public health challenge despite the widespread implementation of vaccination programs, with infection rates persistently high. Recent studies suggest that lifestyle factors including diet quality (DQ) and physical activity (PA) could play a pivotal role in the mitigation of HPV infections. This investigation explored the influence of DQ, PA, and a healthy lifestyle on the incidence of HPV infection in adult women. Data from 5,308 women aged 20-59 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. DQ and PA were measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), respectively, creating four lifestyle groups based on how well they matched dietary and activity guidelines. The associations between key factors and HPV infection were explored using multivariate logistic regression, trend tests, and interaction tests. Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models revealed an inverse association between the risk of HPV infection and higher levels of PA (OR = 0.914; 95% CI: 0.854-0.979) as well as DQ (OR = 0.993; 95% CI: 0.989-0.998). Individuals in the highest tertile of DQ displayed a reduced risk of HPV infection relative to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.846; 95% CI: 0.726-0.986). Belonging to the third quintile of PA was linked to a lower risk of HPV infection than the lowest quintile (OR = 0.823; 95% CI: 0.681-0.995). Subgroups adhering to a healthy DQ were linked to a lower risk of HPV infection irrespective of PA meeting guideline recommendations. Our findings underscore the importance of a healthy diet in conjunction with appropriate PA in preventing HPV infection, offering new insights for public health policies and interventions.

Abstract P341: Physical Activity and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Measured Body Composition in Global Multi-Ethnic Cohorts

Background: Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of heart disease, and unfortunately rates of obesity have been growing worldwide. Obesity is often defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥30kg/m 2 , however, BMI cannot distinguish between fat or lean mass nor differences in fat distribution. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides more detailed measurements of body composition, but research assessing the association between physical activity and detailed body composition measures in diverse populations is lacking. This study therefore examined associations between physical activity and DXA-derived measures of adiposity in Chinese, Malay, Indian and White European adults from two large-scale prospective cohort studies. Methods: From 2006-2010, adults from the general population were recruited to both The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) study (N=119 555) and the UK Biobank (N=502 487). Physical activity was self-reported by questionnaire at baseline assessment and approximately 5-yearly resurveys in both cohorts. Between 2020-2023, 5489 participants underwent a DXA scan in TMC; while between 2014-2023, 60 280 participants had DXA scans in UK Biobank. Analyses excluded participants with missing data and prior diseases that may impact body composition. Multivariable linear regression (adjusted for demographic and lifestyle confounders) was used to examine associations between physical activity and body composition measures across ethnic groups, and estimates were corrected for regression dilution bias by using estimates of ‘usual physical activity’ derived from repeat measurements. Results: After exclusions, 1723 Chinese, 1245 Malay and 609 Indian participants were included in the TMC analyses and 56 758 White Europeans in the UK Biobank (mean age 57.1 years, 41.2% male in TMC and 54.7 years, 47.7% male in UK). In TMC, physical activity was not associated with BMI, however it was inversely associated with DXA adiposity measures and positively associated with lean mass. Comparing the highest quintile of physical activity to the lowest, total fat mass was 0.7 kg lower (95%CI: -1.1- -0.3) and total lean mass was 0.6 kg higher (0.3-0.9). There was no evidence of effect modification by ethnicity in TMC, but results in White Europeans were stronger: total fat mass was 3.9 kg lower (-4.1- -3.6) and lean mass was 1.2 kg higher (1.1-1.4) comparing the highest to lowest quintiles of physical activity. Interpretation: This is the first large-scale study to examine associations between physical activity and DXA-derived measures of body composition in multi-ethnic cohorts from Malaysia and the UK. The findings support physical activity interventions to reduce obesity-related disease across diverse populations and highlight the value of using detailed body composition measures.

Healthy lifestyles are associated with better vitamin D status in community-dwelling older men: The Health In Men Study (HIMS).

Older people are more prone to vitamin D deficiency than younger populations. Individual lifestyle factors have been associated with vitamin D status. We examined the influence of a combination of lifestyle factors on vitamin D status in older men. In a population-based cohort study of older men (age ≥65 years), a lifestyle score was calculated from eight prudent health-related behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol, fishand meat consumption, adding salt, milk choicesand obesity) collected via questionnaire at baseline. Blood samples were collected 5 years afterwards to measure plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Associations between lifestyles and the likelihood of having plasma 25OHD levels of ≥75versus <75 nmol/L and ≥50versus <50 nmol/L were tested using logistic regression models. Of the 2717 men analysed, mean plasma 25OHD was 69.0 ± 23.5 nmol/L, with 20.7% having plasma 25OHD<50 nmol/L. Men engaging in ≥4 healthy lifestyle behaviours had 20% higher odds of plasma 25OHD≥75 nmol/L (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.01-1.45) compared to those with <4 healthy behaviours. No association was found for 25OHD≥50 nmol/L. Higher physical activity was the only individual component significantly associated with vitamin D sufficiency (highest vs. lowest quintiles of physical activity, adjusted OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.47-2.74 for 25OHD≥50 nmol/L, adjusted OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.81-3.06 for 25OHD≥75 nmol/L). Multiple healthy lifestyle behaviours are associated with better vitamin D status in older men. Further work is needed to determine the effects of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, on vitamin D sufficiency.

Early postpartum physical activity and pelvic floor support and symptoms 1 year postpartum

Risks of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence increase after the first vaginal delivery. During the early postpartum period, a time of active regeneration and healing of the pelvic floor, women may be particularly vulnerable to greater pelvic floor loading. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine whether objectively measured moderate to vigorous physical activity in the early postpartum period predicts pelvic floor support and symptoms 1 year after the first vaginal birth. We enrolled nulliparous women in the third trimester, later excluding those who had a cesarean or preterm delivery. Participants wore triaxial wrist accelerometers at 2 to 3 weeks and 5 to 6 weeks postpartum for ≥4 days. Primary outcomes, assessed 1 year postpartum, included (1) pelvic floor support on Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification examination, dichotomized as maximal vaginal descent of <0 cm (better support) vs ≥0 cm (worse support); and (2) pelvic floor symptom burden, considered positive with report of ≥1 bothersome symptom in ≥2 of 6 domains, assessed using the Epidemiology of Prolapse and Incontinence Questionnaire. The primary predictor was average daily moderate to vigorous physical activity. Because we could not eliminate women with pelvic floor changes before pregnancy, we modeled prevalence, rather than risk, ratios for each outcome using modified Poisson regression. Of 825 participants eligible after delivery, 611 completed accelerometry and 1-year follow-up; 562 completed in-person visits, and 609 completed questionnaires. The mean age was 28.9 years (standard deviation, 5.01). The mean for moderate to vigorous physical activity measured in minutes per day was 57.3 (standard deviation, 25.4) and 68.1 (standard deviation, 28.9) at 2 to 3 weeks and 5 to 6 weeks, respectively. One year postpartum, 53 of 562 participants (9.4%) demonstrated worse vaginal support and 330 of 609 participants (54.2%) met criteria for pelvic floor symptom burden. In addition, 324 (53.1%), 284 (46.6%), 144 (23.6%), and 25 (4.1%) reported secondary outcomes of stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, anal incontinence, and constipation, respectively, and 264 (43.4%), 250 (41.0%), and 89 (14.6%) reported no, mild, or moderate to severe urinary incontinence, respectively. The relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activity and outcomes was not linear. On the basis of plots, we grouped quintiles of moderate to vigorous physical activity into 3 categories: first and second quintiles combined, third and fourth quintiles combined, and fifth quintile. In final multivariable models, compared with women in moderate to vigorous physical activity quintiles 3 and 4, those in the lower 2 (prevalence ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.00) and upper quintile (prevalence ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-1.38)) trended toward lower prevalence of worse support. However, we observed the reverse for symptom burden: compared with women in quintiles 3 and 4, those in the lower 2 (prevalence ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.41) and upper quintile prevalence ratio 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.61) demonstrated higher prevalence of symptom burden. Moderate to vigorous physical activity did not predict any of the secondary outcomes. The presence of a delivery factor with potential to increase risk for levator ani muscle injury did not modify the effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity on outcomes. Except for support, which was worse in women with moderately high levels of activity, early postpartum moderate to vigorous physical activity was either protective or had no effect on other parameters of pelvic floor health. Few women performed substantial vigorous activity, and thus, these results do not apply to women performing strenuous exercise shortly after delivery.

Factors correlating with serum birch pollen IgE status in pregnant women in Hokkaido, Japan: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

BackgroundBirch pollen allergy affects pregnant women, and such allergy may affect the development of allergic diseases in their children. Using nationwide birth cohort data, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of birch pollen IgE positivity and to identify correlating factors in pregnant women in Hokkaido, Japan, a high-latitude island. MethodsParticipants included 6856 pregnant women. Participants responded to questionnaires regarding lifestyle factors and history of allergies. Data regarding parity, height, and pre-pregnancy weight were collected from medical records. Blood samples were obtained from participants during the first trimester of pregnancy, and serum allergen-specific IgE titers were determined. ResultsThe serum of 30.2% participants was positive for birch pollen IgE (≥0.35 UA/mL). Such positivity significantly correlated with a history of other allergic diseases, particularly food allergy and allergic rhinitis/hay fever. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-pregnancy high body mass index (BMI ≥ 25) significantly correlated with birch pollen IgE positivity [odds ratio (OR), 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.47; reference BMI, 18.5–24.9] and higher income (≥10 million yen per year; OR,0.55; 95% CI, 0.37–0.81; reference, household income < 2 million yen per year), and second quintile level physical activity (OR,0.75; 95% CI, 0.63–0.88; reference, the first quintile of physical activity) had significant protective effects. ConclusionsBirch pollen IgE positivity in pregnant women was positively associated with food allergy, allergic rhinitis, pre-pregnant high BMI, and was negatively associated with light exercise and high household income in Hokkaido. Trial registrationUMIN000030786.

Obesity and Body Composition in Preschool Children with Different Levels of Actigraphy-Derived Physical Activity-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Detailed associations between physical activity (PA) and body composition in preschoolers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess body composition among preschool children differentiated according to their levels of PA and to assess whether meeting the current PA recommendations is associated with a lower risk of obesity, determined by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP). Free-living PA was measured using accelerometers for 7 days in children aged 5 to 6 years. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition. Significant differences in content of BFP, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body water (TBW) were found between boys meeting and not meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendations. Meeting the MVPA recommendation was associated with a twofold lower risk of obesity determined by BFP in boys but not in girls. In contrast, the total number of recommended steps per day was not related to adiposity in boys or girls. No statistically significant differences were observed in body composition indices and quintiles of MVPA. Boys in the 3rd–5th quintiles of steps per day presented significantly lower BFP and higher muscle mass and TBW than their peers in quintile 1. However, different associations were observed between body composition indices and quintiles of PA.

Physical activity compared to adiposity and risk of liver-related mortality: Results from two prospective, nationwide cohorts

Obesity in adulthood has been associated with increased risk of liver-related mortality. Whether higher levels of physical activity counteract the excess risk conferred by obesity remains unknown. We simultaneously evaluated the long-term impact of physical activity and adiposity on liver-related mortality, within 2 nationwide populations. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 77,238 women and 48,026 men, with detailed, validated assessments ofweekly physical activity (metabolic equivalent task [MET]-hours]), adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference), and diet, alcohol use and clinical comorbidities, biennially from 1986 through 2012. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we calculated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for liver-related mortality, including death from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other complications of cirrhosis. Over 1,856,226 person-years, we recorded 295 liver-related deaths (108 HCC; 187 cirrhosis). Risk of liver-related mortality increased monotonically with higher BMI during adulthood (ptrend<0.0001) and with weight gain during early adulthood (ptrend <0.0001). The risk of liver-related mortality alsodeclined progressively, with increasing physical activity (ptrend= 0.0003); the aHRs across increasing physical activity quintiles were: 1.0, 0.70 (95% CI 0.51-0.96), 0.59 (95% CI 0.42-0.84), 0.52 (95% CI 0.36-0.74) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.66). Compared to lean-active adults (BMI <25; ≥18 MET-hours/week), the aHRs for obese-active, lean-sedentary, and obese-sedentary adults were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.73-1.37), 2.08 (95% CI 1.21-3.33) and 3.40 (95% CI 2.06-5.56), respectively. Findings were similar for HCC-specific and cirrhosis-specific mortality. Overall, engaging in average-pace walking for >3 hours/week could have prevented 25% of liver-related deaths (95% CI 0.12-0.38). In 2 prospective, nationwide cohorts, both excess adiposity and reduced physical activity were significant predictors of liver-related mortality. Achieving higher physical activity levels counteracted the excess liver-related risks associated with obesity. This is the first large, prospective cohort study tosimultaneously evaluate the impact of obesity and physical activity on the long-term risk of liver-related mortality in 2 nationwide populations of American men and women. The study demonstrated that obesity predicted significantly increased risk of liver-related mortality, while physical activity predicted significantly lower risk of liver-related mortality. Importantly, the excess risk of liver-related mortality observed with obesity was no longer statistically significant among adults who engaged in the equivalent of average-pace walking for 3 hours or more, per week.

Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Risk by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Subsite: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Physical activity has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. However, data is lacking on whether the association is consistent between sexes and across different races/ethnicities and anatomic subsites of tumors. We analyzed data from the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California, consisting of mostly African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites ages 45-75 years at recruitment. During a mean follow-up of 16.8 years, 4,430 invasive adenocarcinoma cases of the colorectum were identified among 172,502 eligible participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HR and 95% confidence interval (CI). The multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest quintiles of physical activity (metabolic equivalent hours of moderate or vigorous activities per day) was 0.76 (0.66-0.87) in men (P trend < 0.001) and 0.94 (0.80-1.11) in women (P trend = 0.53, P heterogeneity by sex = 0.07). Sleeping and sitting hours were not associated with colorectal cancer risk both in men and women. In men, the inverse association was statistically significant among African Americans and Japanese Americans, for right colon and rectal cancer, and in all body mass index groups, although heterogeneity tests were not significant across race/ethnicity or anatomic subsite of tumors. The findings confirm the inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer, which appears to be stronger in men, and suggest possible differences in the strength of the association by race/ethnicity and anatomic subsite of tumors.

Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: links to physical activity and prefrailty in a 27-year follow up of older adults in the UK

ObjectivesTo assess sleep duration-mortality relationships across a 27-year follow-up period in a well characterized random sample of older people, and to test the hypothesis that mortality risks associated with long sleep duration confound with, and can be explained by, low levels of functional capacity indicative of frailty. MethodsFace-to-face interviews conducted among 1002 randomly sampled older (65+) people in 1985 provided baseline profiles of health, functional capacity, physical activity, and sleep quality and duration. Health and functional status in each of 6 sleep duration categories (≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ≥9 h) was examined. At censorship in 2012, 927 deaths were recorded. Relationships between sleep duration and 27-year all-cause mortality were then examined in a series of incrementally adjusted Cox regression models. ResultsAssociations between sleep duration and measures of sleep quality were predominantly linear, with longer sleep times indicating superior sleep quality. Relationships between sleep duration and functional capacity, on the other hand, were predominantly quadratic, with most approximating a U-shaped function. Adjusted for age, gender, social class, insomnia symptoms, physical health, depression, BMI and smoking status, long sleep duration and continuous hypnotic drug use at baseline were significantly and independently associated with elevated mortality risk (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05–1.78; HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01–1.51). When indices of frailty were added to the model, hazard ratios for long sleep duration and hypnotic drug became non-significant, while the lowest physical activity quintile and very slow walking speed significantly increased mortality risk (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.40–2.30; HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15–1.73 respectively). ConclusionsIn analyses of sleep-related mortality outcomes long sleep durations confound with, and may be indicative of, incipient frailty among older participants.

Association of Physical Activity With Risk of Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Men and Women

In China, the patterns and levels of physical activity differed from those in high-income countries. Substantial uncertainty remains about the relevance, both qualitatively and quantitatively, of domain-specific physical activity for cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes in Chinese adults. To assess the shape and strength of the associations of total, occupational, and nonoccupational physical activity with CVD subtypes in Chinese men and women. This population-based prospective cohort study in 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) areas across China included 487 334 adults who were aged 30 to 79 (mean 51) years with no prior CVD history when enrolled from June 2004 to July 2008. Self-reported total, occupational, and nonoccupational physical activity, quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day (MET-h/d) based on the type, frequency, and duration of specific activities. Major vascular events (n = 36 184) and their components, including major coronary events (n = 5082), ischemic stroke (n = 25 647), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 5252), and CVD death (n = 8437). Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios for each disease that was associated with physical activity. Of the 487 334 study participants, 287 527 (59%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 51 (10.5) years. The overall mean (SD) total physical activity was 21.5 (12.8) MET-h/d, mainly from occupational activity, especially among men (75% vs 50% in women). Total physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of major vascular events, with the adjusted hazard ratio that compared the top vs bottom quintiles of physical activity being 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.80). Throughout the range of total physical activity studied, the association with CVD with each 4 MET-h/d higher usual total physical activity (approximately 1 hour of brisk walking per day) associated with a 6% (95% CI, 5%-7%) lower risk of major vascular events, and a 9%, 5%, 6%, and 12% lower risk of major coronary events, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and CVD death, respectively. The strength of the associations was similar and independent of each other for occupational and nonoccupational physical activity. However, for occupational physical activity, the associations with CVD subtypes were greatly attenuated above 20 MET-h/d, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage. The associations of total physical activity with major vascular events were similar among men and women and across different levels of sedentary leisure time but were much weaker among individuals with high blood pressure. Among Chinese adults, higher occupational or nonoccupational physical activity was associated with significantly lower risks of major CVD.

Nonexercise Equations to Estimate Fitness in White European and South Asian Men

Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong, independent predictor of health, whether it is measured in an exercise test or estimated in an equation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate equations to estimate fitness in middle-age white European and South Asian men. Multiple linear regression models (n = 168, including 83 white European and 85 South Asian men) were created using variables that are thought to be important in predicting fitness (V˙O2max, mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹): age (yr), body mass index (kg·m⁻²), resting HR (bpm); smoking status (0, never smoked; 1, ex or current smoker), physical activity expressed as quintiles (0, quintile 1; 1, quintile 2; 2, quintile 3; 3, quintile 4; 4, quintile 5), categories of moderate- to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (0, <75 min·wk⁻¹; 1, 75-150 min·wk⁻¹; 2, >150-225 min·wk⁻¹; 3, >225-300 min·wk⁻¹; 4, >300 min·wk⁻¹), or minutes of MVPA (min·wk⁻¹); and, ethnicity (0, South Asian; 1, white). The leave-one-out cross-validation procedure was used to assess the generalizability, and the bootstrap and jackknife resampling techniques were used to estimate the variance and bias of the models. Around 70% of the variance in fitness was explained in models with an ethnicity variable, such as: V˙O2max = 77.409 - (age × 0.374) - (body mass index × 0.906) - (ex or current smoker × 1.976) + (physical activity quintile coefficient) - (resting HR × 0.066) + (white ethnicity × 8.032), where physical activity quintile 1 is 0, 2 is 1.127, 3 is 1.869, 4 is 3.793, and 5 is 3.029. Only around 50% of the variance was explained in models without an ethnicity variable. All models with an ethnicity variable were generalizable and had low variance and bias. These data demonstrate the importance of incorporating ethnicity in nonexercise equations to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in multiethnic populations.

Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Physical Activity, and Risk of Hearing Loss in Women

BackgroundAcquired hearing loss is highly prevalent, but prospective data on potentially modifiable risk factors are limited. In cross-sectional studies, higher body mass index (BMI), larger waist circumference, and lower physical activity have been associated with poorer hearing, but these have not been examined prospectively. MethodsWe examined the independent associations between BMI, waist circumference, and physical activity, and self-reported hearing loss in 68,421 women in the Nurses' Health Study II from 1989 to 2009. Baseline and updated information on BMI, waist circumference, and physical activity was obtained from biennial questionnaires. ResultsAfter more than 1.1 million person-years of follow-up, 11,286 cases of hearing loss were reported to have occurred. Higher BMI and larger waist circumference were associated with increased risk of hearing loss. Compared with women with BMI <25 kg/m2, the multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) for women with BMI ≥40 was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.37). Compared with women with waist circumference <71 cm, the multivariate-adjusted RR for waist circumference >88 cm was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.17-1.38). Higher physical activity was related inversely to risk; compared with women in the lowest quintile of physical activity, the multivariate-adjusted RR for women in the highest quintile was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.88). Walking 2 hours per week or more was associated inversely with risk. Simultaneous adjustment for BMI, waist circumference, and physical activity slightly attenuated the associations but they remained statistically significant. ConclusionsHigher BMI and larger waist circumference are associated with increased risk, and higher physical activity is associated with reduced risk of hearing loss in women. These findings provide evidence that maintaining healthy weight and staying physically active, potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, may help reduce the risk of hearing loss.

224 Physical Activity and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory disorders in which an intestinal barrier normally maintained by adaptive and innate immunity is disrupted. Physical activity enhances the innate immune response, decreases chronic inflammation, andmodulates autophagy, a cellular process known to play a role in pathogenesis of CD. We therefore sought to examine the association between physical activity and risk of UC and CD in two large prospective cohorts. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of US women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II since 1976 and 1989, respectively. A validated physical activity assessment was administered every four years starting in 1984 in NHS and 1989 in NHS II with greater than 90% follow-up. Diagnoses of CD and UC reported through 2007 in NHSII and 2008 in NHSI were confirmed through review of medical records by two gastroenterologists. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, smoking, bodymass index (BMI), history of appendectomy, and use of oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We evaluated effect modification by age, smoking, and BMI using cross-classified categories with physical activity. Results: Among a total of 198,248 women, we documented 268 incident cases of CD and 331 cases of UC over 24 years of follow-up encompassing a total of 3,733,120 person years. Increasing levels of physical activity were associated with progressively lower incidence of CD (p for linear trend = 0.04). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of physical activity (most sedentary), the multivariate-adjusted HRs of CD were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.50-1.07) for those in quintile 2; 1.01 (95% CI, 0.72-1.43) for quintile 3; 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48-1.03) for quintile 4; and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43-0.95) for quintile 5 (most active). Cumulative vigorous physical activity, defined as jogging, running, biking, swimming, tennis, aerobics, and other vigorous exercises, was also inversely associated with risk of CD (Ptrend = 0.03). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of cumulative vigorous physical activity, the multivariate-adjusted HR of CD among women in the highest quintile was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.44-0.98). In contrast, measures of either overall or vigorous physical activity were not associated with risk of UC (Ptrend = 0.44 and 0.27, respectively). Age, smoking, and BMI did not significantly modify associations between physical activity and risk of UC and CD (all Pinteraction. 0.35). Conclusions: In two large prospective cohorts of US women, physical activity was associated with a lower risk of incident CD but not UC. Future studies focusing on potential mechanisms, which mediate this association are needed.

225 Regulation of Menin Translation Through MicroRNA-29b by Polyamines Modulates Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory disorders in which an intestinal barrier normally maintained by adaptive and innate immunity is disrupted. Physical activity enhances the innate immune response, decreases chronic inflammation, andmodulates autophagy, a cellular process known to play a role in pathogenesis of CD. We therefore sought to examine the association between physical activity and risk of UC and CD in two large prospective cohorts. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of US women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II since 1976 and 1989, respectively. A validated physical activity assessment was administered every four years starting in 1984 in NHS and 1989 in NHS II with greater than 90% follow-up. Diagnoses of CD and UC reported through 2007 in NHSII and 2008 in NHSI were confirmed through review of medical records by two gastroenterologists. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, smoking, bodymass index (BMI), history of appendectomy, and use of oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We evaluated effect modification by age, smoking, and BMI using cross-classified categories with physical activity. Results: Among a total of 198,248 women, we documented 268 incident cases of CD and 331 cases of UC over 24 years of follow-up encompassing a total of 3,733,120 person years. Increasing levels of physical activity were associated with progressively lower incidence of CD (p for linear trend = 0.04). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of physical activity (most sedentary), the multivariate-adjusted HRs of CD were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.50-1.07) for those in quintile 2; 1.01 (95% CI, 0.72-1.43) for quintile 3; 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48-1.03) for quintile 4; and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43-0.95) for quintile 5 (most active). Cumulative vigorous physical activity, defined as jogging, running, biking, swimming, tennis, aerobics, and other vigorous exercises, was also inversely associated with risk of CD (Ptrend = 0.03). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of cumulative vigorous physical activity, the multivariate-adjusted HR of CD among women in the highest quintile was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.44-0.98). In contrast, measures of either overall or vigorous physical activity were not associated with risk of UC (Ptrend = 0.44 and 0.27, respectively). Age, smoking, and BMI did not significantly modify associations between physical activity and risk of UC and CD (all Pinteraction. 0.35). Conclusions: In two large prospective cohorts of US women, physical activity was associated with a lower risk of incident CD but not UC. Future studies focusing on potential mechanisms, which mediate this association are needed.

227 Loss of CD166 Expression Disrupts Paneth Cell Homeostasis Within the Small Intestinal Crypt

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory disorders in which an intestinal barrier normally maintained by adaptive and innate immunity is disrupted. Physical activity enhances the innate immune response, decreases chronic inflammation, andmodulates autophagy, a cellular process known to play a role in pathogenesis of CD. We therefore sought to examine the association between physical activity and risk of UC and CD in two large prospective cohorts. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of US women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II since 1976 and 1989, respectively. A validated physical activity assessment was administered every four years starting in 1984 in NHS and 1989 in NHS II with greater than 90% follow-up. Diagnoses of CD and UC reported through 2007 in NHSII and 2008 in NHSI were confirmed through review of medical records by two gastroenterologists. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, smoking, bodymass index (BMI), history of appendectomy, and use of oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormones, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We evaluated effect modification by age, smoking, and BMI using cross-classified categories with physical activity. Results: Among a total of 198,248 women, we documented 268 incident cases of CD and 331 cases of UC over 24 years of follow-up encompassing a total of 3,733,120 person years. Increasing levels of physical activity were associated with progressively lower incidence of CD (p for linear trend = 0.04). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of physical activity (most sedentary), the multivariate-adjusted HRs of CD were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.50-1.07) for those in quintile 2; 1.01 (95% CI, 0.72-1.43) for quintile 3; 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48-1.03) for quintile 4; and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43-0.95) for quintile 5 (most active). Cumulative vigorous physical activity, defined as jogging, running, biking, swimming, tennis, aerobics, and other vigorous exercises, was also inversely associated with risk of CD (Ptrend = 0.03). Compared to women in the lowest quintile of cumulative vigorous physical activity, the multivariate-adjusted HR of CD among women in the highest quintile was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.44-0.98). In contrast, measures of either overall or vigorous physical activity were not associated with risk of UC (Ptrend = 0.44 and 0.27, respectively). Age, smoking, and BMI did not significantly modify associations between physical activity and risk of UC and CD (all Pinteraction. 0.35). Conclusions: In two large prospective cohorts of US women, physical activity was associated with a lower risk of incident CD but not UC. Future studies focusing on potential mechanisms, which mediate this association are needed.

Patterns of objectively measured physical activity in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals (20-85 years): a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThe magnitude of the association between physical activity (PA) and obesity has been difficult to establish using questionnaires. The aim of the study was to evaluate patterns of PA across BMI-defined weight categories and to examine the independent contribution of PA on weight status, using accelerometers.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional population-based study of 3,867 adults and older people aged 20–85 years, living in Norway. PA was assessed for seven consecutive days using the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer. Anthropometrical data was self-reported and overweight and obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25–<30 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively.ResultsOverweight and obese participants performed less overall PA and PA of at least moderate intensity and took fewer steps, compared to normal weight participants. Although overall PA did not differ between weekdays and weekends, an interaction between BMI category and type of day was present, indicating a larger difference in overall PA between BMI categories on weekends compared to weekdays. Obese participants displayed 19% and 25% lower overall physical activity compared to normal weight participants, on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Participants in the most active quintile of overall PA had a 53% lower risk (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.60) for having a BMI above or below 25 kg/m2, and a 71% lower risk (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.44) for having a BMI above or below 30 kg/m2.ConclusionsOverweight and obese participants engaged in less overall PA and moderate and vigorous PA compared with normal weight individuals. The weight related differences in overall PA were most pronounced on the weekend and the risk of being overweight or obese decreases across quintiles of PA.

Television Watching, Leisure Time Physical Activity, and the Genetic Predisposition in Relation to Body Mass Index in Women and Men

Previous studies on gene-lifestyle interaction and obesity have focused mostly on the FTO gene and physical activity, whereas little attention has been paid to sedentary behavior as indicated by television (TV) watching. We analyzed interactions between TV watching, leisure time physical activity, and genetic predisposition in relation to body mass index (BMI) in 7740 women and 4564 men from 2 prospective cohorts: The Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Data on physical activity and TV watching were collected 2 years before assessment of BMI. A weighted genetic risk score was calculated on the basis of 32 established BMI-associated variants. In both women and men, the genetic associations with BMI strengthened with increased hours of TV watching. An increment of 10 points in the weighted genetic risk score was associated with 0.8 (SE, 0.4), 0.8 (SE, 0.2), 1.4 (SE, 0.2), 1.5 (SE, 0.2), and 3.4 (SE, 1.0) kg/m(2) higher BMI across the 5 categories of TV watching (0-1, 2-5, 6-20, 21-40, and >40 h/wk; P for interaction=0.001). In contrast, the genetic association with BMI weakened with increased levels of physical activity. An increment of 10 points in the weighted genetic risk score was associated with 1.5 (SE, 0.2), 1.3 (SE, 0.2), 1.2 (SE, 0.2), 1.2 (SE, 0.2), and 0.8 (SE, 0.2) kg/m(2) higher BMI across the quintiles of physical activity. The interactions of TV watching and physical activity with genetic predisposition in relation to BMI were independent of each other. A sedentary lifestyle, indicated by prolonged TV watching, may accentuate the predisposition to elevated adiposity, whereas greater leisure time physical activity may attenuate the genetic association.

The Association Between Physical Activity and the Risk of Incident Psoriasis

To examine the association between total physical activity, walking, and vigorous exercise and the incidence of psoriasis in women. Cohort study. The Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of 116,430 women aged 27 to 44 years in 1991. The study population included 86,655 US female nurses who reported whether they had ever been diagnosed as having psoriasis and who completed detailed physical activity questionnaires in 1991, 1997, and 2001. We excluded participants with a history of psoriasis prior to 1991. Risk of psoriasis by quintile of physical activity as measured by a metabolic equivalent task score. We documented 1026 incident psoriasis cases during 1,195,703 person-years of follow-up (14 years, 1991-2005). After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol use, increasing physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of psoriasis. The most physically active quintile of women had a lower multivariate relative risk (RR) of psoriasis (0.72 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89; P < .001 for trend]) compared with the least active quintile. Vigorous physical activity (≥6 metabolic equivalents) was associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis (multivariate RR for the highest quintile, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.81; P < .001 for trend]); this association remained significant after adjusting for body mass index (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.60-0.90; P = .009 for trend]). Walking was not associated with psoriasis risk. In a subset of 550 confirmed psoriasis cases, we observed a similarly reduced risk of psoriasis associated with vigorous physical activity (multivariate RR for the highest quintile, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48-0.86; P = .03 for trend]). In this study of US women, vigorous physical activity is independently associated with a reduced risk of incident psoriasis.

Serum uric acid is associated with dietary and lifestyle factors in elderly women in suburban Guangzhou in Guangdong province of south China.

To estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and lifestyle risk factors for hyperuricemia in elderly women. Cross-sectional study. The suburban area of Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. The study included 856 Chinese women aged 60 to 102 years who received their annual health examinations in the suburban area of Guangzhou, south China in 2002. Information on anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors were obtained via a questionnaire processed by the attending physicians or nurses. Blood biochemistry was performed after subjects fasted for 8-14 h. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate associations between hyperuricemia, meat intake quintiles, physical activity quintiles, and alcohol intake quintiles. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the studied population was 12.01%. Alcohol, meat and seafood consumption; being overweight or obese; hypertension; and abnormal triglyceride levels were strongly associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. Physical activity was inversely related to the prevalence of hyperuricemia. The odds ratios for hyperuricemia for quintiles of physical activity were 1.00, 0.74, 0.72, 0.63, and 0.55 (P<0.01). Our data suggest that the prevalence of hyperuricemia is high in elderly women in suburban Guangzhou in Guangdong province of South China. Obesity, meat and seafood intake and alcohol consumption are associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia, whereas daily physical activity is inversely related to the prevalence of hyperuricemia.

Abstract 004: Physical Activity, Television Watching and Genetic Predisposition in Relation to Body Mass Index in Women and Men

Background Previous studies on gene-lifestyle interaction and obesity have largely focused on a single locus, the FTO gene, and overall physical activity, while little attention has been given in the association for sedentary activity as indicated by television (TV) watching. We examined the interactions between leisure-time physical activity and TV watching and the genetic predisposition to increased body mass index (BMI). Methods Longitudinal data were obtained from 7740 women and 4564 men from 2 prospective cohorts: the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Data on physical activity and TV watching were collected 2 years prior to assessment of BMI. A genetic predisposition score was calculated on basis of 32 established BMI-predisposing variants. Results Overall, each additional BMI-increasing allele was associated with an increase of 0.13 (SE 0.01) kg/m 2 in BMI. The effect size for BMI in individuals in the highest physical activity quintile was attenuated compared to that in individuals in the lowest physical activity quintile (0.08 [0.02] vs 0.15 [0.02] kg/m 2 ; P for interaction &lt;0.001). In contrast, the genetic effect on BMI was more pronounced in individuals who spent &gt;40 h/wk of TV watching than that in individuals who spent 0-1 h/wk of TV watching (0.34 [0.10] vs 0.08 [0.04] kg/m 2 ; P for interaction =0.001). Each 4 Mets/d increment in physical activity (equivalents to 1h/d of brisk walking) was associated with a 0.06 (95% CI 0.03-0.08) kg/m 2 reduction in BMI (∼46% of the main effect of each additional BMI-increasing allele), while each 2 h/d increment in TV watching was associated with a 0.03 (0.01-0.06) kg/m 2 increase in BMI (∼23% of the main effect). We estimated that the difference in BMI (∼4.0 kg/m 2 , equivalents to 11.6 kg in body weight for a person 1.70 m tall) between individuals with a genetic predisposition score of 13 (minimum) and those with a score of 43(maximum) could be reduced by half (2.1 kg/m 2 , 6.1 kg in weight) by 1 h/d of brisk walking or increased by 25% (5.0 kg/m 2 , 14.5 kg in weight) by 2h/d of TV watching. Conclusions Greater leisure-time physical activity attenuates the genetic predisposition to increased BMI, whereas sedentary lifestyle indicated by prolonged TV watching accentuates the genetic effects on BMI. Our data suggest that both increasing exercise levels and reducing sedentary behaviors, especially TV watching, independently may mitigate the genetic predisposition to increased BMI.