QuickTime Virtual Reality Research Articles

Design of Digital Museum System Based on Optimized Virtual Reality Technology

Although China's cultural characteristics were diverse, its museum supply is limited. Traditional institutions would be unable to meet the people's needs for culture dissemination, historic preservation, cultural exchange, and science and research in history's era of the internet. By utilizing VR Technology in the field of furniture decorating, a new viewpoint and method for the development of a virtual museum are unveiled. Using optimum VR Technology in museum exhibition design based on the ideas of architecture, atmospheric art, light settings, coloring style, and ecological design, humans may be presented with natural and cultural heritages. The advancement of completely separate HTML text languages, QuickTime Virtual Reality innovation, Interactive Virtual Model-based Linguistic, three-dimensional (3D) applications, and data interaction systems for the exhibition has done result from an inquiry into virtual reality's history, definition, application, and present state. Ultimately, the planned work's effectiveness is analyzed and compared to other related projects to maximize its efficacy. Using the Origins software, the results of this study are shown.

Tackling Crime and Fear of Crime While Waiting at Britain’s Railway Stations

Crime on the railways in Britain is an increasing concern for train operating companies, the British Transport Police (BTP), passengers, and local residents. Significantly, rail users consistently perceive their risks from crime to be considerably higher than official crime statistics indicate, having a negative affect on levels of patronage. This article presents an exploratory study of passengers’ fear of crime while waiting at railway stations using Quick Time Virtual Reality (QTVR) walkthrough scenes. QTVR arguably represents an innovative, dynamic, and interactive environmental stimulus for gaining insights into passengers’ fear of crime. Visibility at stations was identified as a crucial factor in determining levels of fear of crime. The design of the station shelter is analyzed as an example of how crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is being implemented on railway stations by Valley Lines (Wales and Borders Trains) on its network in South Wales (UK).

Calibration of high dynamic range images for applied color and lighting research.

The main objective of this work is to determine the most appropriate high dynamic range picture calibration procedure for measuring luminance and color, in the context of architecture. Three professional digital single-lens reflex cameras fitted with fisheye lenses were tested. Photometric and colorimetric accuracy was assessed in comparison with spectroradiometer measurements of 57 color samples (Macbeth chart and additional Munsell samples). The results demonstrate that using a calibration model specific to the camera-lens association rather than the standardized RGB to XYZ color transform matrix is necessary to achieve an acceptable colorimetric accuracy. Moreover, using a specific color transform matrix reduces the error in luminance, especially for colorful elements. The study also shows the opportunity to share the same color transform matrix between similar photographic materials (same brand and model). Finally, among the three tested devices, one camera-lens association has higher performance and produces better quality QuickTime Virtual Reality panoramas.

X-RAY MORPHOLOGICAL SEMIOTICS OF NON-TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL PULMONARY DISEASE

Objective: to evaluate the X-ray radiological features of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD) versus morphological findings.Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 37 patients, in whom the radiographic signs of dissemination were determined and various types of NTMPD were identified. The investigation was conducted on a Siemens Somatom Emotion 16 multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scanner using a high-resolution algorithm (Quick Time Virtual Reality). To clarify the activity of pathological changes in the thoracic organs, 16 (43.2%) patients underwent a radionuclide study with 99mTc-technetrile on a Nucline Spirit gamma camera in planar and single photon emission computed tomography modes.The diagnosis was verified by sputum smear microscopy and clinical laboratory and bronchologic examinations: bronchoalveolar lavage in 11 (29.7%) patients, various types of bronchial biopsies in 17 (46.0%), morphological examinations, and videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary resection in 9 (24.3%).Results. The dissemination foci in mycobacterial diseases were characterized by their location in the lung parenchyma with vascular and bronchial involvement and reactive changes in the pulmonary pleurae and intrathoracic lymph nodes (ITLN). In 92.7% of cases, the detected foci were predominantly centrilobular with endobronchial localization. Their contours were mixed with clear and fuzzy outlines in 98.7% of cases. In 70.3% of cases, the foci were asymmetrically localized mainly in the subpleural areas of the lung and 12.3% of cases were accompanied by reactive involvement of the visceral pleura.CT study revealed a tree-in-bud sign in 96.7% of cases, frosted glass in 10.2%, and mosaic perfusion in 13.2%. A more than 10-mm increase in ITLN was found in 11.7% of cases.In a number of cases, it was difficult to speak about the activity of the pathological process in the lung and ITLN, as shown by MSCT. In this case, a lung radionuclide study with 99mTc-technetrile was carried out in the planar mode. The degree of tracer accumulation, localization, and extent were analyzed in the planar mode.Conclusion. Thus, the CT typical signs of NTMPD are the asymmetric location of its foci with an endobronchial extension, peribronchovascular localization of foci; the presence of a CT tree-in-bud sign; and the slight involvement of the pulmonary pleurae in the process. 99mTs-technetril radionuclide study has established that the most active inflammatory process is located in the lung and the tracer accumulates in the pathologically altered lymph nodes.

AN ANATOMICAL MODEL OF HEAD IN WAX MADE BY ZUMBO (1700): OBSERVATION AND PHOTOGRAPHICAL TRI‐DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

A composite head in wax which was mounted on a real skeleton, was studied. It was photographed with a numerical camera, in rotation every 5° all along 360° and with three incidences in relationship with the sample: horizontal, at 25° and at 50°. 72 photographs were shot in each incidence, i.e.: a total of 216 was obtained. This wax was realized in the year 1700 by Gaetano Zumbo. It belonged to the Orfila museum collection closed in december 2009. The Quick Time Virtual Reality software permited the tri‐dimensional photographic reconstruction. The introduction on the internet permitted to spread the knowledge of this sample to the general public. he photographic data completed previous personal works (Le Floch‐Prigent, 1999; Le Floch‐Prigent, Guerini, Chevrot, 2006) radiographical ones and CT‐scanographical ones which proved the composite nature of the sample and the youth and female nature of the underneath head skeleton with an intra‐cranial capacity of 1350cc3.

“LEFT HEMICRANIUM: CRANIAL NERVES” AN ANATOMICAL MODEL IN WAX BY TRAMOND (ORFILA MUSEUM, PARIS): STUDY AND RECONSTRUCTION BY PHOTOGRAPHY IN ROTATION

An anatomical model in wax by Tramond (middle of the 19th century) represented the cranial nerves of a left hemicranium. The aim of the study was to verify its anatomical veracity; to realize a tri‐dimensional vizualisation by computer; and finally to digitize them. It belonged to the Orfila museum (Paris). It represented the last cranial nerves specially the facial nerve and its branches. To perform the photographic rotation every 5° along 360°, we used a special device made of two identical, superimposed, marble disks linked by a ball bearing. A numerical camera and the Quick Time Virtual Reality software were used. 72 pictures were shot. This wax was realized with a great morphological accuracy from a true cranium as a support for the cranial nerves. The Orfila museum was closed and evacuated on december 2009.

« Hémicrâne gauche, les nerfs crâniens » par Tramond : pièce anatomique en cire des musées Delmas, Orfila et Rouvière à Paris : description et reconstruction photographique tridimensionnelle (RPTD)

An anatomical model in wax made by Tramond (middle of the 19th century) represented the cranial nerves of a left hemicranium. The aim of the study was to verify its anatomical veracity, to realize a tri-dimensional visualization by computer, and finally to numerize and to diffuse it to the general public in the purpose of culture on the internet. The model belonged to the Delmas, Orfila and Rouvière Museum (Paris Descartes university). It represented the cranial nerves especially the facial and the trigeminal nerves and their branches. To perform the photographic rotation every 5° along 360°, we used a special device made of two identical superimposed marble disks linked by a ball bearing. A digital camera and the Quick Time Virtual Reality software were used. Seventy-two pictures were shot. This wax was realized with a great morphological accuracy from a true cranium as a support for the cranial nerves. The work of numerization and its free diffusion on the Internet permitted to deliver to everybody the images of this sample of the collection of the Orfila Museum, the pieces of which were evacuated on December 2009 after its closure.

Teaching Veterinary Obstetrics Using Three-Dimensional Animation Technology

In this three-year study, test scores for students taught veterinary obstetrics in a classroom setting with either traditional media (photographs, text, and two-dimensional graphical presentations) were compared with those for students taught by incorporating three-dimensional (3D) media (linear animations and interactive QuickTime Virtual Reality models) into the classroom lectures. Incorporation of the 3D animations and interactive models significantly increased students' scores on essay questions designed to assess their comprehension of the subject matter. This approach to education may help to better prepare students for dealing with obstetrical cases during their final clinical year and after graduation.

Reproducibility in the diagnosis of needle core biopsies of non‐palpable breast lesions: an international study using virtual slides published on the world‐wide web

To conduct an internet-based study using virtual slides (VS) of sterotactic core biopsy specimens of non-palpable breast lesions in order to evaluate interobserver reproducibility between pathologists. A total of 18 breast lesions, determined to be histologically complex by two pathologists, were selected. Digitized VSs were then created using QuickTime Virtual Reality technology (Apple, Cupertino, CA, USA) and posted on the world-wide web. In all, 10 pathologists completed the evaluations of 18 VSs using the five diagnostic categories (B1-B5) from the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Their results were compared with those of every other participating pathologist, and were then individually compared with the results of a highly experienced breast pathologist (referee). Of the 18 cases, 10 (56%) were classified by the referee as borderline (B3 and B4). Comparisons with reference values showed a less than satisfactory level of reproducibility (median kappa(w) = 0.60). As regards interobserver reproducibility, results showed that, in general, the level of agreement was not satisfactory (median kappa(w) = 0.53). Overall, the findings are comparable to those quality control studies using circulating slides when analysis is done on borderline cases.

Quick-Time VRTM: when medical education meets virtual reality

Learning medicine is a difficult process to undertake, partially due to the complexity of the subject and limitations of traditional methods of teaching (lectures, textbooks, laboratory and anatomical dissections). These resources have been effective for decades, even though presenting intrinsic drawbacks. Textbooks are non-interactive education tools and do not provide any three dimensional experience. Cadaver dissection is an invaluable aid to learn anatomy. It provides an immersive, interactive experience allied with an inimitable tactile feedback. However, it has several limitations, including availability of specimens, costs and a substantial time commitment. Computer based virtual reality methods may overcome these drawbacks and provide interesting alternatives for medical training. Technological advances have generated great expectations for the use of computer-based virtual reality technologies in medical education, mainly anatomy and surgery. However, these Virtual Reality tools for general medical education are expensive due to the equipment necessary to create highly detailed, immersive three-dimensional image environments with real time friendly user interactivity. The concepts of Virtual Reality methods that generate immersive environments, as well as those that create simulated objects with interactive viewing features may be contemplated by the QuickTimeTM which is one of the technologies that can be successfully used for interactive, photorealistic displaying of medical images (radiological, anatomical and histological) and interaction on current generation of personal computers at a low and accessible cost. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the Quick Time Virtual Reality methods aiming to introduce them to medical educators and illustrate their application on medical training.

« Les nerfs de la face » par Tramond : pièce anatomique en cire des musées Delmas, Orfila et Rouvière à Paris

The aim of the study was to check the anatomical veracity of the model of wax no. 262, from the Delmas, Orfila and Rouvière museums, 45, rue des Saints Pères, Paris 6th, made by Tramond M.D., entitled "nerves of the face". We successively took several numerical photographs with several view angles; anatomically described the nerves of the face as they were represented on this model; correlated the anatomical veracity of this representation with the classical, textbooks' data; approached the technical bases of fabrication; and collected successive photographs of the model every 5 degrees , all along 180 degrees , thus allowing an animated rotation on computer, using the QuickTime Virtual Reality program. The oversize of the model excluded a set on a real human skeleton. The building technique of the model was deduced from known data but could not be completely reported. The anatomical veracity of the sample was excellent. The difficulties of realization in wax of an oversized model of the nerves of the human face were solved in the late 19th century, in Paris by Tramond's factory. They remained unequalled.

Web‐based interactive 3D visualization as a tool for improved anatomy learning

Despite a long tradition, conventional anatomy education based on dissection is declining. This study tested a new virtual reality (VR) technique for anatomy learning based on virtual contrast injection. The aim was to assess whether students value this new three-dimensional (3D) visualization method as a learning tool and what value they gain from its use in reaching their anatomical learning objectives. Several 3D vascular VR models were created using an interactive segmentation tool based on the "virtual contrast injection" method. This method allows users, with relative ease, to convert computer tomography or magnetic resonance images into vivid 3D VR movies using the OsiriX software equipped with the CMIV CTA plug-in. Once created using the segmentation tool, the image series were exported in Quick Time Virtual Reality (QTVR) format and integrated within a web framework of the Educational Virtual Anatomy (EVA) program. A total of nine QTVR movies were produced encompassing most of the major arteries of the body. These movies were supplemented with associated information, color keys, and notes. The results indicate that, in general, students' attitudes towards the EVA-program were positive when compared with anatomy textbooks, but results were not the same with dissections. Additionally, knowledge tests suggest a potentially beneficial effect on learning.

How Animals Work

Molecular biology and advanced techniques informed by chemistry and physics have changed biological research and teaching. Today's students take for granted that as they study the life sciences, they will hear a lot about genes and molecules. Sir William Harvey would be profoundly disorientated and then gratified by a visit to the Harvey Society's website (www.harveysociety.org). The man who accurately described the functional anatomy of the circulatory system would appreciate the extent to which his evidence-based approach to animal physiology has won the day. Indeed, understanding life processes at a molecular level is immensely satisfying. Three cheers for reductionism (Figure 1). Figure 1. The i heart guts website sells plush toys based on most of your favorite internal organs. It can be difficult, however, to fully appreciate the beauty of molecular details if the larger functions they serve are poorly understood. After all, it is the anatomical genius of the circulatory system that ensures that every cell of the body benefits from the marvel of hemoglobin. The steadily growing body of biological information makes it more challenging to preserve places in the curriculum to provide organismal and physiological context for students, and to cultivate deep thinking about how complex biological systems function through emergent properties of molecular mechanics. We are all interested in how our bodies work and are obsessed, if not enthralled, by our innards, or as one website (http://iheartguts.com/) would put it, “we heart guts.” My main goal for this review is to uncover websites that can be used to infuse the biology curriculum with systems and organismal context. Because a human anatomy and physiology (A&P) sequence is still part of most life science curricula, websites that support the teaching of A&P vastly outnumber websites concerned with general physiological principles or comparative physiology and anatomy. I highlight websites that emphasize fundamental principles and a comparative approach, but I also point to several excellent sites devoted to human A&P (Figure 2). Figure 2. The University of Utah Medical Library has a number of outstanding educational resources and tutorials on its Knowledge Weavers website, including an excellent animation of the circulation through the heart. To honor Harvey, let's begin by looking at a website that does an outstanding job of showing how our hearts work. The Knowledge Weavers website (http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/) from the University of Utah medical library offers many excellent resources. Their Flash-animated heart (http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/resources.html#animations) is one of the best of many available on the Web. The action of the heart is linked to dynamic graphs of blood pressure/volume, electrocardiogram, and heart sounds. The progress of the heart cycle is tracked by systole and diastole, in turn subdivided into relevant phases, and controls are available to run the animation fast, slow, or in step-through mode. The Flash console conveniently locates links to tutorials. The tutorials, by dissecting the animation step by step, should help students consolidate their learning based on the animation. It would be an interesting assessment to have students make their own tutorials and then see how they measure up to those made by the website authors. In addition to the cardiology information, the site also has an interesting concept for presenting a functional neural pathway. The Osteointeractive section (http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/osteo/index2.html) is noteworthy in presenting topics such as forensic anthropology and paleopathology, including the use of bones for human rights work. They've also developed tools to help faculty make multimedia and Web-based quizzes.

Construction of three-dimensional tooth model by micro-computed tomography and application for data sharing

The study of dental morphology is essential in terms of phylogeny. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) measurement devices have enabled us to make 3D images of teeth without destruction of samples. However, raw fundamental data on tooth shape requires complex equipment and techniques. An online database of 3D teeth models is therefore indispensable. We aimed to explore the basic methodology for constructing 3D teeth models, with application for data sharing. Geometric information on the human permanent upper left incisor was obtained using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Enamel, dentine, and pulp were segmented by thresholding of different gray-scale intensities. Segmented data were separately exported in STereo-Lithography Interface Format (STL). STL data were converted to Wavefront OBJ (OBJect), as many 3D computer graphics programs support the Wavefront OBJ format. Data were also applied to Quick Time Virtual Reality (QTVR) format, which allows the image to be viewed from any direction. In addition to Wavefront OBJ and QTVR data, the original CT series were provided as 16-bit Tag Image File Format (TIFF) images on the website. In conclusion, 3D teeth models were constructed in general-purpose data formats, using micro-CT and commercially available programs. Teeth models that can be used widely would benefit all those who study dental morphology.

The Use of OsiriX & Adobe Flash to Deliver Case‐Based Radiology to the Classroom & through the Internet

The cadaver is the primary teaching tool for the study of medical gross anatomy. However, clinical evaluation of internal anatomy is frequently accomplished using various imaging techniques (e.g. MRI and CT scans). Therefore, we created an Internet‐based tutorial as an ancillary teaching tool for students taking gross anatomy. Using a HIPPA‐approved protocol, we obtained permission to access DICOM files from the hospital medical server (PACS). Using PACS, DICOM files were sent directly to OsiriX. From OsiriX all personal identifying information was removed (anonymized) and the files were exported as a JPEG image set and QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) movie. The exported material was used to populate the Internet‐based interactive tutorial that was created using Adobe Flash. Tools within the tutorial enable the user to scroll through the image set and select an individual image that can be panned, zoomed, rotated, and reset. Links from the Internet‐based tutorial to QTVR movies allow rotation of objects in three dimensions. In addition, the interactive application displays self‐learning text related to the displayed material. We conclude that the Internet‐based tutorial aids in the education, review, and understanding of normal human anatomy.

One digital library, two undergraduate classes, and four learning modules: Uses of a digital library in classrooms

AbstractThe KMODDL (kinematic models for design digital library) is a digital library based on a historical collection of kinematic models made of steel and bronze. The digital library contains four types of learning modules including textual materials, QuickTime virtual reality movies, Java simulations, and stereolithographic files of the physical models. The authors report an evaluation study on the uses of the KMODDL in two undergraduate classes. This research reveals that the users in different classes encountered different usability problems, and reported quantitatively different subjective experiences. Further, the results indicate that depending on the subject area, the two user groups preferred different types of learning modules, resulting in different uses of the available materials and different learning outcomes. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future digital library design.

Are We There Yet? Virtually!

WHEN funding is low and gas prices are high, it is more difficult than ever for administrators to plan field trips for the students in their schools. As the World Wide Web is evolving to include such technologies as movies, sounds, and interactive websites, administrators now have the option of allowing their students to embark on a virtual field trip. The sites contained in this listing are educational in nature, sometimes interactive, and free. www.whitehouse.gov/kids A trip to Washington, D.C., is probably out of the question for most schools in the nation, so this website offers a great way to learn about the history of the White House, the current Administration's pets, and other facts. It is geared for younger learners and contains interactive games, puzzles, and videos related to the White House. www.whitehouse.gov/history/whtour For older students, a virtual tour of the White House is just a mouse click away at this site. >From the Red Room to the Blue Room to the Library, there is a lot of useful information regarding biographies, events, and traditions. And if you click on the image presented in an individual room, you'll see even finer details. www.nasa.gov/home/index. html?skipIntro=1 No matter how healthy your school budget, your students won't be visiting Mars anytime soon. That is, unless they want to check out the website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, where they can see video reports from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Spend some time learning about outer space by watching movies of the space shuttle or viewing pictures and reading about various space missions. And do all this online in the comfort of your own school. www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ easter/textindex.html Travel from the U.S. to Easter Island using the Internet. This website will allow you to visit, explore, and read about the lost civilizations and stone carvings of Easter Island. The site includes great photographs and QuickTime VR (virtual reality) movies for most of the locations on Easter Island. www.fullscreenqtvr.com With its QuickTime VR field trips to the Grand Canyon, Mars, or the Vatican, this website would be a great companion for specifically tailored lessons in history, geography, or even art. Each of the QuickTime VR movies appears in full screen and uses high-resolution images. www.vthawaii.com When the cold of winter seeps into the hallways of your school, why not take your students on a virtual tour of Hawaii? This website includes text information, QuickTime VR, and photographs that allow anyone to explore Hawaii via the Internet. …

Documentation of Bridge Inspection Projects Using Virtual Reality Approach

Recent research has revealed that the nondestructive evaluation technique used most often to assess the physical condition of a bridge is visual inspection. During a routine visual inspection, observations and/or measurements are made and then recorded by means of field sketches, written descriptions, and site photographs. This information is ultimately entered into a bridge management system where it is maintained and used to make decisions regarding future maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement of the bridge. Recognizing the importance of such documentation, this paper reports on the use of QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) for recording and managing information normally collected during a routine inspection. With this technology, bridge inspection projects can be documented in an interactive, virtual reality format and supplement customary inspection reports. The specific details related to QTVR development (including field procedures and multimedia techniques) as applied to various bridge inspection projects are discussed in this paper. The study concludes with a discussion of the potential impact of the QTVR technology in bridge inspection.

Developing and Implementing an Assessment Method to Evaluate a Virtual Canine Anatomy Program

A computer-based anatomy program, Virtual Canine Anatomy: The Head, was incorporated into a first-year veterinary dissection laboratory two years ago to address challenges inherent in the traditional pedagogical approach. The program uses specimen photographs, QuickTime Virtual Reality, and interactive features to help students study the dissection, osteology, and radiology of the canine head. Photographs of each phase of dissection are displayed in the program, along with dissection instructions. Students can click on anatomical structures in each photograph to highlight the selected structure and display a complete description of it. Related structures and views are accessible through hyperlinks. This study was designed to measure student and faculty attitudes toward the instructional software, to gauge its effect on student achievement, and to propose evaluation methodology and instrumentation for similar projects. Observations, interviews, focus groups, surveys, and test results were used for this assessment. Results suggest positive student and faculty attitudes toward the program. Students felt the program met their needs, increased their confidence and efficiency, and was easy to use. Both students and instructors felt the program was beneficial during dissection. There was no significant change in student achievement on course tests. Future research will measure the program's effect on student-instructor interactions.

Teaching sonar methods and technologies using a practical, real-life research environment

The results and current developments of an educational outreach website and CD-ROM which allows students and instructors to follow the day-by-day progress of an ocean research expedition aboard the R/V Thomas G. Thompson are presented. Sonar concepts, techniques, and technologies are explained through daily updates, science objectives, data results, and lesson outlines. As the greatest source of data collected on the expedition, sonar technologies play a large role in the outreach effort. Students are exposed to hullmounted bathymetry data collection instrumentation that includes the EM300 and Hydrosweep, multibeam sonar systems. The concept of deep towed, side scan-sonar is introduced through the DSL-120 system (WHOI). Students are also introduced to sonar technologies incorporated into remotely operated vehicles like Jason II/ Madea. These include the Imagenex 855 scanning sonar, the RDI bottom-tracking Doppler velocity logger, as well as navigational transponders. Each instrument and educational concept is detailed using video, Quick Time Virtual Reality, html text, and/or images. Using a Marisat satellite link, students are able to ask the researchers questions about their work and findings. [Work supported by a supplement to NSF/OCE-0002584 project: Collaborative Research: Studies of Deep-sourced Mud Volcanism in the Mariana Forearc: A DSL120, Jason ROV, and Coring Program.]