Quick Reference Research Articles

THE ANTHOCYANIN METAL INTERACTIONS: AN OVERVIEW

Anthocyanin is one of the phenolic compounds found in various parts of plants. Its study has become an area of scientific exploration due to reports gathered on its reactivity, bioactive properties, and usefulness in pharmaceutics, agriculture and food production. This study investigated recently characterized anthocyanins to identify variations based on plants, plant parts, the ligand characteristics of the isolated anthocyanin, and the need for quick reference for natural product chemists in the areas of isolation and synthesis. The in vivo and in vitro metal anthocyanin complexes (MAC) were investigated to expand isolated compounds, synthesis, characterization, and study probable kinetics involving new MAC and its applications. The data reviewed was obtained from research reports found on the Web from 2014 to 2023. Results of the reviewed studies indicate anthocyanins have been isolated and characterized from different plants and all plant parts: leaves, pulp, seeds, peels, stems, and roots. The anthocyanidins (aglycone) have been derivatized through hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation due to the presence of many reactive centers, producing over 800 forms of anthocyanins characterized to date. Chelation of anthocyanin in vitro has been studied with several metals and metalloids, using the outcome in some cases to monitor and re-produce compounds formed in vivo. Several applications of anthocyanins and MAC have been found and are still under investigation, anthocyanins and its derivatives are being screened for ethnobotanical roles and their random applications in other human endeavors.

The Role of Nutrition in Non-Communicable Diseases: Literature Review

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and certain types of cancer, collectively referred to as NCDs, are a global concern and contribute to about 71% of the total global mortality. This paper focuses on examining nutrition in an attempt to understand how it influences these diseases since the consumption of certain foods is a modifiable risk factor. The results reveal that an increased concentration of fruits and vegetables, whole meal grains, and health-promoting fats can help reduce the vulnerability to NCDs, but a high diet of processed foods and sugar makes the problem worse. However, there is still a dearth of knowledge on the multifaceted processes regarding how particular diet patterns influence NCDs. This study synthesizes available literature on nutrition and NCDs concerning how dietary patterns and nutrient intakes influence the prevention and treatment of diseases. Conclusions are drawn from numerous investigations, stressing the positive effects of dietary modifications like Mediterranean and DASH diets on NCD risk and actual health status. This review contributes to the future development of nutrition and health as a quick reference for researchers about the specific effects of nutrition on health. However, some barriers have not yet been solved like the incidence of unhealthy dietary patterns. Subsequent research should closely examine factors that can be employed that would ensure the effective administration of both nutritional interventions as well as the formulation of improved public health policies that would ensure a change of habits and eating behaviors in a bid to reduce the effects of NCDs.

The Flu-ID: A New Evidence-Based Method of Assessing Fluency in Aphasia.

Assessing fluency in aphasia is diagnostically important for determining aphasia type and severity and therapeutically important for determining appropriate treatment targets. However, wide variability in the measures and criteria used to assess fluency, as revealed by a recent survey of clinicians (Gordon & Clough, 2022), results in poor reliability. Furthermore, poor specificity in many fluency measures makes it difficult to identify the underlying impairments. Here, we introduce the Flu-ID Aphasia, an evidence-based tool that provides a more informative method of assessing fluency by capturing the range of behaviors that can affect the flow of speech in aphasia. The development of the Flu-ID was based on prior evidence about factors underlying fluency (Clough & Gordon, 2020; Gordon & Clough, 2020) and clinical perceptions about the measurement of fluency (Gordon & Clough, 2022). Clinical utility is maximized by automated counting of fluency behaviors in an Excel template. Reliability is maximized by outlining thorough guidelines for transcription and coding. Eighteen narrative samples representing a range of fluency were coded independently by the authors to examine the Flu-ID's utility, reliability, and validity. Overall reliability was very good, with point-to-point agreement of 86% between coders. Ten of the 12 dimensions showed good to excellent reliability. Validity analyses indicated that Flu-ID scores were similar to clinician ratings on some dimensions, but differed on others. Possible reasons and implications of the discrepancies are discussed, along with opportunities for improvement. The Flu-ID assesses fluency in aphasia using a consistent and comprehensive set of measures and semi-automated procedures to generate individual fluency profiles. The profiles generated in the current study illustrate how similar ratings of fluency can arise from different underlying impairments. Supplemental materials include an analysis template, extensive guidelines for transcription and coding, a completed sample, and a quick reference guide. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27078199.

Standards for the Implementation, Analysis, Interpretation, and Reporting of 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Recommendations of the Italian Society of Hypertension.

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is recognized as a reference tool for accurately diagnosing hypertension. Until a few years ago, this technique was restricted to use by specialists. Recently, however, due to the need for wider availability and thanks to technological innovation, simplification of analysis processes, and increasing recognition of the importance of this tool for the diagnosis of hypertension, ABPM is now also being used in non-specialist settings. In such settings, ABPM is used with a two-pronged approach: (i) independently by a general practitioner with the possibility of specialist supervision for particular and complex cases; (ii) in the non-medical setting (community pharmacies, home care services, etc.) where the healthcare provider is trained in the proper use of the technique, with the understanding a physician must be responsible for the final clinical reporting. Unfortunately, due to the increasingly wide diffusion of ABPM, there has been considerable confusion about management roles and responsibilities in recent years. To clarify competencies and roles and standardize the processes related to the technique's implementation and proper management, experts of the Blood Pressure Monitoring Working Group of the Italian Society of Hypertension have drafted this document with the aim of providing a quick and easy reference guide for training healthcare professionals in the field.

New Modes of Practice: A Framework Analysis of School Nurses' Accounts of Working With Children and Young People During COVID-19.

To identify new and accelerated modes of practice used by school nurses during the COVID pandemic. To create a quick reference infographic bringing together experiential evidence on the range and considerations regarding different modes of practice for use by the school nursing community of practice. A descriptive qualitative secondary data analysis of open-ended questions in a survey, and focus groups with school nurses. The pragmatic aim was to focus on changes in school nurse modes of practice to ensure continued engagement with children and young people, and school nurses' experience of the benefits and challenges of these modes of practice. Data were collected from 98 school nurse participants across a United Kingdom-wide survey (n78) in April to May 2022, and focus groups (n20) in June to July 2022, within the School Nursing in the Time of COVID project. Data from the seven open-ended questions in the survey and four questions from the focus group were analysed using the framework approach. Modes of practice fell into two categories: individual assessment and support (video-calling platforms, telephone contact, virtual messaging, walk-and-talks and home visits) and group support (wellbeing approaches, social media). Considerations for these modes rooted in school nurses' experience are described. Interpretations were used to create the summarising evidence-based infographic as a quick reference resource for school nurses. There was no 'one size fits all' approach. The modes used by school nurses were adopted or developed out of necessity or resource availability and in response to the specific needs of individuals or groups. The developed infographic provides a quick reference guide to deliver the expressed need for knowledge exchange within the school nursing community by participants in the original studies and can be used to inform current school nurse practice. The developed evidence-based infographic has stand-alone value. It has the potential to raise awareness of the range of different strategies that can be used to facilitate and/or enhance engagement with children and young people, equip school nurses with knowledge to foster innovative and responsive practice and aid critical reflection in a complex post-pandemic landscape. The infographic is a unique resource and is a first step in knowledge exchange based on experiential learning. The resource will be used as the foundation for future work to develop a co-created training resource for school nurse students (undertaking the Specialist Community Public Health Nurses course) and/or continuing professional development resource for established school nurses. This study has been conducted and reported in accordance with COREQ guidelines for qualitative research. A consultation group was closely involved with the planning, conduct and analysis of the original studies. This group consisted of representatives from professional organisations SAPHNA (School and Public Health Nurses Association) and the CPHVA (Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association), a school nurse and a member of the public. SAPHNA have continued in their consultative role for this study and has provided content and usability feedback regarding the infographic. Early findings have been presented to the SN community of practice, and feedback invited, through presentation separately at the CPHVA and SAPHNA annual conference.

People's Voice: Exploring Discussion Themes on Generative AI and Libraries on X

ABSTRACTThe launch of ChatGPT and other Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models has significantly influenced people's perceptions of AI, making its impact a widely discussed topic in various areas. In Library and Information Science (LIS), researchers experience the opportunities and challenges presented by GenAI, such as using the rich text from books and digital collections as training data for GenAI and enabling quick summarization and reference consultation for patrons. Meanwhile, concerns have arisen about the generation of fake information and nonexistent text by GenAI and their potential effects on users. This project explores the themes in public discussions regarding the impact of GenAI on libraries. To explore public opinions about the impact of GenAI in libraries, we collected over 50,000 posts from X (formerly Twitter) between November 1, 2022, and May 6, 2024. We manually sampled 1,000 posts focusing on GenAI in the context of libraries. We conducted content analysis to identify the key themes and relationships among these themes. This poster presents our initial findings on different themes and highlights the trends in public opinion. Our analysis provides a curated dataset for training APIs for future investigation.

Morphological properties of two-dimensional and three-dimensional bedforms in open channel flow: A flume experiments study

Bedforms are formed by sediment particles under the action of flow, which in turn affect flow and sediment movement. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind the formation and development of bedforms under varying flow conditions, the interconnection between sediment particle movement and bed morphology development, as well as the influence of bedforms on flow and sediment transport, are still not well understood. In the current study, the moveable bed load transport flume experiments under different flow conditions were done, and the development processes of two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes formed under different flow intensities were simulated. The detailed structure of the bedforms was measured by laser scanning technology, the characteristics of the bedforms were analyzed in detail, and the relations between the formation of the bedforms and the movement of sediment particles are discussed. The results found that the correlation coefficients of the longitudinal profile curve can serve as a quick reference for distinguishing two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes. When the crestline ratio is used as the criterion for two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes, the relative amplitude of the dune crestline and the included angle with the flow direction should also be comprehensively considered. The lee side angles of dunes calculated using the triangle generalization method and local section tangent method are compared and show that the values obtained by the former method are only about half of that of the latter. It is also found that the lee side angles of dunes are related to the dune height. The superimposed dunes generally exist in the downstream area of the stoss side of the dunes. The local bed slopes on the stoss side of the dunes show reverse slopes. The superimposed dunes improve the local bed height and further increase the reverse slope degree of the stoss side. A streamwise ridge is an important form located in the upstream area of the dunes stoss side, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides. Multiple streamwise ridges divide the stoss side of the dunes into relatively independent movement areas, restricting the movement of sediment particles to specific regions. According to the distribution characteristics of bed morphologies, the effects of dunes on sediment particle movement and flow energy consumption are analyzed.

Forensic Pathologists and Clinical Trauma Reviews: Performance Improvement, Public Health, and a Concise Autopsy Documentation Guide.

As a powerful tool for discovering and documenting injury, the forensic autopsy has been incorporated into trauma care quality improvement. Autopsy findings are used to determine the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) to assess a patient's trauma severity. Clinical trauma services use autopsy reports to educate, improve patient care, and strengthen the information used in epidemiological and injury prevention studies. However, there is sometimes a disconnect between the forensic pathologist's injury descriptions and the information needed by the trauma service and for AIS/ISS coding.We formed a collaboration between forensic pathologists and trauma teams to improve this communication. Accordingly, we describe injuries that are commonly overlooked or poorly described in autopsy reports, useful injury terminology, opportunities for trauma care improvement revealed by autopsies, and which medical examiner/coroner cases will most benefit from attention to specific injury details. We demonstrate how differences in injury description impact AIS/ISS results, and distill the detailed AIS manual into a pragmatic, concise, "quick reference" autopsy-directed guide for the forensic pathologist. Collaborations between trauma teams and forensic pathologists benefit each other and help communicate autopsy findings in a more clinically useful way to stakeholders to further benefit the living.

Technologies and the Development of Encyclopedias

Throughout the years encyclopedias have been used by scholars and students to further their studies and as a quick reference guide, the encyclopedia would not be possible without the invention of critical technologies that helped their spread and use, in this article we will demonstrate how these technologies helped this format and where it’s going in the future.

Solubility, the Main Concern for Poorly Water-soluble Drugs: Techniques and Alternatives

: The most important variable that affects a drug's bioavailability is its aqueous solubility. One of the biggest issues facing the pharmaceutical business is improving water solubility, which is the key to improving therapeutic efficacy. During the first screening procedure, over 50% of recently created medications are discovered to be insoluble or weakly soluble. The solubility of the medicine can be increased using a variety of techniques. The method entails both chemical and physical drug modifications. Any medicine that is absorbed must be present at the absorption site in the form of a solution. Poorly soluble medications can be made more soluble using a variety of approaches, like physical and chemical alterations to the drug and other strategies. Using a surfactant, complexation, and so on are examples of solid dispersion. The choice of a solubility-improving technology is influenced by pharmacological properties, absorption sites, and the requirements for the dosage form. In order to serve as a quick reference, this study attempted to gather information on various solubility improvement methods and organize it systematically.

Management of Severe Allergic-Like Contrast Media Reactions: Pitfalls and Strategies, From the AJR Special Series on Contrast Media.

Adverse reactions to contrast media, although uncommon, are often high-acuity events and potentially life-threatening. Nonetheless, these events are treatable, and radiologists may be called on to manage a contrast media reaction. However, because these events are infrequent, they are prone to management errors. This Special Series Review highlights common pitfalls and practical tips for the management of acute contrast media reactions in children and adults. Recognition of frequent management errors and implementation of the mitigation strategies presented can ameliorate risk and improve patient outcomes. These measures include proper training regarding reaction management and medication administration, the prompt use of intramuscular epinephrine autoinjectors whenever a severe allergic-like reaction is suspected, the use of visual aids for quick reference in the setting of a reaction, and the recognition of adverse events that are not allergic-like reactions, which commonly require only supportive care.

Increasing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Family Rounding Discussions Via an Educational Rounding Tool.

Family-centered rounds (FCR) are an important time to engage in high-value, cost-conscious care (HV3C) discussions. However, research suggests HV3C conversations occur in a minority of FCRs. Best-practice support tools can improve provider performance, but no research has evaluated whether an HV3C-focused tool may increase pediatricians' HV3C FCR discussions. This study aimed to assess if an educational and practice-based HV3C Rounding Tool's introduction would increase providers' HV3C FCR performance and competence. This study involved a hospitalist teaching service at a tertiary-care hospital. Evidence-based HV3C Rounding Tool and Quick Reference interventions were designed for use on FCRs, using a validated tool to measure baseline and postintervention HV3C performance. Underlying family, nursing presence/participation, and other factors' impacts upon HV3C performance were also explored. Anonymous baseline and postintervention surveys compared providers' perceived competence and comfort engaging families in HV3C discussions, as well as the tools' usefulness. Out of the 197 baseline and 157 intervention encounters recorded, the tools respectively increased from 3.8 to 5.8 HV3C performance measures addressed (P < .001), with 80% of performance measures showing significant improvement (P < .002). Aside from family presence for select performance measures, the tools had an independent, significant, positive effect upon HV3C performance. Users generally reported the tools as helpful and easy to use, noting significant increases in faculty role-modeling and trainee competence practicing HV3C. Introduction of HV3C Rounding and Quick Reference tools were generally perceived as helpful and beneficial, resulting in an increase of providers' HV3C discussions and care delivery during FCRs.

Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Primary Parathyroid Pathologies: A Comprehensive Review.

Parathyroid pathologies are suspected based on the biochemical alterations and clinical manifestations, and the predominant roles of imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism are localisation of tumour within parathyroid glands, surgical planning, and to look for any ectopic parathyroid tissue in the setting of recurrent disease. This article provides a comprehensive review of embryology and anatomical variations of parathyroid glands and their clinical relevance, surgical anatomy of parathyroid glands, differentiation between multiglandular parathyroid disease, solitary adenoma, atypical parathyroid tumour, and parathyroid carcinoma. The roles, advantages and limitations of ultrasound, four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), radiolabelled technetium-99 (99mTc) sestamibi or dual tracer 99mTc pertechnetate and 99mTc-sestamibi with or without single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI), and fluoro-choline positron emission tomography (18F-FCH PET) or [11C] Methionine (11C -MET) PET in the management of parathyroid lesions have been extensively discussed in this article. The role of fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) has also been elucidated in this article. Management guidelines for parathyroid carcinoma proposed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) have also been described. An algorithm for management of parathyroid lesions has been provided at the end to serve as a quick reference guide for radiologists, clinicians and surgeons.

Access and Equity in Australian Higher Education: The Equity Initiatives Framework Version 2.0

Australia's higher education sector has seen substantial developments in equity and inclusivity as a result of initiatives which work to improve the numbers and experiences of students from a wide diversity of backgrounds. This practice report shares learnings from a recent national project about the impacts of a wide range of access and equity programs and services, shedding light on effective strategies throughout the student life cycle. The study, known as the Critical Interventions Framework Part 3 (CIF 3), analysed published studies which provide details about the impact of initiatives, highlighting the mechanisms which have enabled students to gain access to and succeed in higher education. The focus here is on a key outcome of the CIF 3, the updated Equity Initiatives Framework (EIF), designed for utility as a quick reference guide to aid equity practitioners and others working to support students in their educational endeavours.

Understanding Life Goals – A Narrative Review Paper

Background: Life goals play a significant role in every individual’s life. They are one of the important components of meaning-making, the purpose of life, and accomplishment. There is an exhaustive literature on life goals and their influence on an individual’s life. Only a few papers in the past have focused on the underlying mechanisms of life goals, nonetheless, they are scattered. Comprehensive knowledge and a one-stop guide on the underlying mechanisms to understand life goals in totality are scarce. Objective: This narrative review study aims at compiling the existing literature on the underlying mechanisms of life goals. The paper also aims at providing a ready reckoner / quick guide to understand life goals. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed, ResearchGate, APA PsycNet, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect published from January 2000 to September 2023. Two Reviewers independently reviewed the articles and books which met the criteria. The final set includes 36 academic articles, 9 additional articles related to the topic and 3 books. Results: Results are grouped thematically as follows: a) Types of life goals, b) Factors that influence Life goals, and c) Goal attainment process. Conclusions: Life goals hold greater importance in the wellbeing of an individual, therefore holistically understanding them in depth becomes necessary. The current review paper was able to provide the nitty-gritty of different types of goals, factors that influence life goals, and their attainment process. This review paper has successfully attempted to provide a comprehensive outlook to life goals and can serve as a quick reference guide to health practitioners and the population in general to study life goals and plan any life goal-related intervention. Goal setting along with mentoring and guidance has been demonstrated to be effective in past research. These findings may help researchers to better understand life goals and ways to promote these in individuals through goal setting and goal management.

Gastrointestinal devices: common and uncommon foreign bodies.

Devices for the gastrointestinal tract are widely available and constantly advancing with less invasive techniques. They play a crucial role in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and are commonly placed by interventional radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons. These devices frequently appear in imaging studies, which verify their proper placement, identify any complications, or may be incidentally detected. Radiologists must be able to identify these devices at imaging and understand their intended purpose to assess their efficacy, detect complications such as incorrect positioning, and avoid misinterpreting them as abnormalities. Furthermore, many patients with these devices may require MRI, making assessing compatibility essential for safe patient care. This review seeks to provide a succinct and practical handbook for radiologists regarding both common and uncommon gastrointestinal devices. In addition to textual descriptions of clinical indications, imaging findings, complications, and MRI compatibility, the review incorporates a summary table as a quick reference point for key information and illustrative images for each device.

Malawi Mental Health Guide: Overview and Evaluation of a Mental Health Quick Reference Guide and Phone App for Use in Non-specialist Settings

Malawi Mental Health Guide: Overview and Evaluation of a Mental Health Quick Reference Guide and Phone App for Use in Non-specialist Settings

Breastfeeding Following Spinal Cord Injury: Consumer Guide for Mothers.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants be breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months of age. However, there are few resources available on the effects a spinal cord injury (SCI) can have for breastfeeding mothers. It is difficult to find information to address the unique challenges women with SCI experience when planning or trying to breastfeed. Our international team, including women with SCI, health care providers, and SCI researchers, aims to address the information gap through the creation of this consumer guide. The purpose of this consumer guide is to share the most common issues women with SCI experience during breastfeeding and provide information, practical suggestions, recommendations, and key resources in lay language. General information about breastfeeding is available on the internet, in books, or from friends and health care providers. We do not intend to repeat nor replace general breastfeeding information or medical advice. Breastfeeding for mothers with SCI is complex and requires a team of health care providers with complementary expertise. Such a team may include family physician, obstetrician, physiatrist, neurologist, occupational and physical therapist, lactation consultant, midwife, and psychologist. We hope this consumer guide can serve as a quick reference guide for mothers with SCI planning of trying to breastfeed. This guide will also be helpful to health care providers as an educational tool.

Critical Analysis of Active Filter for Harmonic Reduction under Varying Load

In this paper, we give the main focus on the proliferation of non-linear loads in power systems, the mitigation of harmonics has become a critical concern to ensure stable and efficient operation. This study presents an analysis of an advanced control active filter (ACAF) designed for harmonic reduction under varying load conditions. The ACAF is a sophisticated solution that employs advanced control algorithms to effectively suppress harmonics and maintain power quality. The research investigates the performance of the ACAF under varying load conditions, which represent real-world scenarios where power consumption fluctuates. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to evaluate the filter's ability to adapt and maintain harmonic suppression efficiency across different load profiles. The study considers various load scenarios, including steady-state operation, transient load changes, and dynamic load fluctuations. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of advanced control active filters in practical power systems with non-linear loads and varying operating conditions. The analysis provides valuable insights into the design, optimization, and implementation of ACAFs for harmonic mitigation, ultimately improving power quality and system reliability in modern electrical networks. A classified list of 38 publications on this topic is also given for the quick reference.

Managing the Lactating Patient Receiving Anesthesia: An Innovative Educational Initiative.

Background: Breastfeeding has numerous health benefits for patients and their infants. There are inconsistencies in how anesthesia providers care for lactating patients undergoing anesthesia. Providers may be cautious and have patients "pump and dump" instead of following current evidence-based recommendations. Video-based education provides a novel reference for health care providers in their fast-paced work environments. This project evaluated the effectiveness of an online video module and resources accessed at the bedside for anesthesia providers caring for lactating patients. Materials and Methods: A preintervention survey was sent to anesthesia providers at a large academic institution to assess baseline knowledge of current recommendations for caring for lactating patients having anesthesia. A quick response code-linked video module and references were created and disseminated to all anesthesia providers. A postsurvey was sent to assess knowledge and satisfaction with the educational approach. Postsurvey data were compared with presurvey data. Results: All who watched the educational video found the education helpful to care for lactating patients undergoing surgery. In the posteducation group, 93% of providers selected the correct recommendation to continue breastfeeding or pumping after general anesthesia or sedation once the patient is awake and alert, compared with 48% in the pre-education group. After education, 92% would recommend preoperative feeding or pumping prior to transport to the operating room, compared with the 50% in the pre-education group. Conclusions: Video-based, just-in-time education is an effective way to deliver updated information to anesthesia providers. This format is conducive to just-in-time delivery, and there may be implications for other patient populations that present infrequently but require population-specific care.