Questionnaire Tool Research Articles

Integrating Technology into Language Teaching Practice in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Digital Age: From a Korean English as a Foreign Language Context

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a transformation in the traditional teaching practices of language classrooms in the post-COVID-19 pandemic digital age. The surge of innovative pedagogical resources and options has played a significant role in this transformation. The integration of digital technology has been recognized as a crucial means of promoting digital literacy, which is regarded as an essential skill in the current climate. In the realm of language education, this paradigm shift has encouraged educators to adopt new technological components and incorporate them into their course contents and activities to cater to the needs of the new digital generation of learners. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of integrating social networking services such as KakaoTalk and YouTube into mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) in supporting Korean English as a foreign language (EFL) university students’ language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study gathered quantitative and qualitative data through survey questionnaire, online interview and interactive presentation tool. The result of this study revealed that the integration of social networks and MALL could support EFL university students’ language learning experience and boost students’ motivation and engagement in their learning process. This study also suggested that the concept of MALL could contribute to cultivating positive dynamics of classroom interaction. The findings of the study highlight the benefits of incorporating technology in language education and the importance of adapting teaching methods to meet the evolving needs of learners in a rapidly changing post-COVID-19 pandemic digital landscape.

Levels of Surgical Patients' Education Related to Surgical Interventions Among Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Patient education and counseling should simplify and clarify the condition, surgery, postoperative care, and potential complications. This study aimed to determine the levels of surgical patients' education regarding surgical interventions among patients inSaudi Arabia. This was an online survey study that was conducted between January and May 2023 to determine the levels of surgical patients' education regarding surgical interventions among patients in Saudi Arabia. The study population was patients who underwent surgeries (elective and emergency) living in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire tool used in this study was developed based on an extensive literature review in the field of patients' education regarding surgical interventions. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of satisfaction with the calloutsand the surgeon-consultant's communication quality. A total of 1360 participants were involved in this study. Around40.5% of the participants reported thatthey met the surgeonafter diagnosing and recommending the issue. Almost 70.0% of research participants reported that the consultant surgeon personally explained a diagnosis or strategy to attain it and the surgical technique, method, and purpose before signing the informed consent.The majority of study participants reported that the consulting surgeon or a member of his surgical team explained the stages of reaching a diagnosis and the steps he/she will take to diagnose their condition (83.2%), discussed the diagnosis with themand how certain they are of the diagnosis (88.1%), described the surgery clearly and simply (85.5%), informed them of alternatives to surgical intervention (63.1%), and discussed the entire postoperative treatment plan (81.8%), informed them of possible postoperative complications (79.6%), used additional callout during the discussion (81.3%), and spoketo them after the surgery and before they left the hospital (69.2%).After a conversation with their doctors, 36.3% of study participants said they did not require an outside source to understand the diagnosis, operation, probable problems, treatment plan, and follow-up. Discussion"Just talk," sketching, and pictograms were the most popular callouts during patient education, with 78.3%, 22.3%, and 17.9%, respectively. Saudi participants were more likely to be satisfied with the quality of communication by the surgeon-consultant (p<0.05). At the same time, participants who live in the Southern area were less likely to be satisfied with the quality of communication by the surgeon-consultant (p<0.05). This study highlights the crucial role of surgeons in preoperative patient education as well as the significance of surgical team participation in this process. In order to increase patient knowledge, facilitate treatment decisions, and assure informed consent, it is necessary to establish guidelines and roles to improve surgeon-patient communication, increase patient and surgeon awareness, nurture patient concern expression, and encourage non-medical patient participation.

Ethical Considerations for the Use of AI Language Model

Abstract: The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing have led to the development of sophisticated language models like ChatGPT, Siri, Google Assistant. These models possess the ability to generate human-like text, enabling them to engage in conversations and assist users in various domains. However, as these models become increasingly integrated into our lives, it becomes crucial to examine the ethical considerations associated with their use. This survey-based research paper aims to explore and analyze the ethical implications of deploying ChatGPT and similar language models, focusing on concerns such as bias, privacy, accountability, and transparency. The research was qualitative research as data was collected through surveys using the questionnaire tool. By identifying these ethical challenges, we can foster responsible development, deployment, and regulation of AI technologies to ensure their beneficial and ethical integration into society.

Mandarin Chinese version of the Aging Voice Index.

This study developed the Mandarin Chinese version of the Aging Voice Index (AVI), with preliminary validation of the scale for potential clinical applications. Scale development. The experimental procedure involved: (1) cross-cultural adaptation of the original AVI into the Mandarin Chinese version (CAVI); (2) evaluation by expert panel; (3) back translation; (4) pilot testing; (5) development of the final CAVI; (6) scale validation with 68 older adults of 60-89 years old (29 females and 39 males), 34 with voice disorders and 34 age-matched with normal voice. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity, and discriminatory ability (diagnostic accuracy) of the CAVI were evaluated. There were high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.9733), high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9578, p < 0.01), high content validity (content validity index = 0.9710), high criterion-related validity (Pearson's r = 0.9439, p < 0.01 between CAVI and Voice Handicap Index-10; r = 0.8070, p < 0.01 between CAVI and voice-related quality of life [V-RQOL]), and significant difference in CAVI scores between the two groups with huge effect size (t(34.69) = -11.59, Cohen's d = 2.81, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a high diagnostic accuracy of the CAVI, with an area under the curve of 0.9974 (p < 0.001) and a cut-off score of 12.0 with 100% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity. Our findings suggested that the CAVI could be a reliable and valid standardized self-assessment questionnaire tool for clinical evaluation of the impact of voice problems specifically for Mandarin-speaking older adults. Further studies should explore a full-scale validation of the CAVI for being a standard clinical tool, including for older adults in Mainland China. 3b (case-control study).

Evaluation of Health Pattern and Stress Levels among Patients Undergoing Alcohol Addiction Treatment-A Cross Sectional Study.

Alcohol consumption is linked to over 200 diseases and injuries. It is also classified as a risk factor for several types of neoplasms as well as infectious diseases (i.e., HIV and tuberculosis). In 2019, among people aged 25 to 49, alcohol use was the leading risk factor for attributable burden of disease. There are many factors that affect alcohol drinking patterns such as social and economic status, social norms, cultural customs, availability of alcohol, etc. Stress also plays a significant role in the process of developing alcohol addiction. The aim of our study was to examine health patterns and stress levels among patients undergoing alcohol addiction treatment. The study sample consisted of 104 patients who were treated in a hospital ward due to alcohol dependence. Three standardized questionnaire tools were used to measure the sense of coherence and the level of stress among those patients. The main results suggest that the level of perceived stress correlated negatively with all dimensions of sense of coherence and all indicators of health behaviors, however, age was positively correlated with positive mental attitude, proper eating habits, and health behaviors. In conclusion, it is worth noting that developing patterns for positive health behaviors will make it possible to avoid alcohol dependence or reinforce the treatment results if alcohol dependence syndrome occurs.

COVID-19 vaccine registry for pregnant women: policy to control complications of vaccination in pregnant women in 2021–2022

BackgroundData management related to COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women is vital to improve the treatment process and to establish preventive programs. Implementing a registry to manage data is an essential part of this process. This study aims to design a national model of the COVID-19 vaccination registry for pregnant women in Iran.MethodsThe present study is an applied descriptive study conducted in 2021 and 2022 in two stages. In the first stage, the coordinates of the National Registry of COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women from related references and articles, as well as the comparative study of the National Registry of COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom was done. In the second stage, the preliminary model was designed. The model was validated using the Delphi technique and questionnaire tools and analyzing the data.ResultsThe presented national COVID-19 vaccination registry model of pregnant women’s main components consist of objectives, data sources, structure, minimum data set, standards, and registry processes, all of which received 100% expert consensus.ConclusionThe vaccination registry of pregnant women has a major role in managing COVID-19 vaccination data of pregnant women and can be one of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education priorities.

Determinants of term premature rupture of membrane: case-control study in Saint Paul’s Millennium Medical College Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundThe term premature rupture of the membranes is the rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor beyond 37 weeks of gestation. Several factors, including obstetric, gynecologic, socioeconomic, and medical, are identified as potential risk factors. This clinical event has detrimental maternal and neonatal complications.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the determinants of the term premature rupture of the membranes in Ethiopia.MethodsThis institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 246 women admitted to Saint Paul’s hospital millennium medical college from October 2019 to January 2020 (82 cases and 164 controls). Data were collected using an interviewer-based questionnaire and data extraction tools, and data were entered using Epi data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 20. The association between independent variables and premature rupture of the membrane was estimated using an odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and P-value < 0.05.ResultsFactors like a history of vaginal discharge (AOR 3.508;95% CI:1.595.7.716), place of Antenatal care follow-up (health center and Mercy Ethiopia) (AOR 5.174;95% CI:2.165,12.362), the previous history of rupture of membrane (AOR 9.955;95% CI:3.265,20.35), and gestational age (AOR 3.018;95% CI:1.338,6.811) were associated with term premature rupture of membrane. There were more maternal and neonatal complications, including puerperal sepsis, wound infection, anemia/PPH, a hospital stays of more than seven days, clinical amnionitis, neonatal hypoglycemia, early onset neonatal sepsis, and respiratory distress encountered by women who presented with premature rupture of membrane.ConclusionProper screening, close monitoring, and early interventions in those mothers with identified risk factors would help to reduce its negative consequences. Moreover, the provision of continuous professional skill development and improving the quality of ANC service is needed.

Associated Risk Factors of Insomnia among Elderly People in Banepa Municipality

Background &amp; Objective: Insomnia is defined as a difficulty with the initiation, maintenance, duration, or quality of sleep that results in the impairment of daytime functioning. The prevalence of insomnia increases steadily with age and is often a persistent problem, particularly in older adults and is often mistaken as a normal part of ageing. The objective was to identify the associated risk factors of insomnia among elderly. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted. The data was collected from respondents in 60 samples using probability systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using standard questionnaire tool i.e. Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale 20 version. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square) were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16 for data analysis. Results: Study finding revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 77.5. Half of respondents i.e. (50.0%) had insomnia. There is significant association between insomnia and drinking alcohol (p=0.045), fear of death (p=0.032) and alter sleep due to bad dreams (p=0.035) and there is no significant association between insomnia and co-morbidity (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that 50% of the respondents had insomnia. Drinking alcohol, fear of death and alter sleep due to bad dreams are significant association with insomnia. Therefore, it would be better if awareness programs regarding stress management and lifestyle modification are given to the patient to improve the quality of life.

The Perspective of the General Population in Saudi Arabia towards Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In the event of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure used to maintain the heart and lungs functional simultaneously. The do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order prohibits CPR and is therefore legally required. Despite this, a DNR remains a delicate and contentious issue that places physicians in morally ambiguous situations. This study aimed to assess Saudi citizens' understanding of DNR orders, prior exposure to them, and preferences for DNR conversations. This was an online cross-sectional study that was conducted between January and April 2023 and aimed to assess the knowledge regarding DNR orders among Saudi populations. This study adapted a previously developed questionnaire tool by Al Ahmadi et al., which examined the knowledge and attitude toward do-not-resuscitate among patients and their relatives visiting outpatient clinics. Binary logistic regression analysis was the mean knowledge score for the study participants. A total of 920 participants were involved in this study. Almost half of the study participants (49.6%) reported that they had heard of DNR before. The most commonly reported source of their information on DNR was healthcare providers (58.2%). The mean knowledge score of the study participants was 1.9 (1.3) out of 6, which is equal to 31.7% of the total maximum score. This demonstrates the weak level of knowledge about DNR among the general public. Females, divorced, and those who had a post-graduate level of education were more likely to be knowledgeable of DNR compared to others (p < 0.05). Around one-quarter of the study participants showed agreement with DNR. More than half of them (59.5%) believe that physicians should be involved in DNR decision making. Saudi Arabia's general community has limited knowledge of DNR. It is recommended that healthcare professionals increase patients' and caregivers' understanding of this concept. This will improve the planning and the provision of end-of-life care.

A Comparison of Indonesian and Dutch Generation-Z Preference Shift from Global Fashion Brands to Locals after Covid-19 Pandemic

The covid-19 pandemic which outbroke four years ago has shifted how people live, work, and shop. Governments restrictions have made people develop new habits that can be done from home. Fashion industry as one of the most influential industries in Indonesia, as well as something that was always being traded offline, becomes one of the impacted areas. The less bodily experience of fashion online shopping and more cost-conscious consumers made this industry experienced a dip especially in 2019 and 2020. However, preliminary findings suggest that this condition benefits local fashion businesses which have been operating online since before this problem emerged. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the post-covid-19 pandemic preferences of generation-Z consumers regarding local and global fashion brands, focusing on a cross-cultural comparison between Indonesia and the Netherlands. The research aims to understand the factors influencing Generation-Z’s fashion brand preferences and explore potential differences between the two countries. This study is done using quantitative method with online questionnaires tool distributed to a sample of generation-Z consumers from two universities in Indonesia and Netherlands. Then, the data is processed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results show that generation-Z of both countries prefer local fashion brands compared to global ones. The difference between the two countries is Indonesian participants emphasize the importance of brands interactivity, while the impact of it to Dutch participants is less significant. The study’s implications highlight the evolving Generation-Z consumer behavior after the pandemic especially the shift of preference to local fashion brands. Understanding these preferences can assist fashion business owners and marketing teams in tailoring their strategies to cater the current needs and values of Generation-Z consumers. Furthermore, the cross-cultural comparison sheds light for fashion business owners who are planning to expand their markets to developed countries with similar characteristics as Netherlands.

Creating content on websites and its impact on the level of public trust

The media arena at the present time is witnessing rapid and increasing developments, whether in the way the media message is manufactured or the way it is presented and displayed, and in light of the multiplicity and diversity of new media and the media momentum that the user is exposed to, and he finds himself amidst a huge amount of news from multiple sources and forms, so how can he distinguish between True and false information? What is the degree of his confidence in that information and websites? The research aims to reveal the availability of the elements of the media content industry and test the relationship between them and the levels of public confidence in websites? The research is a descriptive research that seeks to monitor levels of public confidence in websites and to identify the elements of the media content industry that has a high degree of credibility with the public through the use of the survey method. In order to reach the users, the two researchers used the snowball sample by using the questionnaire tool to achieve the research goals and hypotheses, which included several axes that simulate the research questions, hypotheses, and objectives.

Using artificial intelligence to verify media content on the Internet" A survey study of journalists working in Iraqi media institutions

The research tagged " using artificial intelligence in verifying media content online "focused on the importance of artificial intelligence in journalistic work on the one hand and its essential role in verifying information before publication on the other hand, as the research aims to identify the levels of confidence of journalists in content verification tools and their effectiveness in trimming fake news and selecting the correct information. The researcher also seeks through research to many goals, including identifying the areas of use of verification tools and the contributions of artificial intelligence in the online media content industry, and the extent of journalists ' awareness of artificial intelligence techniques, while revealing the obstacles that stand in the way of journalists in using information verification tools through artificial intelligence technology, as well as revealing the most important tools used in the processes of collecting news and verifying its authenticity and truth The importance of research highlights the importance of artificial intelligence and its role in journalism and media, the study considers the future of electronic journalism within the framework of the emergence of artificial intelligence applications and its impact on the content industry. The researcher used the survey method and the questionnaire tool to obtain information that accurately describes the phenomenon, and adopted the method of selecting the intended sample to reach the respondents through the questionnaires that were prepared electronically, which numbered 250 research papers distributed to journalists working in Iraqi media institutions. The researcher came out with the most important results, the results showed the dependence of journalists on free websites and tools by (69.2%), and the combination of traditional and digital methods makes media verification integrated, as journalists rely on (intuitive signs and artificial intelligence techniques) in verification by (88.4%). Keywords: artificial intelligence, media content, digital verification tools.

Perceived Usefulness of Smartphone Medical Apps As Theoretical and Clinical Learning Aids Among Medical Students in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Smartphone applications have become popular tools in clinical educational environments, particularly because they enhance learning in any setting through their accessibility.Despite students utilizing these apps in their daily learning, Pakistan's medical education system has yet to strongly endorse them. Given the rising usage of medical applications among clinical year medical students and the wide range of apps accessible on contemporary devices aimed specifically at the student population, there is a lack of literature addressing the use of these apps on clinical learning in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) such as Pakistan. Objectives Our study aims to (1) assess the level of awareness among clinical-year medical students in Pakistan, of smartphone applications for academic purposes, (2) determine the usefulness of medical apps as educational tools for clinical-year medical students, in terms of enhancing overall patient-care skills and (3) identify barriers to the usage of apps amongstudents who do not have them installed. Methods This online questionnaire-based study includes clinical year medical students across four medical colleges (two private and two public sectors) in Pakistan. Participant identity was kept anonymous and informed consent was required to participate. A sample size of 360 was used based on previous studies in the UK and student estimates from chosen medical colleges. The questionnaire tool used consists of three sections; demographics and medical school information, perceived usefulness of medical smartphone apps on a Likert Scaleand barriers to usage among students who do not have them installed. Results 97.9% of the total study population chose to participate in the study. There was roughly an equal percentage of responses from each clinical year and 72% of students reported active use of medical apps of which the vast majority (48%) have one to two apps on their phones. Only 39% of students felt that their medical colleges encourage the use of smartphone apps for academic purposes. 54% of students use apps to look up medical criteria for disease processes and almost 42% use them to search medications. On a Likert scale of 1-5, improvement of clinical performance received highest average score amongusers (3.92, SD 1.1), followed by quick access to medical guidelines (3.83, SD 1.0). The most common reasons for nonuse of medical apps were medical colleges not offering subscriptions and not knowing how to utilize apps. Conclusion Smartphone apps are widely used by clinical year medical students for academic purposes in our study. Despite lack of endorsement from their respective medical colleges, these apps are still popularly utilized for revision and research on disease criteria during clinics and rounds. Encouragement from the university has been identified as a significant barrier, however. Students who use smartphone apps reported an improvement in clinical performance overall; they were able to retrieve information quicker during rounds and noticed enhancements in formulating diagnoses and reading radiological images. In contrast, those not using these apps faced challenges with interpreting imaging results, recalling pharmacological properties of medicationsand developing differential diagnoses. Through these findings, we highlight the benefits of incorporating technological media into the undergraduate curriculum and hope medical universities from Pakistan can take inspiration.

Tajdîd al-Muhtawâ al-Ta’lîmî li-Mâdah al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah fî al-Madâris al-Mutawassithah al-Islâmiyyah bi-Indûnîsiyâ

The Arabic subject contents at Islamic intermediate schools in Indonesia are still need to be developed. This is necessary in order to support and achieve the Arabic learning objectives in Indonesia. As Arabic subjects are mostly popular and studied in every Islamic intermediate schools in Indonesia, especially in Islamic intermediate schools where there are dormitories. The purpose of this article is to construct the educational content renewal of Arabic language subject at Islamic intermediate schools in Indonesia for the sake of Arabic learning objectives achievement in Indonesia. The article used the descriptive analytics method as the research construct the educational content renewal of Arabic language subject at Islamic intermediate schools in Indonesia by using the questionnaire, interview and observation tool, which clarifies the content of the Arabic language courses in the currently used curriculum, in order to construct the suitable Arabic contents. The result of this article is the Arabic language subject contents would make listening skill and speaking skill as the Arabic study plans at Islamic intermediate schools in Indonesia. Based on the findings, the author recommended the need to choose the supporting educational contents and appropriate courses in order to obtain the educational goals in teaching the Arabic language at the intermediate stage in Indonesia, with the provision of modern digital teaching aids of all kinds so that teaching the Arabic language becomes an interesting and effective process. Then finding a teacher's guide or teacher's guide to facilitate the education process.

EVALUASI UPAYA PENGOBATAN SENDIRI (SWAMEDIKASI) MENGGUNAKAN OBAT ANALGETIKA-ANTIPIRETIKA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA JERUJU BESAR KALIMANTAN BARAT

Self-medication requires a good knowledge in order to run well. This study was conducted to determine the relationship and strength of the relationship in the selection of antipyretic analgesic drugs associated with age, education and occupation by the people of Jeruju Besar Village. This type of research is non-experimental with a questionnaire tool. Sampling using purposive sampling method. Respondents in this study were 378 respondents. The results showed that the people of Jeruju Besar Village were right in choosing the medicine for fever, headache and pain. Respondents received information on drug selection through health workers by 58.7% and the reasons for self-medication to recover quickly were 74%. The majority of respondents aged 40 years 52.6%, while the level of education is moderate - high 52.4%. Based on the Multiple Correlation test the strength of the relationship was obtained Perfect Correlation or perfect knowledge (0.981) and education (0.872), Strong Correlation occupation (0.698) and age (0.633). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the level of education, knowledge, on the use of antipyretic analgesic drugs.

Effect of static magnetic field therapy on diabetic neuropathy and quality of life: a double-blind, randomized trial

BackgroundDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can cause annoying symptoms. To address this condition, several treatment approaches have been proposed, including static magnetic field (SMF) therapy, which has shown promise in treating neurological conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of SMF therapy on symptomatic DPN and the quality of life (QoL) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from April to October 2021. Sixty-four DPN patients (20 males, 44 females) were recruited for the study via invitation. The participants were divided into two groups: the magnet group, which used magnetic ankle bracelets (155 mT) for 12 weeks, and the sham group, which used non-magnetic ankle bracelets for the same duration. Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS), Neuropathic Disability Score (NDS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess neuropathy symptoms and pain. In addition, the Neuropathy Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Neuro-QoL) tool was used to measure the patients’ quality of life.ResultsBefore treatment, there were no significant differences between the magnet and sham groups in terms of the NSS scores (P = 0.50), NDS scores (P = 0.74), VAS scores (P = 0.17), and Neuro-QoL scores (P = 0.82). However, after 12 weeks of treatment, the SMF exposure group showed a significant reduction in NSS scores (P < 0.001), NDS scores (P < 0.001), VAS scores (P < 0.001), and Neuro-QoL scores (P < 0.001) compared to the baseline. The changes in the sham group, on the other hand, were not significant.ConclusionAccording to obtained data, SMF therapy is recommended as an easy-to-use and drug-free method for reducing DPN symptoms and improving QoL in diabetic type-2 patients.Trial registration Registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20210315050706N1, 2021/03/16.

Employing smartphone journalism and digital platforms in developing institutional digital content "A Study of the Communicator in Libyan Media Institutions"

The importance of the study lies in the fact that it addresses the importance of employing smartphone journalism and digital platforms in developing institutional digital content from the point of view of communicators working in Libyan media institutions. This study is considered a descriptive study that relies on a survey approach for communicators. In this study, the researcher adopted a random sample. The simple list is for those in charge of communicating with the Libyan government and private satellite channels in the State of Libya, numbering (50) individuals. The government channels included: the National Channel (10), Libya Sports Channel (7), and the official Libya Channel (6). As for the private channels, they included: Salam Channel ( 5), Waad channel (3), Al-Jamahiriya channel (3), Libya 218 channel (2), Libya channel for all free people (4), Libya channel Al-Hadath (6) and Libya channel, its soul is the homeland (4). In this study, the researcher relied on Through the electronic questionnaire tool. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: (58%) of those in charge of communicators in Libyan satellite channels did not receive training courses on how to employ smartphone journalism and digital platforms and that there were no statistically significant differences between those in charge of communicators in satellite channels. The Libyan government received training courses in smartphone journalism and digital platforms due to the channel ownership variable. At the same time, there is a correlation between those in charge of communicating in Libyan satellite channels receiving training courses in smartphone journalism and digital platforms according to the variable type and that (64%) of those in charge of communicating in the channels The Libyan satellite channel, among those who answered (agree), said that smartphone journalism and digital platforms are employed in the work of communicators in Libyan satellite channels, and that (48%) of those in charge of communicators in Libyan satellite channels, who answered (neutral) that the sources of smartphone journalism are unreliable, came out. The study has a set of recommendations, the most important of which are intensifying courses in smartphone journalism and digital platforms for workers in the media field, transferring modern technologies to the communicator, and continuous development of digital devices and equipment related to media work. Keywords: Employment, smartphone journalism, digital platforms, digital content development, communicator, Libyan satellite channels

The impact of social media platforms on communication within Saudi families: A quantitative analysis based on the theory of uses and gratifications

This study aims to investigate the influence of social media platforms (SMPs) on communication patterns within Saudi families. The research adopts an analytical description methodology employing a questionnaire tool administered to a sample of 384 male and female students from the University of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The statistical treatment utilized the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-V26) and included methods such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the chi-square test. Distinguished from prior studies, especially those employing quantitative indicators, this research embraces the theory of uses and gratifications to map communication between family members using SMPs. This approach allows for the determination of the prevalence of selective mutism within the family, considering the patriarchal family structure. The findings indicate that students generally communicate more with their mothers than with their fathers via SMPs. Additionally, male students exhibit higher levels of communication with their parents compared to female students, who tend to communicate more with their mothers than with their fathers. Moreover, the study reveals that the number of hours dedicated to using SMPs and family selective mutism did not display significant differences. Likewise, there were no significant variations between the age of SMP usage onset and family mutism. The study recommends conducting comparative analyses based on a similar approach to unveil communication dynamics in families with varying sociological, cultural, and geographical characteristics. Such research would enable the diagnosis of SMPs' impact on different family structures.

Economic Value and Utilization of social media in Fertilizer Sales in Taruna Mandiri Ngemplak Sleman, Yogyakarta

Taruna Mandiri is farmers group that sells cattle and organic fertilizer. Since the Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak, they have relied more on selling organic fertilizers. This research aims to analyze the economic value of selling organic fertilizers and understand the use of social media in selling fertilizers. Selection of the location in the Taruna Mandiri farmers group, Ngemplak District, Sleman Regency. Purposive sampling of 15 out of 40 members who are administrators and manage the manufacture and processing of fertilizers for sale. The research was conducted in a quantitative descriptive method. Primary data retrieval through direct interviews using a questionnaire tool. The primary data taken include respondents' characteristics, livestock ownership, and understanding of the use of social media. The results showed that with 55 cattle ownership, the economic value of selling fertilizer was IDR. 535,000/period or IDR. 2,140,000/month. Farmers group are interested in selling by online because it is useful for expanding the market, adding information, and at the same time promoting products. The social media platforms that farmers want are WhatsApp business, Instagram and Facebook but due to limited knowledge, farmers use the personal WhatsApp platform. The existence of a touch of technology, both in labeling and using the right social media platforms, is very necessary for the group to improve product quality and expand the consumer market.

Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice regarding suctioning of children on mechanical ventilator among nurses working in paediatric department

Background: Airway secretion clearance is a normal process that is essential for preventing respiratory infections, atelectasis, pulmonary haemorrhage and maintaining airway patency. In order to ensure this, effective and safe suction is necessary. Thus, endotracheal suctioning removes secretions which gets accumulated in the endotracheal tube through using negative suction pressure. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice regarding suctioning of children on mechanical ventilator among nurses working in pediatric department. Methods: Data were collected with the help of demographic-profile, Self-Structured knowledge questionnaire and Rating scale tool from 38 samples using Purposive sampling technique who met the inclusion criteria. The pretest data collected before intervention and post-test data collected after one week of video assisted teaching. Results: The result revealed that post intervention knowledge score was found to be more (20.44±2.68) than pre intervention knowledge score (14.31±2.77), t=9.19. Post intervention attitude score was found to be more (26.86±3.30) than pre intervention attitude score (18.52±3.68), t=8.17 at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusions: These findings revealed that the video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and practice was effective.