Questionnaire-Adolescent Form Research Articles

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND SERUM OXYTOCIN AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-70 LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS OF PARENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER.

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and oxytocin levels, attachment and perceived social support levels in adolescents with parental bipolar disorder (BD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ). This study included 9 adolescents with SCZ parents, 30 adolescents with BD parents and 31 healthy adolescents. Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Relationship Scale Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (RSQ-A) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to all participants. In addition, serum HSP-70 and oxytocin levels were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of attachment style, psychiatric symptoms and perceived social support. Serum HSP-70 levels were found to be lower in adolescents whose parents had BD. Serum oxytocin levels of the SCZ group were significantly lower than those of the BD group. HSP-70 level was found to be lower in adolescents with BD parents. Oxytocin level was found to be lower in adolescents with SCZ parents. These findings suggest that HSP-70 and oxytocin may be a marker of early life stress in adolescents with parental psychopathology. However, studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between attachment, oxytocin and HSP-70 in adolescents exposed to parental psychopathology in early life.

Mother Behavior Questionnaire and the Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of the Adolescent and Mother Forms

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire which was developed to measure parenting behavior directed from parents to child and the Quality of Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire which was developed to measure the quality of bidirectional relationship between parents and children (Wissink et al., 2006). The original scales based on adolescent reporting were rearranged in line with the suggestions of the researchers who developed the original scale, in a way that permitted adolescents’ evaluation of their parents separately and mothers’ self-evaluation. Thus, we examined the validity and reliability of four different forms including the Mother Behavior Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (MBQ-A), the Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (QMARQ-A), the Mother Behavior Questionnaire-Mother Form (MBQ-M), the Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire-Mother Form (QMARQ-M). The study was conducted in independent samples with 1033 students aged 11-17 (Mean age = 14.01, SD = 1.75) and 465 mothers (Mean age = 44.14, SD = 5.72) with children aged 11-17. The results of the exploratory factor analysis performed to examine the construct validity of the scales showed that the factor structures of all scales were consistent with the original scales. In addition, the Youth Self Report (YSR 11-18) was used to determine the criterion validity of the scales and it was seen that the relationships examined were significant and expected. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the sub-dimensions of the scales ranged from .81 to .91. Findings show that the validity and reliability of the adolescents and mothers' forms of MBQ and QMARQ are at a sufficient and acceptable level.

The Effects of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Adolescents Exposed to Peer Victimization

Objective: Peer victimization is more common in adolescents with ADHD. Since more internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors and academic problems are observed in adolescents exposed to peer victimization, these problems may occur more severely in adolescents with ADHD who are exposed to peer victimization. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of ADHD on internalizing and externalizing behaviors, depression, academic problems in adolescents with ADHD who were exposed to peer victimization. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 169 adolescents. Participants completed Socio-demographic Data Form, Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Adolescent Form and Children's Depression Inventory. The diagnosis of ADHD was determined according to the diagnostic criteria in DSM-V. Results: The study was completed with 41 adolescents with ADHD exposed to peer victimization, 69 adolescents without ADHD exposed to peer victimization, 59 adolescents without ADHD and were not exposed to peer victimization. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. School absenteeism was more common in ADHD group. Externalizing behaviors were found to be statistically significantly higher in the ADHD group. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that adolescents with ADHD who are exposed to peer victimization exhibit more severe externalizing behaviors. Therefore, ADHD should be specifically investigated in adolescents exposed to peer victimization who develop more severe externalizing behaviors.

ERGENLERDE İNTİHAR DAVRANIŞI İLE ANNEYE BAĞLANMA ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Objective: Adolescent suicide attempt is a common public health problem all over the world. There are many biological, psychological and social risk factors for suicidal behavior. In adolescent suicides, the relationship between suicidal behaviors and insecure attachment to parents has been shown in various studies. In our country, there are few studies examining the relationship between attachment and suicide attempt in adolescents. In this study, we aimed to investigate other factors related to mother attachment and suicidal behavior in adolescents with and without suicidal behavior. Methods: Of 49 adolescents who admitted to a training and research hospital for suicide attempt were included in the study group and 47 healthy adolescents whose no history of suicide attempt were included. All participants were applied a sociodemographic data form, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment-Short Form (IPPA-SF), Suicidal Behavior Scale (SBS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (SDQ-A) and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS). Results: Psychopathology was found in 81.6% of the suicide attempts group. The mean scores of all the subscales (emotional, behavioral, hyperactivity, expression and introductory) of the group attempting suicide except the GGA peer problems subscale, the mean scores of CDI, the total score of SBS and SBS-1, SBS-2 and SBS-4 subscale scores were significantly higher and the median IPPA-SF scale was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. There was a positive correlation between total score of SBS, SBS-1, SBS-2, SBS-4, CDI, SDQ total score and its all subscale scores whereas a negative correlation was found with IPPA-SF maternal attachment subscale score. In the logistic regression analysis, the IPPA-SF mother attachment scale scores was predicted by SBS total score and SBS-4 subscale score. Discussion: The low attachment scores to the mother in the suicide group are consistent with the literature that insecure attachment may be an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. In adolescents with suicide attempts, attachment to the mother predicts the seriousness of suicide and the intention of future suicide. Approaches to improve parent-adolescent attachment may play an important role in preventing suicide. Further studies are needed in this field.

Measuring Alcohol Expectancies in Youth

Beliefs about the consequences of using alcohol, alcohol expectancies, are powerful predictors of underage drinking. The Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire-Adolescent form (AEQ-A) has been widely used to measure expectancies in youth. Despite its broad use, the factor structure of the AEQ-A has not been firmly established. It is also not known whether it assesses similar constructs (i.e., measurement invariance) between boys and girls. This article reports on a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of a shortened version of the AEQ-A with 310 youth, ages 10–16, to determine whether a two factor, positive and negative expectancy structure held for this sample and to test measurement invariance across gender. The results support evidence of a 2-factor, positive and negative structure for the abbreviated version of the AEQ-A and show that it assesses equivalent alcohol expectancy constructs among males and females. These findings have important implications for cognitive based approaches to alcohol prevention.

Stress, alcohol-related expectancies and coping preferences: a replication with adolescents of the Cooper et al. (1992) model.

The present study attempted to replicate with adolescents the stressor vulnerability model of adult drinking proposed by Cooper et al. (J. Abnorm. Psychol. 101: 139-152, 1992). The Cooper et al. model simultaneously assesses the stress-moderating effects of gender, expectancies and coping on alcohol use and abuse. Adolescents in Grades 7-12 (N = 184, 59% female) completed the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent form, the COPE, the Adolescent Perceived Events Scale and the Drinking to Cope scale. The pattern of results was very similar to those of earlier studies using adults or undergraduates. Generally, positive expectancies for alcohol, an avoidant coping preference and stress were predictive of drinking to cope, alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. A number of two-way interactions were also reported. Although gender did not play a prominent role in prediction, as it typically does with adults, grade was a significant predictor; older students reported more alcohol use and alcohol-related problems than younger students. Results were similar to those reported by Cooper et al. with adults and Evans and Dunn (J. Stud. Alcohol 56: 186-193, 1995) with undergraduates, and support the utility of the stressor vulnerability model for understanding alcohol use among adolescents.