Set Of Questions Research Articles

Design and validation of AQUA CHILD-Pre-aquatic questionnaire assessing child development.

We developed a proxy questionnaire for parents of children with Developmental Delay (DD) to provide comprehensive information for instructors about the child's functioning before participating in aquatic activities. This dedicated information will enable a high-quality treatment plan to promote the child's functioning in everyday life. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Coreset development and linking rules method, a set ofquestions was constructed in a preliminary process. A draft version was sent to instructors and parents in Israel. Seventy-five questionnaires from instructors and 25 from parents returned to the statistical analysis procedure. Reliability and face validity were analyzed by experts. The questionnaire showed high validity and reliability for its purposes and allowed self-completion by the parents.

Capabilities of GPT-4 in ophthalmology: an analysis of model entropy and progress towards human-level medical question answering

BackgroundEvidence on the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), a large language model (LLM), in the ophthalmology question-answering domain is needed.MethodsWe tested GPT-4 on two 260-question multiple choice question...

Home Medication Management and Practices among Post-stroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in a University-based Primary Care Clinic in Malaysia

Effective medication management practice (MMP) improves compliance of chronic conditions management and reduces medication error for better clinical outcomes. This is important for stroke survivors with multiple comorbidities and post-stroke complications. This study aimed to determine appropriateness of home MMP and its associated factors among post stroke patients. This was a cross-sectional, single-centre study involving 120 stroke patients of a primary care medical centre in Kuala Lumpur between January and March 2021. The assessment of MMP appropriateness relied on scores obtained through a set of questions administered via face-to-face, online or telephone interview. The mean age of participants was 65.1 (SD 11.7) years. 55.8% of participants had inappropriate home MMP; where the majority did not update their medication list (86.3%), did not memorise the medication’s name (75%), and did not return the leftover medication to the pharmacy (63.3%). Female gender (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.18-6.35, p-value: 0.019), household income (> RM4850) (AOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.03-7.69, p-value: 0.043), and number of clinic appointments (>2) (AOR: 5.27, 95% CI: 1.44-19.24, p-value: 0.012) were significantly correlated with better home MMP. The MMP among post-stroke patients was poor. Better home MMP were associated with female gender, higher socioeconomic status, and more frequent clinic appointments. Concerted health education should be provided, particularly focusing on medication management to improve home MMP in post-stroke patients and ultimately improving their overall health outcomes.

Conformity of ChatGPT recommendations with the AUA/SUFU guideline on postprostatectomy urinary incontinence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows immense potential in medicine and Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has been used for different purposes in the field. However, it may not match the complexity and nuance of certain medical scenarios. This study evaluates the accuracy of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 in providing recommendations regarding the management of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI), considering The Incontinence After Prostate Treatment: AUA/SUFU Guideline as the best practice benchmark. A set of questions based on the AUA/SUFU Guideline was prepared. Queries included 10 conceptual questions and 10 case-based questions. All questions were open and entered into the ChatGPT with a recommendation to limit the answer to 200 words, for greater objectivity. Responses were graded as correct (1 point); partially correct (0.5 point), or incorrect (0 point). Performances of versions 3.5 and 4 of ChatGPT were analyzed overall and separately for the conceptual and the case-based questions. ChatGPT 3.5 scored 11.5 out of 20 points (57.5% accuracy), while ChatGPT 4 scored 18 (90.0%; p = 0.031). In the conceptual questions, ChatGPT 3.5 provided accurate answers to six questions along with one partially correct response and three incorrect answers, with a final score of 6.5. In contrast, ChatGPT 4 provided correct answers to eight questions and partially correct answers to two questions, scoring 9.0. In the case-based questions, ChatGPT 3.5 scored 5.0, while ChatGPT 4 scored 9.0. The domains where ChatGPT performed worst were evaluation, treatment options, surgical complications, and special situations. ChatGPT 4 demonstrated superior performance compared to ChatGPT 3.5 in providing recommendations for the management of PPUI, using the AUA/SUFU Guideline as a benchmark. Continuous monitoring is essential for evaluating the development and precision of AI-generated medical information.

Ethical Considerations in Integrating AI in Research Consultations: Assessing the Possibilities and Limits of GPT-based Chatbots

Objective: This case study sought to provide early information on the accuracy and relevance of selected GPT-based product responses to basic information queries, such as might be asked in librarian research consultations. We intended to identify positive possibilities, limitations, and ethical issues associated with using these tools in research consultations and teaching.Methods: A case simulation examined the responses of GPT-based products to a basic set of questions on a topic relevant to social work students. The four chatbots (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bard, and Perplexity) were given identical question prompts, and responses were assessed for relevance and accuracy. The simulation was supplemented by reviewing actual user exchanges with ChatGPT-3.5 using a ShareGPT file containing conversations with early users.Results: Each product provided relevant information to queries, but the nature and quality of information and the formatting sophistication varied substantially. There were troubling accuracy issues with some responses, including inaccurate or non-existent references. The only paid product examined (ChatGPT-4), generally provided the highest quality information, which raises equitable access to quality technology concerns. Examination of ShareGPT conversations also raised issues regarding ethical use of chatbots to complete course assignments, dissertation designs, and other research products.Conclusions: We conclude that these new tools offer significant potential to enhance learning if well-employed. However, their use is fraught with ethical challenges. Librarians must work closely with instructors, patrons, and administrators to assure that the potential is realized while ethical values are safeguarded.

(198) Harnessing the Power of Tantric Practices: A Revolutionary Path to Enhanced Sexual Well-being and Transformation

Abstract Introduction In recent years, the integration of holistic practices in the field of sexual medicine has gained significant attention. Among these practices, tantra stands out as a revolutionary approach that emphasizes mindfulness, energy cultivation, and connection. This article explores the profound impact of tantric practices on sexual well-being, drawing from a qualitative study involving six individuals who have experienced transformative changes in their lives through the practice of tantra. Their stories provide compelling evidence of the effectiveness of tantra in reducing anxiety, cultivating meaningful relationships, and enhancing overall sexual health. Objective This study aimed to assess the therapeutic benefits of tantra as an intervention for emotional regulation, specifically targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression while promoting relaxation and emotional connection. Through qualitative interviews with diverse tantra educators and practitioners, the study sought to understand the observed changes in their personal lives and relationships resulting from tantra mindfulness exercises. Methods This qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the lived experiences of six tantra educators and practitioners. Interviews were conducted using a structured set of questions to ensure consistency. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to understand the changes observed in participants' lives and relationships as a result of practicing tantra mindfulness exercises. The study also referred to previous research on meditation and neuroplasticity to explore potential neurological changes associated with tantra practices. Results The findings of this qualitative study underscore the importance of embracing a multidimensional approach to sexual medicine. By integrating tantric philosophy and techniques into existing frameworks, professionals in the field can provide a holistic and sustainable approach to enhancing sexual well-being. Tantra offers a rich tapestry of practices that go beyond addressing physical symptoms, recognizing the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit in the pursuit of sexual health and fulfillment. Conclusions The conclusion summarizes the key research findings, emphasizing the transformative power of tantric practices in enhancing sexual well-being and fostering meaningful relationships. It highlights the potential of tantra to revolutionize the understanding and treatment of sexual concerns in the field of sexual medicine. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional approach to sexual medicine and encourages the incorporation of tantra for a more holistic approach to sexual well-being. Disclosure No.

Potent Roles of Humor in EFL Classes in Higher Education: An Exploratory Study of Lebanese Perspectives

This paper focuses on scrutinizing the attitudes and opinions of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors and learners on the use of humor in higher education in Lebanon as a pedagogical tool in classroom contexts. It is used in building a harmonious relationship between instructors and students, lowering affective barriers to learning, keeping students attentive to class activities, developing creativity and increasing instructional effectiveness as well as students’ learning. It also aims to describe the instructors’ experiences in employing it in their classrooms and to determine the students’ perspectives on its potent roles in learning. In this exploratory study, a mixed-method design and a convenient sampling of participants were utilized. A total of 13 EFL instructors, working at 1 public and 4 private universities in Lebanon, and 86 EFL students participated in the study. To describe and quantify their perceptions of the potent roles of employing humor in EFL classes, two online surveys of two sets of questions each, including closed-ended and open-ended, and four focus group discussions were administered. The overall qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data indicated that Lebanese EFL instructors and students have positive attitudes towards integrating humor as a pedagogical tool and as a fundamental part of the teaching strategies in EFL higher education classes. This is because it creates an open communication climate, captures students’ interest in the subject matter, boosts attention, reduces anxiety, makes the instructor more approachable, and yields better instructor evaluation. The findings of this study also revealed the need to train teachers to use humor artfully.

Mapping Game Biopolitics

This article advances a framework for the analysis of digital game biopolitics that addresses 1) how games represent the governance of life, 2) how games, themselves, govern life, and 3) how games enable forms of player-driven biopolitics. I define two concepts — biopolitical markers and biopolitical paradigms — and provide a set of research questions to help identify and classify various game elements that indicate specific categories of biopolitics: biopower, thanatopolitics, community, and veillance. Ultimately, rather than produce a separate theory of game biopolitics, this article builds on work in other fields to construct a method for studying the governance of life in, by, and through games.

Child-centred evaluations from child-friendly design to dissemination: Lessons from 5 African countries

Background: Child participation in evaluation and research is key to ensure horizontal accountability and respect the rights of the children to voice their opinions on actions that have a direct impact on their lives. The author uses illustrative examples to describe how child-focused evaluation and research can be implemented in practices and discusses the main challenges and lessons learnt.Objectives: To reflect on the current evaluation practices and identify clear ways to ensure children and other marginalised groups can meaningfully participate in evaluation and research processes.Method: Children from 8 years to 18 years were involved in various evaluation and research assignments through different data collection and dissemination methods in five African countries.Results: The experiences show practically how children can successfully be engaged in evaluation and research through meaningful consultations that are both safe and ethical and through adapted communication materials and channels to ensure horizontal accountability.Conclusion: Ensuring the meaningful participation of children in evaluation and research processes is not only a right for children but also a great opportunity to enhance the design of evaluation and research pieces to make them more engaging and human-centred. The use of child-focused approach brings its own set of challenges and questions that evaluators can navigate with the support from relevant stakeholders. It requires authors to think outside of the box, be creative and put ourselves in the shoes of our main audience to develop the most suitable engagement strategies.Contribution: This article represents the culmination of a comprehensive research endeavor, from conceptualisation to data analysis and findings interpretation, conducted solely by the main author. The different pieces were reviewed for quality assurance by Helene Juillard. The illustrations presented in the article were made by Clementine Guivarch’ based on the author’s guidance and inputs.

Making sense of dynamic capabilities in international firms: Review, analysis, integration, and extension

In this work we review and analyze recent research in the international business field, with the purpose of clarifying, consolidating, and extending the constructs related to dynamic capabilities. We begin with an overview of dynamic capabilities research in the international context, noting unclear terminology, and unanswered questions concerning the international dimensions and the dynamism of capabilities. A systematic review follows, including 98 articles from 16 leading journals. Our analysis of these articles, produced a classification of 12 dynamic capabilities in international contexts—among which, we identify six “meta dynamic capabilities” and six “strategic dynamic capabilities.” To analyze and explain these constructs, we extract important conclusions from the relevant research about each dynamic capability, including examples from leading international firms. The integration and extension discussions further explore the meta and strategic dynamic capabilities along with implications for practice and policy. This work concludes with suggestions for future research, including foci on important methodological issues, from which a set of research questions are derived that link relevant contextual measures to the various dynamic capabilities.

Extrachromosomal DNA in cancer.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) has recently been recognized as a major contributor to cancer pathogenesisthat is identified in most cancer types and isassociated with poor outcomes. When it wasdiscovered over 60 years ago, ecDNA was considered to be rare, and its impact on tumour biology was not well understood. The application of modern imaging and computational techniques has yielded powerful new insights into the importance of ecDNA in cancer. The non-chromosomal inheritance of ecDNA during cell division results in high oncogene copy number, intra-tumoural genetic heterogeneity and rapid tumour evolution thatcontributes to treatment resistance and shorter patient survival. In addition, the circular architecture of ecDNA results in altered patterns of gene regulation that drive elevated oncogene expression, potentially enabling the remodelling of tumour genomes. The generation of clusters of ecDNAs, termed ecDNA hubs, results in interactions between enhancers and promoters in trans, yielding a new paradigm in oncogenic transcription. In this Review, we highlight the rapid advancements in ecDNA research, providing new insights into ecDNA biogenesis, maintenance andtranscription and itsrole in promoting tumour heterogeneity. To conclude, we delve into a set of unanswered questions whose answers will pave the way for the development of ecDNA targeted therapeutic approaches.

The violence of literature review and the imperative to ask new questions

Abstract Writing the literature review is not a neutral act. In fact, the key central aim of consolidating work in a particular research area is to demonstrate one’s knowledge of this area; that is, one must know the ‘conversations’ concerning the research topic. Literature review becomes violent in the Bourdieusian sense because it imposes particular configurations of privileged knowledge on researchers. Thus, in this paper, we argue that literature review is an enactment of symbolic violence and, in the process, epistemic theft, and central to this practice is the construction of research questions. Literature review, as a site of scholarly conversations, dictates the kinds of questions we ask, thus unwittingly framing our research according to the epistemic demands of past and recent studies. By asking a different set of questions, ‘new’ or different understandings about certain social phenomena may emerge.

The relationships between work-family conflict and life satisfaction and happiness among nurses: a moderated mediation model of gratitude and self-compassion.

Researchers and practitioners are concerned with the impact of work-family conflict on the well-being of workers, including those in the health care sector, and previous research suggested that nurses were experiencing a range of negative outcomes. To investigate the potentially mediating role of self-compassion and moderating role of gratitude in the relationships between work-family conflict and both life satisfaction and happiness among Saudi nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 nurses (men age = 35.18, SD = 6.67, 70.65% of females). Nurses were recruited via social media using convenience sampling techniques. They completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Work-Family Conflict Scale, as well as a set of demographic questions. The data were analyzed using PROCESS MACRO model 4 and 8, and the reporting followed STROBE checklist. As expected, the study found a negative relationship between work-family conflict and both life satisfaction and happiness. These relationships were mediated by self-compassion. For the relationships between work-family conflict and life satisfaction and happiness, and between family-work conflict and happiness, this mediation was moderated by gratitude. This study built on positive psychology and demonstrated that the positive personality traits of self-compassion and gratitude can engender enhanced life satisfaction and happiness among Saudi nurses.

There is nothing like a Delphi Artificial Intelligence Model (DAIM)

Key digested messageThis article explores an innovative ensemble approach integrating multiple AI models to achieve consensus in psychological assessments in the educational psychology domain. Addressing the rapid advancements in Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), it emphasises the importance of principles over specific models in this fast-evolving field. The study compares responses from various AI models using a set of literacy and socioeconomic questions. The findings highlight the diversity of responses from individual models and the holistic ensemble perspective offered by DAIM. The article underscores the potential shift towards Artificial Specific Intelligence (ASI) in psychology, advocating for a focus on multi-model approaches and, potentially, a re-evaluation of humanconsensus in psychological research.

Comprehensive evaluation of privacy policies using the contextual integrity framework

AbstractOnline privacy policies are often lengthy and difficult to understand. This may lead many users to avoid reading them despite increasing concerns about how their personal information is managed. This article presents a structured approach to evaluate the transparency and comprehensiveness of privacy policies using a comprehensive set of evaluation questions within the contextual integrity (CI) framework. We use these questions to identify policies' responses to key privacy concerns. Applying the CI framework, we analyze the clarity and context of these responses, identifying any vagueness and contextual issues that could impede a user's understanding of the privacy policy. Using the CI analysis, we quantify the quality of policies' responses, thereby enabling users to make informed decisions about online services or products. We apply our methodology to two popular messaging apps, Telegram and WhatsApp, using them as case studies to systematically uncover the strengths and weaknesses of their privacy policies. The findings demonstrate that our proposed methodology can effectively identify transparency issues and assess the comprehensiveness of privacy policies. This suggests that our approach could serve as a practical alternative to subjective evaluations typically conducted by privacy experts.

Disaggregation of humanitarian data by disability: a realist evaluation of the use of the Washington Group Questions to support more inclusive practices

AbstractPeople with disabilities make up approximately 16% of the world’s population and disproportionately experience the risks and negative impacts of humanitarian emergencies. In humanitarian contexts, understanding who has a disability, where they are located, and what their needs are is crucial to delivering the right assistance at the right place and time. In recent years, global attention to disability inclusion in the humanitarian sector has focused on the generation of disaggregated data, most commonly using one of the Washington Group Sets of Questions. The implicit assumption behind the collection of more and more data disaggregated by disability, that it will lead to more inclusive action and outcomes, is incorrect. Our findings nuance the current push for disability disaggregated data in all settings and advocate a shift away from the blanket application of disaggregation to a more bespoke approach. Humanitarian and development contexts present multiple challenges to disaggregating data sets by demographic factors such as disability, including the use of households rather than individuals as the unit of analysis, small and non-representative samples, and minority languages with limited translation capacity. Through evaluation of the use of the Washington Group set across the world’s largest humanitarian organization, and its cooperating partners, we present five decision-making criteria that can be flexibly but consistently applied across operating contexts. This enables contextualized decision-making that uses consistent logic to predict the likelihood of data disaggregation by disability leading to more inclusive action and outcomes.

Leveraging privacy profiles to empower users in the digital society

Protecting privacy and ethics of citizens is among the core concerns raised by an increasingly digital society. Profiling users is common practice for software applications triggering the need for users, also enforced by laws, to manage privacy settings properly. Users need to properly manage these settings to protect personally identifiable information and express personal ethical preferences. This has shown to be very difficult for several concurrent reasons. However, profiling technologies can also empower users in their interaction with the digital world by reflecting personal ethical preferences and allowing for automatizing/assisting users in privacy settings. In this way, if properly reflecting users’ preferences, privacy profiling can become a key enabler for a trustworthy digital society. We focus on characterizing/collecting users’ privacy preferences and contribute a step in this direction through an empirical study on an existing dataset collected from the fitness domain. We aim to understand which set of questions is more appropriate to differentiate users according to their privacy preferences. The results reveal that a compact set of semantic-driven questions (about domain-independent privacy preferences) helps distinguish users better than a complex domain-dependent one. Based on the outcome, we implement a recommender system to provide users with suitable recommendations related to privacy choices. We then show that the proposed recommender system provides relevant settings to users, obtaining high accuracy.

The complexity of leadership in coproduction practices: a guiding framework based on a systematic literature review

BackgroundAs coproduction in public services increases, understanding the role of leadership in this context is essential to the tasks of establishing relational partnerships and addressing power differentials among groups. The aims of this review are to explore models of coproduction leadership and the processes involved in leading coproduction as well as, based on that exploration, to develop a guiding framework for coproduction practices.MethodsA systematic review that synthesizes the evidence reported by 73 papers related to coproduction of health and welfare.ResultsDespite the fact that models of coleadership and collective leadership exhibit a better fit with the relational character of coproduction, the majority of the articles included in this review employed a leader-centric underlying theory. The practice of coproduction leadership is a complex activity pertaining to interactions among people, encompassing nine essential practices: initiating, power-sharing, training, supporting, establishing trust, communicating, networking, orchestration, and implementation.ConclusionsThis paper proposes a novel framework for coproduction leadership practices based on a systematic review of the literature and a set of reflective questions. This framework aims to help coproduction leaders and participants understand the complexity, diversity, and flexibility of coproduction leadership and to challenge and enhance their capacity to collaborate effectively.

A user acceptance model for e-HRM system implemented in IT and Non-IT business organizations

BACKGROUND: Nowadays organizations have made their human resource management process more strategic and serve as a strategic tool for achieving competitive advantage for the organization with the development of electronic-Human Resource Management (e-HRM) Systems. To measure e-HRM system acceptance for performing various HR functions of an organization, especially the HR department, a perception model for acceptance of e-HRM systems in IT and Non-IT organizations has been developed in this research paper. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to derive an acceptance model that can predict the acceptability and the factors affecting the acceptance of e-HRM systems in IT and Non-IT organizations. For this purpose, an electronic-survey-based questionnaire with a set of questions with categorical response options has been developed and the responses collected through this questionnaire are eligible to measure the acceptance level with effectiveness and usefulness of the e-HRM systems by IT and Non-IT business organizations. METHODS: Here, the questionnaire has 22 parameters. During data collection, 400 samples are obtained from 20 IT and 20 Non-IT (other services) organizations where ten employees from each organization participated in the survey. For the Data analysis for the acceptance model and also for testing of the hypothesis, several statistical-based data analysis techniques such as Data Reliability, Cross Tabulation, Normality test, Correlation ∖& Regression-based analysis, Factor Analysis, along with Pearson Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon W for hypothetical testings are done. Apart from these criteria, using the data analysis techniques, a well-known technology acceptance model for the e-HRM system has also been employed to test with variables of the proposed questionnaire for the acceptance of e-HRM systems. RESULTS: All the statistical tests and testing of hypotheses are done in a sequential manner for comparison purposes of factors that affect e-HRM systems in IT and Non-IT organizations. The results are reported in detail with explanations and justifications. CONCLUSION: The results of the data analyses can be concluded with finding and discussing that the acceptability of e-HRM systems by the end users in IT firms is much higher than in other service organizations because of the significant difference in presence of external factors, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, user attitude, and behavior between the IT and Non-IT groups of organizations.

The Lutheran Experience in the Ottoman Middle East: Stephan Gerlach (1546–1612) and the History of Lutheran Accommodation

Abstract This article examines what it meant to be Lutheran in the early modern Middle East. Its point of departure is a letter in which Stephan Gerlach, a sixteenth-century Lutheran chaplain to the imperial ambassador in Istanbul, asked his superiors about the type of behaviour that befitted him as a Lutheran. Was he allowed to wear a Turkish turban to see mosques and learn about Islam? Was it permissible for him in exceptional circumstances to accept communion under both kinds from a Roman Catholic monk? Was he allowed to postpone the Sunday sermon to attend Greek Orthodox ceremonies? Reconstructing how sixteenth-century Lutherans who had business in the early modern Middle East tried to resolve such issues not only affords new insights into the Lutheran experience in the Ottoman Empire; it also raises a set of fundamental questions about late sixteenth-century Lutheranism itself. Did Lutherans in this period develop forms of religious accommodation similar to those of early modern Catholics? Did travel in the Eastern Mediterranean demand a more flexible and more fluid form of Lutheranism? Could one even adhere to Lutheranism’s core principles so far away from the place where the movement had first taken root? Through an examination of various Lutheran treatises and travelogues, I show that sixteenth-century Lutheranism did not develop an official policy of accommodation. Instead, Lutheran responses to questions about accommodation, (dis)simulation and conformity were often makeshift and idiosyncratic, because Lutheranism formulated little to no official guidance on the movement as a lived religion.