Quartz Fabrics Research Articles

Size-Effect-Based Dimension Compensations in Wet Etching for Micromachined Quartz Crystal Microstructures.

Microfabrication technology with quartz crystals is gaining importance as the miniaturization of quartz MEMS devices is essential to ensure the development of portable and wearable electronics. However, until now, there have been no reports of dimension compensation for quartz device fabrication. Therefore, this paper studied the wet etching process of Z-cut quartz crystal substrates for making deep trench patterns using Au/Cr metal hard masks and proposed the first quartz fabrication dimension compensation strategy. The size effect of various sizes of hard mask patterns on the undercut developed in wet etching was experimentally investigated. Quartz wafers masked with initial vias ranging from 3 μm to 80 μm in width were etched in a buffered oxide etch solution (BOE, HF:NH4F = 3:2) at 80 °C for prolonged etching (>95 min). It was found that a larger hard mask width resulted in a smaller undercut, and a 30 μm difference in hard mask width would result in a 17.2% increase in undercut. In particular, the undercuts were mainly formed in the first 5 min of etching with a relatively high etching rate of 0.7 μm/min (max). Then, the etching rate decreased rapidly to 27%. Furthermore, based on the etching width compensation and etching position compensation, new solutions were proposed for quartz crystal device fabrication. And these two kinds of compensation solutions were used in the fabrication of an ultra-small quartz crystal tuning fork with a resonant frequency of 32.768 kHz. With these approaches, the actual etched size of critical parts of the device only deviated from the designed size by 0.7%. And the pattern position symmetry of the secondary lithography etching process was improved by 96.3% compared to the uncompensated one. It demonstrated significant potential for improving the fabrication accuracy of quartz crystal devices.

Quartz fiber supported Ag nano-islands as flexible SERS substrate with stable distributed “hot-spot” in rapid detection of pesticide residue

Island-shaped Ag nanoparticles are prepared under the support platform of quartz fabric by a simple chemical deposition method. The prepared flexible SERS substrate in this study demonstrates highly sensitive, excellent signal reproducibility and stability. The enhancement ability can be adjusted by varying concentration of Ag+ during synthesizing process, which would lead to the variation of size and gaps of Ag nanoparticles, thus affecting the LSPR effect. Moreover, the prepared SERS substrate shows great practical potential in rapid detection of contaminated fruit with different sampling method.

Influence of fabric structures and temperature on the mechanical properties of quartz braids

Herein, quartz fiber braids with different structures (plain, twill, satin, broken twill) were woven to explore the influence of structures on the performance of fabrics. The influences of high temperature and structure on the mechanical properties of quartz fiber braids were investigated in detail. As the temperature increased to 1000°C, the mechanical properties of quartz fiber decreased by around 90% due to its crystallization. Among the different fabric structures tested, quartz fabrics with satin and broken twill structures possessed good tensile properties (400 MPa) at room temperature. However, as the temperature and duration of heat treatment increased, the tensile performance of broken twill weave fabrics decreased by 50 MPa. In summary, the study demonstrates that quartz fibers and their fabrics possess significant potential for applications in high temperature environments, with the ability to withstand elevated temperatures for short durations, thereby enhancing their performance and extending their range of applications.

Au-coated quartz fabric by plasma treatment as a flexible SERS substrate for rapid detection of harmful substances

Food safety remains a global concern and there is always demanded to advance methods to ensure that toxic substances and contamination do not pose safety concerns. This study discusses the development of a rapid, low-cost, portable, in situ method for the detection of harmful substances on the surface of fruits and vegetables to ensure safety for human consumption. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are deposited onto quartz fabric by using a magnetron sputtering system. The argon flow rate and sputtering time are both controlled to produce Au NPs of different sizes on the quartz fabric with different gap distances. Scanning electron microscope images, X-ray diffraction spectra, and Raman intensity are used to evaluate the produced substrates. With an average grain size of about 32.35 nm, the Au particles with a thickness of 70 nm deposited onto the quartz fabric (i.e., Qt-70) provide the best surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of 65,639 counts towards a 10−3 M methylene blue (MB) solution. The results show that the Qt-70 SERS substrate is highly sensitive, reproducible, and stable, and demonstrates good reusability. Images of “hotspots” that form between two Au nanoparticles based on electric field distribution are simulated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to explain for the signal enhancement. In addition, Qt-70 can be used for the direct collection of pesticides, such as Rhodamine B (RhB), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and Malachite green (MG), from food surfaces. This novel flexible SERS (FSERS) substrate has good potential for the rapid detection of harmful substances on food.

Fabrication of thin and lightweight cobalt-coated quartz fiber/aluminosilicate composites for high-temperature microwave absorption

Fabrication of thin and lightweight cobalt-coated quartz fiber/aluminosilicate composites for high-temperature microwave absorption

High-temperature heat transfer simulation and optimization of quartz fiber-aerogel composite multilayer 3D fabric

Quartz fabrics, which have excellent mechanical properties and high temperature resistance abilities, had been widely applicated in aerospace, military, and other thermal insulation fields. However, single-layer quartz fabric has poor thermal insulation performance, which is unfavorable to the high temperature application of this material. In order to improve the thermal insulation effect of quartz fiber fabric, silica aerogel materials with outstanding thermal insulation performance were introduced to the fabrication of quartz fabrics. Thermal insulation properties of quartz fiber and mechanical properties of silica aerogel were improved by a 3D braiding technique. Firstly, a 3D-fabric structure of quartz fiber-aerogel multilayer composite was designed. Silica aerogel and quartz yarn were woven into 3D composite fabric by textile technique. Through 3D braiding technique, silica aerogels were protected by quartz yarns while enhancing their mechanical properties. The thermal insulation performance and high temperature erosion resistance of the fiber-aerogel fabric are improved. Secondly, to explore the influence of the internal structure of the 3D fiber-aerogel composite fabric, a full-scale 3D simulation model for the heat transfer performance of fiber-aerogel multilayer composite was established. The thermal insulation performance of the composite fabric at 700 °C was predicted. Finally, the temperature of different positions inside the fabric in different environments (300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C) was tested. It has been proved that introducing aerogel materials to the quartz fabric could reduce the surface temperature by about 60%.

Co-Optimizing Insulative and Mechanical Properties of Quartz Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composites by a Compromising Porous Structure for Thermal Insulation

Introducing porosity into structures is recognized as a practical strategy to achieve lightweightness and insulation for ablatives, but reduced matrix density leads to the weakening of mechanical and anti-ablation performances. Herein, a trade-off design of the porous structure is developed for integrating high-strength, insulation, and anti-ablation abilities into mid-density nanoporous phenolic composites (NPC). Benefiting from a narrow nanopore size (20–62 nm) of the matrix, thermal conductivity of NPC can be effectively limited within 0.079–0.115 W/(m·K), while showing a mid-density of 0.89–1.04 g/cm3. Meanwhile, NPC shows a considerable axial tensile strength of 130.2–177.8 MPa and out-of-plane compressive strength of ∼300 MPa due to the compromising porosity (34–62%) and reinforcing of the 3D needle-punched quartz fiber preform. Besides, NPC exhibits excellent oxidation resistance in static radiation heating (1000 °C) and outstanding insulation and ablation resistance under an oxy-acetylene heat flux of 1.76 and 4.18 MW/m2 with the linear ablation rates of ∼0.102 and ∼0.185 mm/s, respectively. The results will further promote the development and application of phenolic ablatives in extreme re-entry environments.

High temperature ductile deformation, lithological and geochemical differentiation along the Shagou shear zone, Qinling Orogen, China

Lithological and geochemical differentiation in ductile shear zone is essential to understanding element mobility during ductile deformation in the mid-lower crust. The Shagou ductile shear zone characterized with intensive compositional layering is investigated to understand element behaviors during high temperature ductile deformation. Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb chronology suggest the protoliths were magmatic rocks crystallized at ca. 735-723 Ma, overprinted by ductile deformation at ca. 198–184 Ma. Microstructure, quartz fabric, and thermometer coupled with barometer constrain the deformation to occur at 4.50–6.12 kbar and 633–713 °C. Field observations, geochemical and zircon U–Pb geochronological data suggest that the amphibolitic and gneissic mylonites were generated from geochemical differentiation during high-temperature ductile shearing. The geochemical contents of progressively deformed mylonites show systematic increasing or decreasing with enhancing mylonitization. Silica displays remarkably decreasing with enhancing mylonitization, whereas Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti and P tend to migrate to higher strain, more acid environment. REEs, LILEs, HFSEs, Zn and V display negative correlations with increasing mylonitization, suggesting that nearly all the trace elements migrate to lower strain in the amphibolitic mylonites. However, HREEs, HFSEs, Cr, Ni, Zn and V exhibit positive correlations with increasing mylonitization in the gneissic mylonites. It implies that these elements tend to migrate to higher strain, more acid environment during ductile deformation.

Ultra-Broadband Strong Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ferromagnetic Graphene Quartz Fabric.

Flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with ultrahigh shielding effectiveness (SE) are highly desirable for high-speed electronic devices to attenuate radiated emissions. For hindering interference of their internal or external EMI fields, however, a metallic enclosure suffers from relatively low SE, band-limited anti-EMI responses, poor corrosion resistance, and non-adaptability to the complex geometry of a given circuit. Here, a broadband, strong EMI shielding response fabric is demonstrated based on a highly structured ferromagnetic graphene quartz fiber (FGQF) via a modulation-doped chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth process. The precise control of the graphitic N-doping configuration endows graphene coatings on specifically designable quartz fabric weave with both high conductivity (3906 Scm-1 ) and high magnetic responsiveness (a saturation magnetization of ≈0.14 emug-1 under 300 K), thus attaining synergistic effect of EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption for broadband anti-EMI technology. The large-scale durable FGQF exhibits extraordinary EMI SE of ≈107dB over a broadband frequency (1-18GHz), by configuring ≈20nm-thick graphene coatings on a millimeter-thick quartz fabric. This work enables the potential for development of an industrial-scale, flexible, lightweight, durable, and ultra-broadband strong shielding material in advanced applications of flexible anti-electronic reconnaissance, antiradiation, and stealthy technologies.

Crystallographic preferred orientation of quartz deformed at granulite conditions: the Kalinjala Shear Zone, Port Neill, South Australia

Crystallographic preferred orientations of quartz aggregates in mylonitic orthogneisses from the highest strained central region of the Kalinjala Shear Zone, Port Neill South Australia, are products of a combination of constrictional and flattening strains. These rocks were deformed under granulite facies peak metamorphic conditions, reaching pressures of ∼1.0 GPa and temperatures of ∼800 ± 50 °C. Neutron diffraction textural and fabric analysis methods reveal a dominant single c-axis maximum parallel to the Y-strain axis. This is accompanied by a symmetric orthorhombic pattern, where the c-axis fabrics and corresponding pole figure densities of {a}, {m}, {r} and {z} planes are arranged around the XY foliation plane. These fabrics from coexisting adjacent layers suggest that the activation of prism-<a> slip is characteristic for these high-temperature deformation conditions. A small asymmetry in the [c], {a} and {m} pole figures suggests a minor component of dextral shearing. The c-axis pattern is weakened where the foliation is dominated by secondary phases, such as concentrations of biotite mica. The opening angles obtained from cross-girdle c-axis patterns produce temperature estimates that are ∼100 °C lower than the peak metamorphic temperature of ∼800 ± 50 °C, but closer to temperatures related to a component of flattening strain. These c-axis patterns are consistent with other structural characteristics and can be related to the late-stage flattening strains during the Kimban Orogeny. KEY POINTS Mylonitic orthogneisses are deformed under granulite facies conditions. Quartz fabrics were measured by bulk neutron diffraction and optical methods. Mylonite c-axis fabrics can be related to the high-temperature deformation and activation of the prism-< a > slip system. Crystal preferred orientations indicate a large component of flattening strain superimposed on the dextral shearing observed in the Kalinjala Shear Zone.

Kinematics, temperature and geochronology of the Qingyi ductile shear zone: Tectonic implications for late Neoarchean microblock amalgamation in the Western Shandong Province, North China craton

The Qingyi ductile shear zone is located in the Western Shandong Province, North China Craton, and it strikes NNW-SSE with a nearly vertical mylonitic foliation and horizontal stretching lineation. This shear zone is characterized by dextral strike-slip shearing. The estimated kinematic vorticity numbers of the studied mylonites ranging from 0.79 to 0.99 indicate that the shear zone is dominated by simple shear. Microstructures, quartz fabrics and mineral assemblages reveal that this shear zone is developed in upper greenschist facies with deformation temperatures of 400–500 °C. Zircon U–Pb data of mylonites and a late-kinematic vein constrain the timing of shearing at ∼2501 Ma. Biotite 40Ar/39Ar age data of the late-kinematic vein suggest the end of late tectono-thermal events and crustal stabilisation at ∼1878 Ma. Based on the geometry, kinematics and geochronology, the Qingyi ductile shear zone is interpreted to result from microblock amalgamation and indicates a horizontal tectonic regime of the Western Shandong Province during the late Neoarchean period.

Multiscale analysis on the anisotropic thermal conduction of laminated fabrics by finite element method

In this paper, we present a novel “Two-scale finite element method” (tFEM) based on virtual fiber models to investigate the heat conduction behavior of stacked quartz woven fabrics and predict their anisotropic thermal conductivity. Considering the random fiber distribution and the twisted characteristic of yarns, the yarn-scale model was established. Furthermore, the single-layer fabric was composed of interwoven virtual yarns, which are stacked to be the multi-laminate fabric-scale model. Both the yarn-scale model and the fabric-scale model were combined with air matrix to form the two-phase composite model. Hot-Disk thermal constant analyzer was used to measure the anisotropic thermal conductivity of yarns and woven fabrics. Excellent agreement between simulations and experiments is obtained, which indicates the multiscale finite element models in this paper is accurate. The innovations of the study are that not only the effects of fiber numbers and diameters on the thermal conductivity of twist yarns and quartz ply-fabrics are analyzed, but also the detailed heat flux distribution and temperature distribution between fibers and the air are simulated and analyzed. Moreover, the isotropic thermal conductivity of the yarn radial direction and the anisotropic thermal conductivity of quartz fabrics are illustrated.

Late Paleozoic deformation and tectonic significance of the South Central Tianshan Shear Zone, Kawabulake area, East Tianshan, NW China: Constraints from quartz fabrics and geochronologic data

The South Central Tianshan Shear Zone occurs along the southern margin of the Central Tianshan Block (CTB), NW China. This shear zone contains important information about the history of the amalgamation of various plates in the southwestern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This study focuses on the deformation of the South Central Tianshan Shear Zone within the Kawabulake area in East Tianshan and provides insights into the late Paleozoic tectonic history of this region. Field observations indicate that the shear zone records at least two ductile deformation events (D1 and D2), where D1 is a sinistral strike-slip deformation event and D2 is dextral strike-slip. The shear zone contains four giant tectonic lenses that were formed during the D2 event. Microstructures and quartz crystallographic preferred orientation patterns indicate that D1 and D2 both occurred under low temperature conditions. We constrained the timing of deformation using mica 40Ar/39Ar and zircon U–Pb approaches. The timing of D1 deformation is constrained in the range of 400–290 Ma and the early and late stages of D2 deformation occurred at ca. 290 and 276–270 Ma, respectively. Regional comparisons indicate that D1 resulted from the clockwise rotation of the Tarim Craton and the oblique subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean crust beneath the CTB, the early stage of D2 was the result of the oblique collision between the Tarim Craton and the CTB, and the late stage of D2 records the convergence of the Tarim Craton and plates north of the CTB.

Orientation of quartz grains in some Indian silicified woods

The quartz fabric of some underformed Indian silicified woods has been studied. All the fabric diagrams show girdles - preferred orientation girdling round the longitudinal axis of the tree trunks. The diagrams are of growth fabric determined by the anisotropy of the wood itself. The main principle involved is that the symmetry of the original wood structure should be preserved in the symmetry of the dimensional and the lattice patterns of the quartz fabric.&#x0D; The dissolved silicates enter the original wood through pore solution. They possibly crystallize by some sort of 'mimetic' crystallization.

A carbon nanotube-based textile pressure sensor with high-temperature resistance.

Textile pressure sensors capable of withstanding high temperatures have attracted increasing interest due to their potential applications in harsh conditions. In this work, a textile pressure sensor with high-temperature resistance was realized based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and quartz fabrics. The textile pressure sensors exhibited low fatigue over 20 000 cyclic loadings. Owing to the high-temperature resistance of MWCNTs and quartz fabrics, the textile sensor can work at temperatures up to 300 °C and can maintain good sensitivity after calcination at 900 °C in N2 for 30 min. This work provides a simple, facile, and inexpensive method for fabricating textile pressure sensors with high-temperature resistance.

Toward Wearable Biosensor with Ag Coated Quartz Fabric as Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate

Toward Wearable Biosensor with Ag Coated Quartz Fabric as Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate

Constraints of Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous materials (RSCM) and quartz fabrics of tectonites on orogenic belt tectonothermal evolution: A case study on the North Himalayan Ramba Gneiss Dome

Constraints of Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous materials (RSCM) and quartz fabrics of tectonites on orogenic belt tectonothermal evolution: A case study on the North Himalayan Ramba Gneiss Dome

Toward Wearable Biosensor with Ag Coated Quartz Fabric as Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate

Toward Wearable Biosensor with Ag Coated Quartz Fabric as Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate

Functionalized superhydrophobic quartz fabric with electro-photo-thermal conversion performance: Designed for low-cost and efficient self-heating deicing

Multifunctional, high-performance anti-icing/deicing surfaces are desired for resisting/delaying the formation of ice or reducing ice adhesion strength, but their application is limited due to poor flexibility and durability. In this work, an easy method is used to make an anti-icing/deicing surface by carbonizing and fluorinating on a soft quartz fabric (QF). Carbonizing pretreatment of quartz fabric makes carbon nanoparticles adhere to surface, decreasing the surface energy. Moreover, a dual-scale micro/nano structure is formed by microscale fabric and nanoparticles. By dipping 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FAS–17), the surface energy is further reduced and a superhydrophobic surface is obtained. The carbonated and fluorinated quartz fabric (QF–CF) has a water contact angle (WCA) of 150.2° and a low roll–off angle (RA) of 5°. The QF-CF membrane also exhibits superior self-heating performance with a dual-driving energy (electro-photo-thermal) conversion. Under voltage of 13 V, the temperature on QF–CF surface increases from room temperature to 249 °C. Under near infrared light (NIR, 2.5 W·cm−2) irradiation, a rapid light-to-heat response is observed and the temperature on surface reaches over 300 °C in 2 s. Impressively, the QF–CF exhibits excellent anti-icing performance, with a maximum icing delay time of 6 min and electro-thermal efficiency of 449 °C/ (W cm2). The multifunctional QF–CF heater is a promising and ideal candidate for future low-cost and efficient anti-icing/deicing material.

Middle Eocene‐Oligocene anatexis and exhumation of the Greater Himalayan Sequence in central Nepal

AbstractWe present structural analysis and zircon and monazite geochronology of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) in the Kali Gandaki valley, central Nepal. Although the foliation is moderately NE‐dipping, the upper GHS shows a top‐to‐WNW shear sense, whereas the lower GHS developed top‐to‐SW ductile shear zones. Quartz fabrics from mylonitic gneisses indicate deformation temperature from &gt;650°C to ~450°C. Monazite from the GHS recorded anatexis at “near peak” conditions from ~43 to 28 Ma and exhumation near the sillimanite‐kyanite transition at 25–21 Ma. Ages of zircon rims constrain the onset of exhumation. From the upper GHS to the Main Central Thrust zone, pervasive deformation and anticlockwise rotation of the lineation from the orogen‐parallel to orogen‐perpendicular direction suggest exhumation of the GHS by general shear from ~31 to 21 Ma. A two‐stage exhumation model is proposed to explain the diffuse strain distribution and anatexis during early crustal thickening.