Quarter Turn Research Articles

The influence of orthopedic rapid maxillary expansion on the deviation of the nasal septum.

Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is one of the most common abnormalities impacting the maxillofacial development of children. Herein, we investigated the impact of orthopedic rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the nasomaxillary complex and NSD in pediatric patients. The study sample consisted of a total of 40 patients divided into two groups. The experimental group included 26 patients (13 females and 13 males) with skeletal maxillary transversal constriction and NSD greater than 1 mm, while the control group comprised 14 patients (6 females and 8 males) with skeletal maxillary transversal constriction but no NSD. All the patients were treated for approximately 15 days with the tooth-tissue born RME device. The activation procedure was to turn the transversal Hyrax screw a quarter turn, twice a day. After that, the device was left in place for a period of five months to facilitate passive retention. Radiographic analysis was performed on posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric radiographs taken at pre-expansion (T1) and post-expansion (T2). The data were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Sign tests. The experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the distance from the axis of symmetry to middle of nasal septum (SNM-mid) and to inferior part of the nasal septum (SNI-mid) measurements, indicating a reduction in NSD. Additionally, both experimental and control groups showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in maxillofacial measurements, including the distance between the nose length (X-SNM and SNM-SNAC), width of the nasal cavity (Pir L-R), basal maxillary width (Mx L-R), vestibular cuspid of upper first molars (CVM + L-R) and lower first molars (CVM-L-R). Based on the study findings, RME was considered effective in achieving craniofacial improvement in pediatric patients with NSD, which positively impacted their healthy growth and development. The improvement in the nasomaxillary complex was similar between genders.

Immediate dentoskeletal and periodontal effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion: Comparison between young vs middle-aged adults

This study aimed to compare the dentoskeletal and periodontal changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in patients aged 18-29 and 30-45 years. The sample comprised 28 subjects with transverse maxillary discrepancy successfully treated with MARPE. The young adult (YA) group comprised 14 subjects (mean age, 22.8 years; 3 male, 11 female). The middle adult (MA) group comprised 14 subjects (mean age, 36.8 years; 6 male, 8 female). All patients were treated with a 4-miniscrew MARPE expander. The activation protocol was one quarter turn twice a day until the midline diastema opening, followed by one quarter turn a day until overcorrection. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken before and immediately after the expansion was analyzed using OnDemand3D Dental software. Using CBCT coronal images, transversal dentoskeletal and periodontal variables were measured in the preexpansion and postexpansion. Intergroup comparisons of expansion changes were performed using t and Mann-Whitney tests (P<0.05). Groups were compatible at preexpansion for most CBCT measurements. A success rate of midpalatal suture opening of 100% and 81% was observed for YA and MA groups, respectively. No intergroup differences were found for the maxillary and dental arch widths increases. The buccal tip of anchorage teeth was observed similarly in both groups. The buccal bone thickness of posterior teeth decreased, and the palatal bone thickness increased after expansion with no difference between groups. After MARPE, the MA group showed similar dentoskeletal and periodontal changes compared to the YA group.

Research on Location Estimation for Coal Tunnel Vehicle Based on Ultra-Wide Band Equipment

Because the road surfaces of the underground roadways in coal mines are slippery, uneven, with dust and water mist, and the noise and light illumination effects are significant, global positioning system (GPS) signals cannot be received, which seriously affects the ability of the odometer, optical camera and ultrasonic camera to collect data. Therefore, the underground positioning of coal mines is a difficult issue that restricts the intellectualization of underground transportation, especially for automatic robots and automatic driving vehicles. Ultra-wide band (UWB) positioning technology has low power consumption, high performance and good positioning effects in non-visual environments. It is widely used in coal mine underground equipment positioning and information transmission. In view of the above problems, this research uses the WLR-5A mining unmanned wheeled chassis experimental platform; uses two UWB receivers to infer the position and yaw information of the vehicle in the underground roadway through the method of differential mapping; and tests the vehicle on the double shift line and quarter turn line in the GAZEBO simulation environment and on the ground simulation roadway to simulate the vehicle meeting conditions and quarter turning conditions in the underground roadway. The positioning ability of the method in these two cases is tested. The simulation and test results show that the vehicle position and attitude information deduced by two UWB receivers through the differential mapping method can basically meet the requirements of underground environments when the vehicle is traveling at low speeds.

CBCT evaluation of buccal bone plate thickness following rapid maxillary expansion and semi rapid maxillary expansion: A comparative in vivo study

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effects of force delivered through rapid maxillary expansion and semi rapid maxillary expansion on the Buccal bone plate thickness using imaging.Material and Method: The study was conducted among 20 patients reporting to the OPD of Orthodontics department, RUHS College of Dental Science, Jaipur with transverse maxillary deficiency requiring expansion of maxilla. The sample was then divided into two groups, RME and SRME with 10 subjects in each group. A hyrax expansion screw was customized and bonded with an acrylic splint on the maxillary first premolars and first molars in both the groups. The appliance activation protocol of 4-quarter turn per day was followed in RME group whereas protocol of 2-quarter turns per day for the first week, followed by one- quarter turn every other day was followed in SRME group. After completion of expansion process, the screws were stabilized by tying ligature wire in hyrax opening hole. The same hyrax expansion screw was used for retention forat least 3 months after expansion. CBCT scans of each subject were done prior to the delivery of the expander (T1) and 3 months after the last activation of the expansion appliance (T2). DICOM images were obtained & Image analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the buccal bone corresponding to the maxillary first molars on the mesiobuccal root for the left sides at 3- & 6-mm distance from CEJ. The change in buccal bone thickness is then evaluated in pre & post CBCT in both the groups. Data obtained was compiled on to a MS Office excel worksheet & subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software. Paired t test was used for the comparisons between the groups. For all the statistical tests, P0.05). In case of RME the mean difference in buccal bone plate thickness at 3mm was 0.66 ±0.12mm and at 6 mm it was 0.82 ±0.19 mm and the mean difference at 3mm and 6 mm point was found to be 0.16 mm which was statistically significant (P0.05). In case of RME the mean difference in buccal bone plate thickness at 3mm was 0.66 ±0.12mm and at 6 mm it was 0.82 ±0.19 mm and the mean difference at 3mm and 6 mm point was found to be 0.16 mm which was statistically significant (P

A field study conducted on the beginners of artistic gymnastics at Al-Afaq Mostaganem School

This study introduces one of the modern techniques in the field of cognitive psychology and complements to the training process for artistic gymnastics coaches, in order to develop the level of athletic performance and skill performance in general. In particular, the study contained two homogeneous and equal groups, one experimental and the other controlled. The researcher applied a training program on the skill of mental imagery accompanying the skill training on the experimental sample consisting of (8) juniors in artistic gymnastics, to know the effect of this type of training in developing the level of skill performance of some basic skills on the ground movement apparatus (wheel with quarter turn – back flip – back somersault straight). The duration of the program was defined as (08) weeks at the rate of (03) training units per week, and the units of the proposed program included exercises (muscle and mental relaxation, basic mental imagery and multidimensional mental perception). The results indicated that there is a positive direct relationship between the development of the level of mental imagery and the level of skill performance of the motion skills under study. Accordingly, the researcher recommends the need to incorporate such mental programs while planning various preparation programs, in order to develop the mental abilities of athletes to improve the level of skill performance.

Continuous high-pressure torsion of pure Al and Al-2 wt% Fe alloy using multi-wires

The process of high-pressure torsion (HPT) is applied for grain refinement in a wire form of pure Al and an Al-2% Fe alloy. An earlier version of the continuous HPT (CHPT) was further developed in this study, so that two wires were processed simultaneously. The two wires were placed symmetrically along a circumferential direction so that the pressure was equally applied on the wires to allow a stable processing. Guiding holes were made at both the inlet and outlet sides of the grooves on the upper anvils so that no interference of the two wires occurs. As in the earlier version, the surface roughness of the upper grooves and lower grooves were made different. Thus, this difference causes a continuous material flow when the lower anvil is rotated with respect to the upper anvil due to the occurrence of more slippage with the upper anvil. The modified CHPT process was then performed using the upsized anvils having two grooves with a half circular cross section on the upper and lower anvils with 100-mm-outer and 94-mm-inner diameters. The grain size was reduced to ~ 1 μm for pure Al and ~ 400 nm for the Al-2% Fe alloy after rotation by a quarter turn. The tensile strength of 280 MPa was achieved in the Al-2% Fe alloy, and an equivalent strain of ~ 25 was introduced through this CHPT process. It is suggested that CHPT process with multi numbers of wires is feasible when the anvil diameter is enlarged.

OF AN ENLIGHTENMENT-CONSERVATIVE TONE RECENTLY ADOPTED IN PHILOSOPHY

How can an enterprise, such as Sloterdijk defines in his You Must Change Your Life and its satellite The Art of Philosophy, be “Enlightenment-conservative”? That is the question leading these reflections on the key terms that contain both works in nuce – practice of course, but also perspective and retrospective, transition, extension, explicitation, turn, return, and quarter turn –, reflections that shed light on Sloterdijk’s non-revolutionary conception of Enlightenment as a continuing modernity, without postmodernity, but in need of a curator, a conservateur, and that expose the ontologico-ethical question of the authoritative or sublime imperative (you must) in its Heideggerian, Nietzschean, and finally pseudo-Kantian, even apocalyptic tones, and in its attempt to preserve not only the Enlightenment, but the Renaissance and Antiquity at the same time.

Refined enumeration of symmetry classes of alternating sign matrices

We prove refined enumeration results on several symmetry classes as well as related classes of alternating sign matrices with respect to classical boundary statistics, using the six-vertex model of statistical physics. More precisely, we study vertically symmetric, vertically and horizontally symmetric, vertically and horizontally perverse, off-diagonally and off-antidiagonally symmetric, vertically and off-diagonally symmetric, quarter turn symmetric as well as quasi quarter turn symmetric alternating sign matrices. Our results prove conjectures of Fischer, Duchon and Robbins.

Awareness of Therapeutic Positions in Women During Pregnancy Related Lumbar and Pelvic Pain

Objectives- Pregnancy related lumbar and pelvic pain is very common. This pain is mainly because of hormonal and postural changes occur during pregnancy. Lumbar and pelvic pain is the most common cause of discomfort experienced by pregnant women during pregnancy. so, Awareness about therapeutic positions to reduce that pain is very necessary. Some ergonomic positions given to the women which can help to improve posture and decrease discomfort and also relieving pain. It will give more comfort to the patient for day to day activities during pregnancy. Hence, this study aims to aware the pregnant women about therapeutic positions , that decrease the lumbar and pelvic pain and discomfort. This study was conducted to find out the awareness of therapeutic positions in the pregnant women about lumbar and pelvic pain. Methodology- The study group consisted of 64 women. . Females with age group of 25 to 35yrs. A prevalence study was conducted among females of all three trimesters of pregnancy. Females were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were assessed by performing visual analog rating scale and questionnaire was used to evaluate any physical disability contribute to lumbar and pelvic pain.. The data was collected and analysed accordingly. Result- Data from sixty four females were obtained and analysed. Most of women were not aware about therapeutic positions ,only few were aware about therapeutic positions who was well educated. So 33% were aware and 67% were not aware about those positions. Following were some preferred therapeutic positions : 87% of women preferred side lying .8% preferred Quarter turn from prone, 3% preferred Sitting leaning forward, 2% preferred Sitting astride a chair. Conclusion- We found out that there is awareness about therapeutic position and there effects is not seen in all women during pregnancy in Krishna hospital , Karad.

Three-dimensional assessment of transverse dentoskeletal mandibular dimensions after utilizing two designs of fixed mandibular expansion appliance: A prospective clinical investigation.

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the dentoskeletal transverse mandibular arch dimensions following the use of two designs of fixed mandibular expanders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Twenty orthodontic patients, 12 females and 8 males, with mean age of 13.4 ± 0.5 years were selected and randomly divided into two equivalent groups; group A consisted of 10 patients (4 boys, 6 girls) who were treated with modified Williams expander and group B consisted of 10 patients (4 boys, 6 girls) who were treated with a two-arm fixed expander. Consistent expansion instructions were given to all patients according to a standardized slow protocol of one quarter turn twice/week for both expanders. Routine orthodontic records as well as mandibular CBCTs were obtained before (T1) and immediately after expansion (T2) to estimate changes in dentoskeletal mandibular transverse dimensions. The data was statistically analyzed and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Mandibular intercanine, inter-premolar, intermolar widths; and arch perimeter were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) following expansion with both fixed expanders. However, the changes in inter-premolar width, intercanine width, and arch perimeter were significantly augmented in two-arm fixed expander group than modified Williams’s group. In contrast, their effects on the skeletal mandibular body width were non-significant (p > 0.05). Both expanders yielded significant and equivalent dentoalveolar effects that were more evident with two-arm fixed expander than the William one. Both fixed designs enhanced mandibular transverse dental dimensions; however, they were unsuccessful to create any considerable skeletal effects.

The Effect of Quarter Turn from Prone on Oxygen Saturation among Premature Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

&lt;p&gt;The rate of death and illnesses on premature babies is mostly respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Desaturated-period frequently occurs on premature babies with RDS. One intervention to prevent it is a quarter turn from prone position. The research design was pre-experimental study with one group pre- and post-test design. This study involved 20 respondents that were selected with consecutive sampling technique. The setting of the research was in Perinatology ward at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo. The oxygen saturation was examined before and after 2 hours of intervention. Data was then analyzed with Wilcoxon test. The results showed that median value of SpO2 before quarter turn from prone position was 94%, and its value after two hours of intervention was 96.5%. It was found that there was a significant effect in giving quarter turn from prone position to oxygen saturation on premature babies with RDS. Quarter turn from prone position was able to increase oxygen saturation on premature babies with RDS and is possible to be implemented in perinatology room.&lt;/p&gt;

Deaf Turns, Beki Turns, Transformations: Toward New Forms of Deaf Queer Sociality

This article explores queer cultures and advocacy in the Philippines. Through an analysis of a gay beauty pageant and a series of HIV and AIDS awareness video blogs (vlogs) for and about LGBT Filipinos, this article examines the queer/crip nexus as it intersects with discourses of contagion and normalization. We employ Michele Friedner's concept of deaf as an analytic to understand these two cases, which we see as vivid examples of orientations and similitude. We focus on embodied turns that occur on a beauty pageant stage and argue that actors carve out deaf-centered spaces in which they emphasize queer worth and value. Then, we examine how subjects, in collaboration with a hearing LGBT organization, plead for hearing-centered institutions to engage in a turn—a turn or quarter turn—to make these spaces more accessible. Finally, we argue that the vlog, through its deployment of beki sign language, in contradistinction to Filipino Sign Language, not only pushes parts of hearing society to make turns and quarter turns, but also exhibits what we describe as a beki turn, a reorientation toward beki culture. Taken together, we argue that as turns and beki turns come in contact, they produce new forms of queer sociality.

Determination of forces on a split palatal screw after rapid maxillary expansion.

Aim of this study was to develop a finite element model of the forces that patients with rapid maxillary expansion bear and to validate it by a mechanical test. Computer-aided design models of the metallic screw and polymeric splint were modelled and discretized. Two forces were generated and considered independently: F1 at the temporary molar (2.5N) and F2 at the permanent molar (2.5N). The results of the finite element analysis were used to define the strain values which the anterior and posterior arms of the rapid maxillary expansion appliance bore as a linear function of F1-F2 by calculating the strain-force coefficient δ ij . Two strain gauge rosettes were attached to an appliance which was placed in an XY motorized stage to reproduce the same forces used in the finite element analysis. Once the system was validated, the matrix was inverted to determine forces F1 and F2 that a group of 40 patients underwent (median age 8.33years, standard deviation 1.86years) for 75days, using their strain values. The parents of the patients activated a quarter turn (0.20mm) twice a day until 50% transversal overcorrection was achieved. Finite element analysis showed that the effects of the forces on stress at the location of the arms were notably different. There was a satisfactory correlation between finite element analysis predictions and in vitro values. Dissipation of F1 and F2 in patients was predicted to be 62.5 and 80%, respectively, after 75days of retention. These results back the finite element analysis model for force prediction.

Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation.

In patients of various ages undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), it has been observed that positions other than the standard supine position, such as the prone position, may improve respiratory parameters. The benefits of these positions have not been clearly defined for critically ill newborns receiving MV.This is an update of a review first published in 2005 and last updated in 2013. Primary objectiveTo assess the effects of different positioning of newborn infants receiving MV (supine vs prone, lateral decubitus or quarter turn from prone) in improving short-term respiratory outcomes. Secondary objectiveTo assess the effects of different positioning of newborn infants receiving MV on mortality and neuromotor and developmental outcomes over the long term, and on other complications of prematurity. We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 8), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 22 August 2016), Embase (1980 to 22 August 2016) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to 22 August 2016). We also searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. Randomised and quasi-randomised clinical trials comparing different positions in newborns receiving mechanical ventilation. Three unblinded review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion in the review and extracted study data. We used standard methodological procedures as expected by The Cochrane Collaboration and assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. If the meta-analysis was not appropriate owing to substantial clinical heterogeneity between trials, we presented review findings in narrative format. We included in this review 19 trials involving 516 participants. Seven of the included studies (N = 222) had not been evaluated in the previous review. Investigators compared several positions: prone versus supine, prone alternant versus supine, prone versus lateral right, lateral right versus supine, lateral left versus supine, lateral alternant versus supine, lateral right versus lateral left, quarter turn from prone versus supine, quarter turn from prone versus prone and good lung dependent versus good lung uppermost.Apart from two studies that compared lateral alternant versus supine, one comparing lateral right versus supine and two comparing prone or prone alternant versus the supine position, all included studies had a cross-over design. In five studies, infants were ventilated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); in the other studies, infants were treated with conventional ventilation (CV).Risks of bias did not differ substantially for different comparisons and outcomes. This update detects a moderate to high grade of inconsistency, similar to previous versions. However, for the analysed outcomes, the direction of effect was the same in all studies. Therefore, we consider that this inconsistency had little effect on the conclusions of the meta-analysis. When comparing prone versus supine position, we observed an increase in arterial oxygen tension (PO2) in the prone position (mean difference (MD) 5.49 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.92 to 8.05 mmHg; three trials; 116 participants; I2= 0). When percent haemoglobin oxygen saturation was measured with pulse oximetry (SpO2), improvement in the prone position was between 1.13% and 3.24% (typical effect based on nine trials with 154 participants; I2= 89%). The subgroup ventilated with CPAP (three trials; 59 participants) showed a trend towards improving SpO2 in the prone position compared with the supine position, although the mean difference (1.91%) was not significant (95% CI -1.14 to 4.97) and heterogeneity was extreme (I2= 95%).Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with low risk of selection bias showed homogeneous results and verified a small but significant effect (MD 0.64, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.02; four trials; 92 participants; I2= 0).We also noted a slight improvement in the number of episodes of desaturation; it was not possible to establish whether this effect continued once the intervention was stopped. Investigators studied few adverse effects from the interventions in sufficient detail. Two studies analysed tracheal cultures of neonates after five days on MV, reporting lower bacterial colonisation in the alternating lateral position than in the supine posture. Other effects - positive or negative - cannot be excluded in light of the relatively small numbers of neonates studied. This update of our last review in 2013 supports previous conclusions. Evidence of low to moderate quality favours the prone position for slightly improved oxygenation in neonates undergoing mechanical ventilation. However, we found no evidence to suggest that particular body positions during mechanical ventilation of the neonate are effective in producing sustained and clinically relevant improvement.

Torque Loss After Miniscrew Placement: An In-Vitro Study Followed by a Clinical Trial.

To evaluate torque loss a week after insertion, both in an in vivo and an in vitro experimental setup were designed. In the in vivo setup a total of 29 miniscrews were placed in 20 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was evaluated at insertion time (T1). A week later, insertion torque was measured again by applying a quarter turn (T2); no load was applied on the screw during the first week. In the in vitro setup a total of 20 miniscrews were placed in pig rib bone samples. MIT was evaluated at insertion time (T1). Bone samples were kept in saline solution and controlled environment for a week during which the solution was refreshed every day. Afterwards, torque was measured again by applying a quarter turn (T2). The comparison of MIT over time was done calculating the percentage difference of the torque values between pre- and post-treatment and using the parametric two independent samples t-test or the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. After a week unloaded miniscrews showed a mean loss of rotational torque of 36.3% and 40.9% in in vitro and in in vivo conditions, respectively. No statistical differences were found between the two different setups. Torque loss was observed after the first week in both study models; in vitro experimental setup provided a reliable study model for studying torque variation during the first week after insertion.

Effect of time and body position on ventilation in premature infants

Infants with respiratory dysfunction undergo regular position changes to improve lung function however it is not known how often a position change should occur. This study measured changes in lung function occurring over time after repositioning in preterm infants. Changes in end-expiratory level (EEL) and ventilation distribution were measured 30 mins, 2 h, and 4 h after repositioning into either prone, quarter turn from prone, or supine using Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). Physiological measurements were also taken. Sixty preterm infants were included in the study. Infants receiving respiratory support (mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)) had improved ventilation homogeneity after 2 h (P < 0.01), maintained at 4 h. Spontaneously breathing infants had improved homogeneity at 2 h (P < 0.01) and improved global EEL after 4 h (P < 0.01) whereas infants receiving CPAP demonstrated an improved global EEL at 2 h (P < 0.01). Regional ventilation distribution is influenced by time independent of changes due to body position. Differences exist between infants on ventilatory support compared with those who are spontaneously breathing. Infants receiving ventilatory support have a physiological peak in lung function after 2 h which remains above baseline at 4 h. A change in body position facilitates an improvement in lung function in infants on ventilatory support.

Does rapid maxillary expansion affect nasopharyngeal airway? A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study

Background and purposeThere is limited literature discussing the three dimnesional (3D) impact of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on upper airway. The purpose of this prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study is to assess the immediate 3D effects and to correlate the volumteric changes in the upper naspharyngeal airway spaces secondary to RME. Materials and methodsSeventeen participants (8 male, 9 female, with a mean age of 12.6 ± 1.8 years), who required RME for the management of narrow maxillary arch, were recruited for this study. The prescribed expansion regimen was quarter turn (0.25 mm), twice a day until over-expansion was achieved. The mean period for the active phase was 14 days with a range of 12–21 days. Pretreatment (T1) and immediate post-expansion (T2) CBCT images were obtained and then processed using ITK snap and OnDemand3D softwar packages. Paired t-test and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the reproducibility of the measurements, student t-test (P < 0.05) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) were applied to evaluate the volumetric changes in the nasopharyngeal airway spaces, linear dentolaveolar changes and correlate these changes. Main findingsThough, the data of one patient was excluded from the study, owing to major differences (>5 degrees) in the head and neck posture between T1 and T2 CBCT scans, the study' findings shows that bonded RME is an effective dentoalveolar expander in growing patients (P= 0.01) with an average expansion of 3.7 mm and 2.8 mm in males and females respectively. Likewise, the upper nasopharynx (UNP) expanded significantly (15.2% in males and 12% in females). In comparison, the upper retropalatal space (URP) was significantly reduced, by almost one sixth of its original volume, more in males than females, 11.2% and 2.8% respectively. A strong direct correlation between the maxillary sinus volumetric changes, and between appliance expansion and dentoalveolar expansion were evident (PCC = 0.86, 0.75, respectively). There was also a moderate correlation between changes in the UNP and URP spaces. ConclusionsRME was found to be an effective dentoalveolar expander and significantly augment the UNP and minimize the URP space. A similar comparative clinical study with long-term follow-up would be beneficial in accurately deteremining the clinical impact of RME on the airway and breathing as well as the stability of these effects.

Technical tip in dynamic hip screw plate insertion.

Dynamic hip screw procedures are performed commonly by orthopaedic registrars during their training. After successful screw insertion, trainees can face the challenge of sliding the plate on the screw without impinging against the bone, and the clearing of skin and soft tissues distally. We describe a technical tip where, after the screw is inserted to the desired length, the screw is turned a quarter turn anticlockwise for a right procedure and clockwise for a left procedure (always towards the patient’s head). The plate is then inserted vertically but only partially, with the distal tip facing up. The plate together with the screw is turned so the plate is parallel to the shaft. During this manoeuvre, the skin and soft tissue can easily be retracted distally. The barrel of the plate can then be fully inserted. This Technical Tip video was created by DY Makki and J Rao at the Countess of Chester Hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97: 163 The technical tip that accompanies this video can be viewed here:...

Fabrication method for inductive mesh film on spherical substrates

To fabricate an inductive mesh film with a micron grade line width on a concave spherical substrate, we put forward a laser direct writing method of concentric optical scan, and it means that the intersecting point of three kinematic axes and an optical axis is the curvature centre of concavity. The specific scanning way is separated into four steps. Firstly, a concave spherical substrate of coating photoresist is installed erectly on a horizontal shafting, and a laser beam is focused on the edge of photoresist surface. Afterward, the substrate and horizontal shafting rotate as a whole with the rotary of an erect shafting, a line is written on the photoresist surface while a rotation period is accomplished. Then, the laser beam is turned an angle at the pitching direction, and the substrate is rotated again a cycle, so another line is written. Repeating this way, we get a set of latitude lines. Finally, the substrate makes a quarter turn around the horizontal axis, and repeating preceding processes, we get a mesh figure of intersecting latitude lines. In the experiment part, we fabricate an inductive mesh film with a period 600 μm and a line width 7 μm on a concave spherical substrate.

The effectiveness of quarter turn from prone in maintaining respiratory function in premature infants.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of quarter turn from prone compared with supine and prone positioning in maintaining respiratory function in premature infants managed in a neonatal intensive care unit. The study was a prospective, randomised, cross-over trial with concealed allocation and intention to treat analysis. Fifty-four infants ≤32 weeks gestation were randomly allocated to the order of the positions supine, prone and quarter turn from prone. Distribution of ventilation was assessed by measurement of regional impedance amplitude, global inhomogeneity index and phase angle analysis using electrical impedance tomography 30 min after each position change. Physiological characteristics of heart rate, respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation and inspired oxygen were also measured. There was a significant difference between positions for RR with the RR in quarter turn from prone significantly lower than for supine (mean difference 6.53 breaths/min; 2.04-11.02), but not compared with the prone position. No significant differences between positions were found for any of the other outcomes measured. This study demonstrated that quarter turn from prone had an immediate positive positional effect on the RR of premature infants. The position of quarter turn from prone was comparable with prone in the maintenance of lung function and had a superior effect over supine on RR. These findings support the view that a quarter turn from prone can be confidently used in neonatal nurseries to manage premature infants.