Quantum Concepts Research Articles

Will Quantum Medicine be a Novel Model in the Future?

Quantum medicine, a cutting-edge field at the intersection of quantum physics and healthcare, holds immense promise for revolutionizing the future of medical practice. By harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics, this novel approach seeks to explore the profound connection between energy, consciousness, and healing. In this article, we delve into the foundations of quantum medicine, its applications in diagnosis and treatment, the transformative potential of quantum healing modalities, and the challenges and opportunities in integrating quantum concepts into conventional healthcare systems. Join us on a journey to uncover the paradigm-shifting implications of quantum medicine in shaping the landscape of healthcare delivery and patient well-being.

Design and evaluation of a questionnaire to assess learners’ understanding of quantum measurement in different two-state contexts: The context matters

The teaching and learning of quantum physics has recently become a topic of increasing interest in physics education research. In particular, the study of two-state systems is gaining importance as a means of teaching quantum physics at various educational levels. Meanwhile, a number of approaches have been developed that are also suitable for high school students. It can be assumed that the different approaches have different degrees of effectiveness in teaching central quantum concepts. However, suitable evaluation instruments to test this are still lacking. Therefore, as a first step, a short questionnaire on quantum measurement, suitable for both research and classroom use, was developed in several steps. First, a questionnaire with open and closed items was created and piloted with a total of N=120 learners. The responses were evaluated qualitatively using a comprehensive coding manual, which provided insights into learners’ conceptions. These results led to the development of an eight-item questionnaire that could be adapted to different teaching approaches. This questionnaire was subjected to expert review and, finally, successfully tested for its psychometric properties with a sample of N=201 learners. Overall, our results provide initial empirical evidence that context (i.e., which two-state approach is used) does matter for student learning, but in general, two-state approaches appear to be particularly conducive to learning quantum concepts (specified in this article for quantum measurement) compared to traditional instruction. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Next Stages/phases of Science - Nature Cure + Organic Farming & Nonviolence

Having Experienced the advantages of Issacs Newton Era Science of Machine Concept and that of Albert Eistiene Era Science of Systems View (Quantum Concept, Holism, Unified Field), the modern science seems to be saturated, as new inventions & discoveries are not forthcoming for 'adaptation, and scientists & scientific institutions seem to be engaged in mitigation activities.. Human kind, other creatures and the earth & universe itself are facing Health Crisis, “Climate Change” crisis pointing to extinction of human race with few other spices. Therefore the third and forth stages/ phases of modern science has to be advantageous to overcome these crisis. My studies ishow that Nature Cure + Organic Farming shall be beneficial as the third stage/ phase, while Non-violence in its true sense shall be beneficial as the forth stage/ phase of modern science.

Eluding Zeno effect via dephasing and detuning

We analyze some variants of the Zeno effect in which the frequent observation of the population of an intermediate state does not prevent the transition of the system from the initial state to a certain final state. This is achieved by considering system observation involving suitably introduced phase shifts and detunings that leads to a rather rich measurement-induced dynamics by the alteration of the interference governing quantum evolution. For initial nonclassical states this includes entanglement as a way of evolution from the initial to the final state avoiding the intermediate state. This possibility is presented in a particular physical scenario in the form of a chain of three coupled harmonic oscillators, but we readily show then that the idea can be applied to other physical systems as well, such as atomic-level dynamics. These results are significant for a better knowledge of fundamental quantum concepts as well as regarding suitable applications in the proper control of quantum dynamics, as this is a key feature of modern applications of the quantum theory.

Guest Editorial: Quantum industry: Applications in quantum communication (Quantum.Tech Europe 2022)

AbstractQuantum technology harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to accomplish tasks in a different way as compared to the classical technologies. This includes quantum computing, which uses qubits for parallel information processing, greatly enhancing computation speed and entanglement and empowering problem‐solving abilities. Quantum communication provides secure data transmission through quantum cryptography, while quantum sensing offers improved measurement precision, benefiting areas such as cryptography, material science, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the implementation and commercialisation of quantum technology involve transitioning theoretical quantum concepts into practical applications and marketable products. To achieve widespread adoption of quantum industry, significant research efforts are crucial among academia, industry, and government.

‘Quantum technology will change my life.’ Citizens’ attitudes and knowledge of quantum science and technology

Technology experts, industry leaders, and policy makers expect that a revolution in quantum technology is imminent. From earlier emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, it has become clear that an early connection with the public is beneficial for the societal impact of the technology. However, little research has yet been done on public attitudes and knowledge of quantum science and technology. In this work, we quantitatively measure the attitude of N = 145 citizens of Leiden (NL) towards quantum science and technology and probe their knowledge on quantum concepts. Results indicate that these citizens have heard about ‘quantum’ through a wide variety of sources. They see quantum as globally important and admirable and most would like to learn more about quantum, but they do feel disconnected from developments in the field. Recommendations for the future include emphasizing any personal connections between citizens and quantum, adapting explanations to fit any level of education, and providing either reliable sources or a framework for critically evaluating quantum-related information.

Disclosure of the True Essence of Quantum Theory on the Basis of Scientific Philosophy

It is well known that in 1900, after Planck obtained the basic equation of quantum theory, there came a moment when it became necessary to obtain a theoretical justification of this equation. In 1911, based on the possibility of Gibbs' canonical distribution function (CDF), he solved this problem partially: he obtained a justification for the second multiplier of his equation. Then on the basis of the analysis of these results he stated that henceforth in the role of the basic concept of quantum theory there is a necessity to accept the possibility of the concept of the quantum of action. However, Poincaré at the same congress criticized these new ideas. For he recognized the value of the idea of the quantum of action in solving only frequent problems. Therefore, he further, in his article entitled "On the Theory of Quanta", made the following conclusion: in his opinion, the main essence of quantum theory is connected with the concept of the quantum of energy [1]. Thus, he wanted to say that in the future the main results of Planck's quantum theory have the possibility to substantiate only if the possibility of the concept of energy quantum is taken as more general. In this paper an attempt is made to prove that it is really so.

Redshift and Photon Energy Attenuation Constant in Vacuum

There obtained an estimate of the minimum value of the photon energy attenuation constant in vacuum α: α = 8 · 10–19 m–1 based on quantum concepts of the structure of vacuum and data on the red shift of the emitter spectra of distant galaxies. Presumably, the cosmic microwave radiation is partly the thermal vacuum radiation heated by the photon fluxes from the infinite universe. Despite the universe infinity, the sky is dark precisely due to the photon’s energy absorption from distant and ultra-distant galaxies in vacuum, and not only the photon absorption during various interactions with the gas or dust components of intergalactic clusters. Thus, the emission spectrum of these ultra-distant objects is transformed into the microwave range, which complements the intensity of thermal radiation in this range. The inconsistency of alternative explanations for the red shift is shown: the Doppler effect in the cosmological model of the expanding universe and the Big Bang, and the gravitational shift.

Dynamics of Quantum Correlation in a Two‐qutrit Heisenberg XXZ Model with Heitler‐London and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Couplings

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamics of quantum coherence and entanglement in the spin‐1 Heisenberg XXZ model. Particularly, the effects of the Heitler‐London (HL) coupling and the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya (DM) interaction are examined. By utilizing tools from quantum information theory, the concept of quantum correlated coherence and negativity are explored. The results show intrinsic decoherence leads to a decay of both correlated coherence and negativity. Interestingly, it is found that a small value of the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction can significantly enhance coherence and entanglement. Various factors influence the system dynamics, including the initial state, anisotropy parameter, and the coupling distance between spins. It is shown that, by fixing the anisotropy parameter, the isotropic Heisenberg models XX and XXX can be easily recovered. Ultimately, the findings highlight that the system maintains a coherent temporal evolution despite decoherence.

Expansions of the theatre at the times of quantum: Temptation by radicalism

Relevance. This article explores the emerging field of �quantum theatre� and critically examines attempts to apply quantum concepts to theatrical theory and practice. Purpose. This article aims to evaluate the current state of quantum theatre research and propose new theoretical frameworks. Methodology. The author conducts a critical analysis of existing literature on quantum theatre, including works by Carol Fisher, Naomi Iizuka, Anne Bogart, and others. The methodology involves examining these works through the lens of quantum physics principles, while cautioning against simplistic analogies. Results. The analysis reveals that many current approaches to quantum theatre rely on superficial analogies to quantum phenomena without sufficient rigor. The author argues there is not yet a true �quantum theatre�, but rather early explorations of quantum-inspired ideas. The author proposes new theoretical frameworks drawing on Rupert Sheldrake�s morphogenetic fields and V.V. Nalimov�s �fields of consciousness� to understand theatrical phenomena. Conclusions. This article concludes that more rigorous interdisciplinary approaches drawing on quantum physics, biology, and consciousness studies offer promising directions for future research. The author suggests that theatre and artistic culture in general as open non-linear systems operating based on self-organization, self-regulation and self-development, with high degrees of freedom, can provide a unique understanding of quantum phenomena at the macro level, potentially contributing to the fundamental principles of cognitive theory. Keywords: morphogenetic fields; quantum biology; non-linear theatre; space-time in performance; post-non-classical art science

From light polarization to quantum physics: Supporting lower secondary school students’ transition from gestalt to functional thinking

In this paper, we present a new minimal mathematical conceptual approach to quantum mechanics using light polarization for lower secondary school students with the aim of bringing students closer to the so-called quantum mechanical way of thinking. We investigated how students think about some of the basic concepts and fundamental laws and we found that certain concepts are quite well-understandable in younger grades too. We studied the introduction of the so-called state circle, which can faithfully represent quantum mechanical formalism without involving students in abstract algebraic calculations. We then categorized and analyzed students’ thoughts on the superposition principle and the lack of trajectory, finding that the concept of measurement and the lack of trajectory were problematic. We explored that younger students tend to hold gestalt-like mental models of quantum concepts, while at the same time being able to use visualizations correctly for reasoning in the quantum realm. Overall, this paper provides evidence in favor of introducing basic features of quantum mechanics as early as in lower secondary school.

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics undergraduates’ knowledge and interest in quantum careers: Barriers and opportunities to building a diverse quantum workforce

Efforts to build the workforce in support of the second quantum revolution are growing, including the creation of education programs that will prepare students for jobs in this area. We surveyed 186 undergraduate students with majors across the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines and followed up with group interviews to understand their perspectives. The project was designed to understand what these STEM students know about quantum and quantum career opportunities and their level of interest in pursuing a career related to quantum. We found that most of the students know very little about quantum. Nevertheless, except for students in the life sciences, there was an interest in quantum careers. Across STEM majors, women were less likely to express interest in quantum careers than men, but this difference disappeared when we examined only physical and computer science majors. Of the few students who had knowledge of quantum concepts, most learned about this topic from online media, especially online videos. Some students reported learning about quantum in high school classes, where it was taught as an extension beyond the usual topics of the course. The undergraduate STEM students in our study identified multiple ways they would like to learn more about quantum, including short videos, seminars, courses, certificates, and degree programs. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

On-premises superconducting quantum computer for education and research

With a growing interest in quantum technology globally, there is an increasing need for accessing relevant physical systems for education and research. In this paper we introduce a commercially available on-site quantum computer utilizing superconducting technology, offering insights into its fundamental hardware and software components. We show how this system can be used in education to teach quantum concepts and deepen understanding of quantum theory and quantum computing. It offers learning opportunities for future talent and contributes to technological progress. Additionally, we demonstrate its use in research by replicating some notable recent achievements.

From conceptual spaces to quantum concepts: formalising and learning structured conceptual models

From conceptual spaces to quantum concepts: formalising and learning structured conceptual models

Exploring students’ views about basic concepts in introductory quantum mechanics

Literature in physics education shows that students still experience difficulties learning quantum mechanics, although it is now part of the high school curriculum and many research-based proposals are available. Prior works mostly focused on specific misconceptions and a clearer picture of students’ ideas on general quantum concepts is still lacking. We addressed these issues by inspecting, through multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, the responses given by 408 Italian high school and undergraduate students to a Likert scale questionnaire on quantum physics. From our preliminary results, we can conclude that the majority of students leave high school and enter university without a sound model of the quantum world.

An approach to the Second Quantum Revolution for secondary school students: the case of the random walk algorithm

The teaching of quantum technologies has now become a leading topic and is at the heart of numerous international programs (e.g., quantum flagship, National Quantum Initiative, UK national quantum technology program) with the aim of widening the workforce and preparing the next generations of experts. In the present contribution, we present an approach for teaching the Second Quantum Revolution to secondary school students that we developed in recent years. The approach aims to emphasize the ongoing revolution as first of all a cultural revolution and its intrinsic interdisciplinary character. As an emblematic case of some aspects of the approach, we present an activity on the classical and quantum random walk algorithms whose main aims are to recontextualize some basic quantum concepts (quantum state, state manipulation/evolution, measurement, and entanglement) in the case of the algorithm and to reflect on the main differences between the classical and quantum case in terms of logic behind its functioning as well as from an epistemological perspective.

On the emergent “Quantum” theory in complex adaptive systems

We explore the concept of emergent quantum-like theory in complex adaptive systems, and examine in particular the concrete example of such an emergent (or “mock”) quantum theory in the Lotka–Volterra system. In general, we investigate the possibility of implementing the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics on classical systems, and what would be the conditions for using such an approach. We start from a standard description of a classical system via Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) equation and reduce it to an effective Schrodinger-type equation, with a (mock) Planck constant ▪ , which is system-dependent. The condition for this is that the so-called quantum potential VQ, which is state-dependent, is canceled out by some additional term in the HJ equation. We consider this additional term to provide for the coupling of the classical system under consideration to the ‘environment’. We assume that a classical system could cancel out the VQ term (at least approximately) by fine tuning to the environment. This might provide a mechanism for establishing a stable, stationary states in (complex) adaptive systems, such as biological systems. In particular, we present a general argument as to why the non-equilibrium dynamics of a classical system could lead to a mock quantum description that ensures stability compatible with adaptability. In this context we emphasize the state dependent nature of the mock quantum dynamics and we also introduce the new concept of the mock quantum, state dependent, statistical field theory. We also discuss some universal features of the quantum-to-classical as well as the mock-quantum-to-classical transition found in the turbulent phase of the hydrodynamic formulation of our proposal. In this way we re-frame the concept of decoherence into the concept of ‘quantum turbulence’, i.e. that the transition between quantum and classical could be defined in analogy to the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in hydrodynamics.

Design of Reversible Quantum Vigenere Cryptographic Cipher in QCA and IBMQ Platforms for Secure Nanocommunication

Using cryptography correctly is crucial in the current situation to safeguard data and ensure data security during data transfer. In this digital era, messages must be appropriately encrypted and decoded to prevent data misuse and ensure its accessibility to the intended recipient. Conventional cryptography techniques mostly depend on the mathematical intricacy of the encoding functions and the shared key. One such encoding approach that we may take into consideration is the Vigenere cipher algorithm. In this study, we want to apply this strategy utilizing reversible logic with the assistance of two helpful tools, namely, IBM Quantum (IBMQ) and QCADesigner. The encoder and decoder circuits for the Vigenere cipher are therefore proposed in this work in QCADesigner by utilizing Peres and DG gates in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) that consist of a single layer with 42 cells for encryption and 47 cells for decryption. The proposed circuit outperforms the existing ones concerning area, cell count and latency. Given that the layouts’ energy consumption is assessed, it is guaranteed that the QCA nanodevice might serve as a stand-in platform for the creation of reversible circuits. The same simulation outcome was also obtained while building the identical circuits in a quantum presentation using IBMQ. The two applications are closely connected and both rely on quantum concepts. The outcomes are therefore verified for each of the two situations. The reversible Vigenere cipher technique enhances data security. Further sophisticated low-power nanoscale lossless nanocommunication architecture may be created with the help of the suggested circuits.

Quantum-based privacy-preserving techniques for secure and trustworthy internet of medical things an extensive analysis

The advent of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and quantum-based privacy-preserving techniques has ushered in a new era for securing communication channels within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems. We examine the fundamentals, uses, and ramifications of quantum cryptography in relation to healthcare data security in this thorough investigation. The journey commences with an in-depth overview of quantum cryptography, unraveling the concepts of superposition, entanglement, and quantum gates that form the bedrock of quantum computing. As we proceed, we investigate the uses of quantum cryptography, highlighting its contribution to resolving the particular issues brought about by the data-intensive and networked character of IoMT systems. The relevance of QKD in ensuring secure communication within IoMT is meticulously dissected, with case studies and experiments demonstrating the practicality and effectiveness of quantum-based privacy-preserving techniques. From telemedicine networks to wearable health devices, each case study offers valuable insights into the application of quantum-safe cryptography, showcasing its ability to fortify data integrity and confidentiality. A meticulous survey of existing research, coupled with an analysis of advancements in quantum cryptography, provides a panoramic view of the current landscape. From hardware limitations to distance constraints, the study navigates through challenges and breakthroughs, offering a roadmap for the future integration of quantum technologies into IoMT systems.Comparing quantum-based approaches with classical cryptography unveils a nuanced landscape of computational complexity, key distribution methodologies, and real-time encryption considerations. This comparative analysis serves as a guide for healthcare practitioners and technologists in making informed decisions regarding the adoption of quantum-based privacy-preserving techniques in IoMT environments. The case studies and experiments collectively paint a picture of the practicality and promise of quantum-based privacy-preserving techniques in IoMT scenarios. Anticipating future advancements, the exploration extends into quantum hardware improvements, standardization efforts, and the integration of quantum technologies with emerging trends like edge computing and blockchain. As the healthcare industry stands on the cusp of a quantum revolution, the comprehensive insights provided herein offer a foundation for understanding, implementing, and shaping the future of secure healthcare communication through the lens of quantum cryptography.

Atom-doped photon engine: Extracting mechanical work from a quantum system via radiation pressure.

The possibility of efficiently converting heat into work at the microscale has triggered an intense research effort to understand quantum heat engines, driven by the hope of quantum superiority over classical counterparts. In this work, we introduce a model featuring an atom-doped optical quantum cavity propelling a classical piston through radiation pressure. The model, based on the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics, demonstrates the generation of mechanical work through thermal energy injection. We establish the equivalence of the piston expansion work with Alicki's work definition, analytically for quasistatic transformations and numerically for finite-time protocols. We further employ the model to construct quantum Otto and Carnot engines, comparing their performance in terms of energetics, work output, efficiency, and power under various conditions. This model thus provides a platform to extract useful work from an open quantum system to generate net motion, and it sheds light on the quantum concepts of work and heat.