Amount Of Sugar Research Articles

Positive association between dietary total sugar intake and eosinophil counts in asthmatic children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study

s Background There is not enough data currently available to determine a correlation between eosinophil count and total sugar intake in the diet. Objective To clarify the relationship between eosinophil levels and overall sugar intake in the diet. Methods A cross-sectional study that involved 2013 people used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2020. The relationship between total sugar intake and eosinophil count was investigated using multiple linear regression models. The linear relationship between the two was tested using a restricted cubic spline. Stratified analysis further confirms the stability of the findings. Results With a mean age of 11.6 ± 4.8 years and 56.5% male participation, all 2013 eligible participants were included. Fully adjusted model indicated a positive correlation between total dietary sugar intake and eosinophil counts (β = 0.41; 95% CI:0.15 to 0.68; P = 0.002), as determined by multivariable linear regression adjusted for risk variables. A multiple regression model using three quartiles of the total amount of sugar consumed did not change the significance of this outcome. Moreover, by limiting the triple spline, a linear relationship (p = 0.089) was discovered between the overall amount of sugar consumed and the eosinophil count. Subgroup analysis revealed an identical pattern of connection (p values for all interactions were larger than 0.05). Conclusion In U.S. children and adolescents with asthma, total dietary sugar intake was positively correlated with eosinophil levels. The findings are significant.

Biochemical Characterization of Some Plum Cultivars Available on the Romanian Market

Four plum cultivars commonly grown in Romania, ‘Angeleno’, ‘Anna Späth’, ‘Silvia’ and ‘Stanley’, were analyzed with regard to several parameters, including water content, juice pH, phenolic compounds (total and some major classes), carotenoids, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars. Among the four studied cultivars, ‘Silvia’ ranked the highest in terms of total phenolic content (82,345 mg/kg DW), flavonoids (43,171 mg/kg) and anthocyanins (1991 mg/kg). Hydroxybenzoic acids were found to be an important phenolic component; up to 33,971 mg/kg was found in ‘Angeleno’. The hydroxycinnamic acid content was highest in ‘Stanley’, and stilbenes were most prevalent in ‘Anna Späth’. Tannins were found in significant amounts only in fruit peel and were only present in some of the cultivars. Carotenoids were mostly present in the epicarp, with the maximum amount identified in ‘Anna Späth’ (313 mg/kg). The main compounds were β-carotene (of which the highest amount was identified in ‘Silvia’), lutein (with the highest amount found in ‘Silvia’) and lycopene (with the highest amount detected in ‘Stanley’). ‘Silvia’ also contained the highest amounts of ascorbic acid (7895 mg/kg in pulp and 12,229 mg/kg in peel). The highest soluble sugar content was found in the pulp of ‘Stanley’ (142,120 mg/kg), while ‘Anna Späth’ contained the lowest amount of soluble sugar. ‘Stanley’ also had less acidic pulp juice. Among the four cultivars, ‘Silvia’ ranked the highest in most classes of bioactive compounds, including total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins (peel only), β-carotene, lutein and ascorbic acid.

The effect of the drug "Epin-extra" on increasing the resistance of Fragaria х ananassa Duch. varieties to spring frosts

Relevance. A crucial condition for maintaining the vital potential of plants is their ability to with-stand adverse environmental conditions. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the drug "Epin-extra" on strengthening the resistance of Fragaria х ananassa Duch. plants for spring frosts.Methods. The objects: strawberry garden Queen and Harvest CGL. With the onset of active growth in the spring period non-root treatments of strawberry plants with were carried out with a solution of the Epin-extra growth regulator containing 24-epibrassinolide. During budding phase, the plants were exposed to negative temperatures in a controlled environment chamber (-3oC) "Espec" PSL-2KPH (Japan). The functioning of the antioxidant defense system and the activity of lipid peroxidation processes in membranes lipids (POL) based on the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) were carried out in the leaves of strawberry varieties.Results. It was shown that the non-root treatment of strawberry varieties with the Epin-extra preparation contributed to a decrease in the processes of peroxidation of cell membranes. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 10,2% lower by the Tsaritsa variety, and the variety the Urozhainaya CGL by 30,1% compared to the control. The amount of the amino acid proline in the Tsaritsa variety was 13,6 % higher compained to the control, and in the Urozhainaya CGL variety by 12,4%. Treatment with Epin-extra contributed to an increase in the amount of sugars in the leaf tissue of both varieties.

The influence of biostimulations on the yield and quality of Brassica oleracea hybrids in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

Relevance. It is necessary to search for methods for obtaining environmentally friendly products and reducing the pesticide load on agrobiocenoses. Biostimulants can influence the increase in the yield of vegetable crops and improve their quality, which is confirmed by numerous studies. Stimulating effects depend on a combination of various biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of biostimulants on the yield and quality of Brassica Oleracea in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem zone on heavy loamy sod-podzolic soils.Methodology. A field experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation on sod-podzolic soil in 2019-2021. In an experiment with two hybrids of Brassica Oleracea: F1 Zarnitsa (mid-early) and F1 Mechta (late-ripening), biostimulants Agrofil and MBK-BIS were studied for soaking seeds, seedlings and foliar treatment. The control variants were without fertilizer (absolute control) and the N90P120K150 background.Results. The effect of mineral fertilizers on both hybrids was characterized by an increase in the weight of heads of cabbage by 11.7 and 23.5%, respectively. When treating seeds, the weight of heads of cabbage increased by 15-18% compared to the background. Additional treatment with stimulants for soaking seedlings in Agrofil and foliar treatment with the MBK-BIS preparation increased the weight of heads of cabbage in comparison with the background in the F1 Zarnitsa hybrid by 21.4 and 23.3%, F1 Mechta - by 21.4 and 25.4%. The contribution of biostimulants to the yield of the used cabbage hybrids is more pronounced in the late-ripening hybrid, which directly depends on the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The studied biostimulants contribute to an increase in the content of vitamin C, fiber, and the amount of sugars in cabbage heads.Conclusion. Biostimulants MBK-BIS and Agrofil are effective for increasing the yield and improving the biochemical composition of the studied Brassica oleracea hybrids in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.

The Recommendation of the Mediterranean-styled Japanese Diet for Healthy Longevity.

The Mediterranean diet, listed as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO, is known as healthy and consumed worldwide. The Japanese diet is also listed and considered healthy. This narrative review compares the Mediterranean diet with its Japanese counterpart. Research has reported that people in Mediterranean regions, such as Italy and Greece, have one-third of the mortality ratio from cardiovascular diseases compared to people in the United States and Northern Europe because of the difference in eating habits. Therefore, Mediterranean diets are considered as healthy. A typical Western diet containing high amounts of fat, sugar, and calories is responsible for several diseases like metabolic syndrome and obesity, which are induced by chronic inflammation. In contrast, Mediterranean and Japanese diets contain them only less. The similarity between Mediterranean and Japanese diets is the substantial intake of vegetables, beans, and fish. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet consumes large amounts of olive oil, especially polyphenol-rich extra virgin olive oil and dairy products, but meat consumption is relatively small. In contrast, the Japanese diet does not use oil and fat, contains abundant fermented foods, and consumes seaweed. Japan is known for its longevity, and people think that a well-balanced diet daily is good for preventing and curing illness. In this regard, finding non-disease conditions, so-called "ME-BYO," and curing them before the manifestation of diseases is becoming more common. In this review, we discuss the healthy eating habit, "The Mediterranean-styled Japanese diet," which prevents ME-BYO condition and reduces the risk of various diseases. The Mediterranean-styled Japanese diet, a hybrid of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, reduces the risk of various diseases by suppressing chronic inflammation. This nutritional intervention prevents ME-BYO and is beneficial for healthy longevity. Hence, a Mediterranean-styled Japanese diet might be helpful for healthy longevity in Japan and around the world.

Gums from different botanical sources: Physicochemical characterization seldom found in literature

Acidity, simple sugars, and minerals can impact gum properties, thus defining their applications. This study aimed to evaluate and compare rarely reported physicochemical properties of commercial gums from diverse botanical sources used as food additives. The gums studied, as they come from different plants, are believed to present differences in the characteristics evaluated. The content of minerals, simple sugars, pH, and titratable acidity was assessed in the arabic, locust bean, and guar gums. All gums contain trace amounts of simple sugars and minerals P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Titratable acidity results found in gums may indicate the presence of organic acids. This work concludes that the gums studied are formed by polysaccharides and form slightly acid solutions.

"The More, the Better?": The Impact of Sugar-to-Protein Molar Ratio in Freeze-Dried Monoclonal Antibody Formulations on Protein Stability.

Lyophilization is widely used to ensure the stability of protein drugs by minimizing chemical and physical degradation in the dry solid state. To this end, proteins are typically formulated with sugars that form an amorphous immobilizing matrix and stabilize hydrogen bonds replacing water molecules. The optimal amount of sugar required and protein stability at low excipient-to-protein molar ratios are not well understood. We investigated this by focusing on the physical stability of formulations, reflecting highly concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) lyophilizates at low sucrose to mAb ratios between 25:1 and 360:1. Additionally, the impact of different excipient types, buffer concentrations, and polysorbates was studied. The mAb stability was evaluated over up to three months at 25 and 40 °C. We investigated the "the more, the better" approach regarding excipient usage in protein formulation and the existence of a potential stabilizing threshold. Our findings show efficient monomeric content preservation even at low molar ratios, which could be explained based on the water replacement theory. We identified an exponential correlation between the sucrose to protein molar ratio and aggregate formation and found that there is no molar ratio threshold to achieve minimum stabilization. Sucrose demonstrated the best stabilization effect. Both mannitol, used as a cryoprotectant at low concentrations, and arginine reduced aggregation compared to the pure mAb formulation. The higher ionic strength of 5 mM histidine buffer enhanced protein stability compared to that of 0.1 mM histidine buffer, which was more pronounced at lower molar ratios. The addition of polysorbate 20 contributed an additional interfacial stabilizing effect, complementing the cryoprotective and lyoprotective properties of sucrose. Overall, a model could be developed to optimize the quantity of sugar required for protein stabilization and facilitate a more rational design of protein lyophilizates. The molar ratio of sugar to protein for high-concentration mAb products is limited by the acceptable tonicity, but we showed that sufficient stabilization can be achieved even at low molar ratios.

Nectar and pollen in Acer trees can contribute to improvement of food resources for pollinators

In the present study, we quantified floral resources (nectar and pollen production) and their quality (nectar sugar composition, pollen protein content, pollen amino acid composition) in five Acer species (f. Sapindaceae) growing in forests and commonly planted in urban areas in the temperate zone. Acer trees provide high amounts of sugars and/or pollen. No nectar was produced by A. negundo flowers. The other species produced nectar in functionally female flowers. The floral nectar was composed of sucrose, glucose, and fructose and was classified as hexose-rich or sucrose-rich. The pollen of all the Acer species contained essential amino acids. Acer trees should be planted for improvement of cost-effective food resources in various landscape types (agroforestry, urban areas), with the exception of A. negundo (an invasive species with no nectar available). However, maple trees alone are not sufficient to support pollinators, and other plant species flowering before and after Acer spp. should be planted to ensure a continued supply of food for pollinators.

EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS’ SENSORY ATTRIBUTES ON THEIR WILLINGNESS TO PAY AND THE OPTIMUM PRICE FOR ICED COFFEE DRINKS

The growing competition among coffee shops demands effective strategies, including the development of optimal pricing. An optimal pricing strategy must account for both changes in coffee ingredients and consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). This study investigated the factors influencing consumers' WTP and determined optimal prices through sensory evaluations of iced coffee. This study explored how demographic factors and sensory characteristics affect consumer WTP. This study involved direct consumer tastings, where participants provided subjective ratings of iced coffee and indicated their WTP. The coffee samples included variations in milk (white and black coffee) and sugar content (granulated sugar, palm sugar, and no sugar). To measure WTP, the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism was employed, while a demand function was used to determine the optimal price. Stepwise backward logistic regression further analyzed the factors affecting WTP. The factors influencing willingness to pay were further analyzed using stepwise backward logistic regression. The findings reveal that optimal pricing varies, with iced coffee that includes both granulated sugar and milk commanding the highest WTP. Consumer WTP is significantly influenced by factors such as gender, frequency of coffee consumption, and individual taste preferences. There was a marked difference in WTP based on the amount of milk and sugar added, with coffee variations containing both granulated sugar and milk achieving the highest WTP. These results can serve as a valuable reference for coffee shops, helping them to determine the ideal product composition and pricing strategies to maximize revenue.

Positive association between foliar silicon and extrafloral nectar in Vicia faba with application of methyl jasmonate

Plants have evolved direct and indirect defences against herbivores, which may come at a cost to other plant functions. Many plants can uptake and deposit large amounts of silicon within plant tissue, creating structures which can reduce herbivore performance. Silicon uptake can increase plant defenses against herbivores, but it has also been shown to trade-off with defensive phenolic compounds due to interference with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Additionally, plants can recruit predacious insects with extrafloral nectar (EFN), a sugar secretion not involved in pollination. It is currently unclear whether silicon uptake reduces other putative defences associated with the JA pathway, like EFN production. We used faba bean (Vicia faba) to identify potential trade-offs between silicon accumulation, phenolic content, and EFN production. We grew four genotypes of faba bean that varied in tannin content in control soil, or soil supplemented with silicon. After five weeks of growth, we exposed plants to either a buffer or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution to simulate an herbivory response. We measured EFN production at 24 and 48 hours after treatment, and harvested leaves to quantify silicon and phenolic content. We found silicon supplementation, but not MeJA treatment, increased foliar silicon concentration. Silicon supplementation did not affect foliar phenolic content or EFN sugar content. Silicon concentration (ppm) and MeJA treatment did not decrease foliar phenolic content or EFN sugar content. However, we found an interaction between silicon concentration (ppm) and MeJA treatment with EFN sugar content: across MeJA-treated plants, we detected a positive association between foliar silicon concentration and the amount of sugar (mg) in EFN. This study is the first to show MeJA can interact with leaf silicon concentration to alter EFN response, with the potential for cascading effects on other trophic levels.

Comparison of front-of-package nutrition labelling schemes in Costa Rica: a multi-arm parallel-group randomised controlled trial assessing objective understanding and purchase intention

Different front-of-package labelling (FOPL) schemes have been developed worldwide to encourage informed and healthier food purchase decisions. However, few studies have formally compared different schemes, particularly in the Latin American context. This study aimed to assess the effects of four different FOPL schemes on the objective understanding of the nutritional content and intention to purchase products. This single-blinded multi-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted using a face-to-face survey with adult shoppers, recruited at supermarkets in Costa Rica (n=1350). Participants randomly assigned to intervention groups saw 12 mock-up products presented at random and balanced orders featuring one FOPL scheme or none: black octagonal warning labels (OWL), Nutri-Score (NUS), traffic-light labelling (TFL), guideline daily amounts (GDA), or no FOPL scheme (control group). Similar number of participants were analysed in each group: OWL (n=264), NUS (n=279), TFL (n=263), GDA (n=273), and control (n=271). Compared to the control group, the odds for correctly identifying the least harmful option more often were three times higher in the OWL group (OR 3.08; 95% CI, 2.26-4.20), and 89%, 57% and 19% higher in the TFL (1.89; 95% CI, 1.40-2.56), the GDA (1.57; 95% CI, 1.16-2.21) and the NUS (1.19; 95% CI 0.89-1.60), respectively. OWL also was more efficacious in helping participants to correctly identify a product with excessive amounts of sugars, sodium, and/or saturated fats, as well as in encouraging the intention to purchase the least harmful or the intention to choose none of the options in the choice task. OWL performed best in helping shoppers to correctly identify when a product contained excessive amounts of nutrients to limit, to correctly identify the least harmful option, and to intend to purchase the least harmful option, more often.

Changes in SWEET-mediated sugar partitioning affect photosynthesis performance and plant response to drought.

Sugars, produced through photosynthesis, are at the core of all organic compounds synthesized and used for plant growth and their response to environmental changes. Their production, transport, and utilization are highly regulated and integrated throughout the plant life cycle. The maintenance of sugar partitioning between the different subcellular compartments and between cells is important in adjusting the photosynthesis performance and response to abiotic constraints. We investigated the consequences of the disruption of four genes coding for SWEET sugar transporters in Arabidopsis (SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17) on plant photosynthesis and the response to drought. Our results show that mutations in both SWEET11 and SWEET12 genes lead to an increase of cytosolic sugars in mesophyll cells and phloem parenchyma cells, which impacts several photosynthesis-related parameters. Further, our results suggest that in the swt11swt12 double mutant, the sucrose-induced feedback mechanism on stomatal closure is poorly efficient. On the other hand, changes in fructose partitioning in mesophyll and vascular cells, measured in the swt16swt17 double mutant, positively impact gas exchanges, probably through an increased starch synthesis together with higher vacuolar sugar storage. Finally, we propose that the impaired sugar partitioning, rather than the total amount of sugars observed in the quadruple mutant, is responsible for the enhanced sensitivity upon drought. This work highlights the importance of considering SWEET-mediated sugar partitioning rather than global sugar content in photosynthesis performance and plant response to drought. Such knowledge will pave the way to design new strategies to maintain plant productivity in a challenging environment.

A review of the sugar content in children’s foods across major UK supermarkets, cookbooks, and online resources: progress and challenges in the UK’s sugar reduction efforts

Responding to rising concerns about obesity and health issues among children, the UKGovernment has advised manufacturers to reduce the added sugar content in key product ranges that have been identified to be the major sources of sugar in children’s diets: baked products (cakes, cereal bars, biscuits, pastries), yoghurt, chocolate, and sweet spreads(1). Soft drinks were excluded in this review due to significant progress in this area(2). This study aimed to review the total sugar content in these key food products, in major supermarkets, popular children’s cookbooks, and website resources used by parents of children aged 6 months–5 years in the UK.This cross-sectional market analysis study was conducted between January 2023 and March 2024.1.Reviewed the total sugar content in these key product ranges from five major UK supermarketsand compared these findings with data from previous research(3).2.Analysed the same products from a website resource and 10 children’s cookbooks, eithermentioned by previously interviewed parents6 or UK bestsellers on Amazon7, as cooking is important in combating obesity but relies on ensuring popular recipes fit within healthy eating guidelines(4).Supermarket product total sugar content was determined by back-of-pack labelling(3). Nutritics software was utilised for total sugar analysis of the selected recipes(5).A total of 440 products were analysed from the supermarkets, 115 recipes from children’s cookbooks and 50 recipes from the BBC Good Food site. Supermarket chocolate and cake products contained the most total sugar per 100g ranging from 14-68g/100g (mean 51.79 ± 10.06g/100g) for chocolate and 27-71g/100g (mean 37.41 ± 8.50/100g) for cake. Yoghurt contained the lowest amounts of sugar (1.9-19g/100g mean 9.11 ± 3.88g/100g). Cereal bars, often believed to be healthy were found to be medium to high in sugar 7.3-45g/100g (mean 25.99 ± 7.28g/100g).These preliminary findings indicate a slight reduction in the average total sugar content of the reviewed supermarket products compared to 2016 levels3. However, a significant proportion of supermarket products (57.5%) and recipes still exceed the government’s high sugar threshold of 22.5g/100g1. More than 85% of cakes in children’s cookbooks and 60% of cakes on BBC Good Food website have high sugar. Overall products and recipes classified as low in sugar (5g or less per 100g) remain limited, with the majority out of the 605 combined products and recipes, 55%, contained high sugar, 38% medium sugar and 7% low sugar content.Many key food products and recipes intended for children remain high in sugar, highlighting a need for further reformulation/healthier recipe modifications. The persistence of high sugar content in children’s diets highlights the complexity of addressing UK childhood obesity levels.

Evaluation of beverage consumption patterns and oral health in Korean adolescents and young adults

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the beverage consumption patterns and analyze the relationship between the frequency of beverage consumption and oral health in Korean adolescents and young adults who consumed large amounts of sugar from beverages. Methods: Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021) were analyzed, and 2,787 individuals aged 12-29 years were selected as the study subjects. A complex sample general linear model was used to assess the associations of subject general characteristics and oral health with the frequency of beverage consumption. Results: Both adolescents and young adults frequently consumed carbonated beverages 2.04 and 2.12 times per week, respectively. The most commonly consumed volume per drink was 200 cc. In both groups, the lower the average number of times teeth were brushed daily, the higher was the frequency of fizzy drink consumption. When teeth were brushed less than once daily, the frequency of carbonated drink consumption was 2.63 in adolescents and 2.22 in young adults. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for oral health education of adolescents and young adults on diet and beverage intake. Additionally, information should be provided on oral diseases associated with beverage consumption, such as dental caries and erosion.

Effect of Low Glycemic Index Diet on Type 2 Diabetes

The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is seriously affecting the quality of life of individuals worldwide. Patients with T2D need to take medication to control blood sugar level for a lifetime, but the problem of poor medication compliance has always troubled clinical workers, and the role of diet improvement as a treatment of diabetes “five carriages” is particularly important. In recent years, the importance of food glycemic index (GI) has been extensively studied, and an increasing number of studies advise using low-GI foods as the main source of carbohydrates rather than high-GI foods. In addition to improving a person’s quality of life on a daily basis, a low-GI diet can help prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and lower the risk of its consequences, through controlling the amount of blood sugar and blood lipids. However, there are still some limitations about low GI diet, for example the complex calculating process results in a small number of clinical uses. Through a review of the literature, analysis of experimental data, and expansion of the research on the benefits of a low-GI diet in reducing T2D problems, this report validates the use of a low-GI diet.

Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages in China: By volume or sugar content? A consumer welfare approach

Using scanner data on the consumption of packaged liquid beverages by Chinese urban households, we estimated the price elasticity of various beverages and compared the effects of volume-based versus sugar-content-based taxation strategies on consumer welfare. Compared to the volume-based tax, the sugar-content-based beverage tax was predicted to cost less in compensating variation under the same amount of sugar reduced, indicating that taxation based on sugar content may be more efficient in preserving consumer welfare. Further comparison across different socioeconomic groups reveals that, given current beverage consumption status in China, the efficiency advantage of the sugar-content-based taxation strategy is more pronounced than that of the volume-based taxation. Our conclusions can provide insights for the food industry and the government to reduce the sugar content in beverages.

An innovative technology for producing agricultural Jiaosu from fruit waste without additional sugar and water: Fermentation characteristics, microbial community, and its impact on the growth of pakchoi

Landfilling or incineration of fruit waste causes serious environmental problems and economic losses. Agricultural Jiaosu (AJ) can convert fruit waste into agricultural inputs. However, traditional AJ preparation requires large amounts of brown sugar and water, restricting its large-scale application. In this study, five types of single fruit waste and one type of mixed fruit waste were used to produce AJ without additional of sugar and water. The physicochemical properties and microbial community dynamics of AJ fermentation were analyzed, and the effects and potential mechanism of AJ in promoting pakchoi growth were evaluated. The results showed that during the digestion process, the pH value of all AJ gradually decreased to below 3.6. Organic acids were the main metabolites, lactic acid and acetic acid accounted for 46.55 %–99.22 % of all organic acids. As fermentation progressed, Firmicutes gradually replaced Proteobacteria as the most dominant phylum, accounting for 54.1 %–99.41 % of the microbial communities. After 90 days, Lactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus were the dominant genera in all AJ, accounting for 44.49 %–92.54 % of the communities. Structural equation modeling revealed that AJ promoted plant growth through organic acids and bacterial community. This study is the first time to propose the concept of producing AJ from fruit waste without additional sugar and water and reveals the fermentation characteristics and microbial dynamics of AJ, as well as its potential mechanism as a biological inoculant in promoting plant growth. This study provides a new approach for the large-scale utilization of fruit waste to produce green agricultural inputs.Abbreviations: AJ, agricultural Jiaosu; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ASVs, amplicon sequence variants; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; LDA, linear discriminant analysis; LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size; PCoA, Principal coordinates analysis; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RDA, redundancy analysis; rRNA, ribosomal RNA; SEM, structural equation modeling.

Influence of dispersion of a new type whole crystals seed on crystallization process and sugar quality

The aim of the work was to study effectiveness of the influence of a new type crystal seed with different microcrystals dispersion on the process of sucrose crystallization and sugar quality. The dispersion of microcrystals of the crystal-forming agent with whole crystals was determined and curves of their differential distribution were presented, which showed the average particle sizes of the “Ester K 01” are 18.2 μm and 46.4 μm. The morphological characteristics were determined of particles of the whole crystals seed and the seed slurry produced at a sugar factory. The duration of massecuite boiling was investigated and a comparative characterization of the quality indicators of the resulting massecuite, mother liquor, and sugar was given depending on the use of the whole crystals seed with different dispersion of microcrystals in comparison with the factory slurry. Microphotographs of sugar crystals in the massecuite were obtained with their size recorded 5, 10 and 20 min after the input of various seeds. The morphology of sugar crystals was studied in the finished massecuite. A comparison is given of the granulometric composition of sugar crystals obtained with crystal-forming agents with different dispersion. It was found based on the results of the study that when using the “Ester K 01” (46.4 μm) in thick juice with high turbidity the corresponding crystals are formed faster in the total amount of the massecuite. It was also found that there is a kind of blocking of the process of adjacent growth of crystals from the particles of impurities of thick juice with high turbidity. This contributes to the formation of more uniform, homogeneous crystals of the correct shape. The results are presented in the article of tests of the whole crystal seed “Ester K 01” (18.2 μm) and “Ester K 01” (46.4 μm) at sugar factories using the method of working on the seed magma and the method of shock crystallization respectively. The dependences were obtained of the average linear size, the amount of sugar of the 0.65 mm fraction, the coefficient of variation and the coefficient of uniformity of sugar crystals on the consumption of the whole crystals seed “Ester K 01” (crystal size 46.4 μm). The regression equation was developed in natural form for the process of sucrose shock crystallization. It was established the rational consumption of the crystal-forming agent “Ester K 01” (crystal size 46.4 μm), which ensures the effective crystallization of sucrose for the process of crystallization by the shock induced method.

Biochemical characteristics of some varieties of peach and nectarine grown in Sochi

Biochemical characteristics and features of the most promising varieties of stone fruit crops (peach, nectarine) submitted for research have been shown. Biochemical analyzes of peach and nectarine fruits grown in the humid subtropics of Russia were carried out in 2019-2020 at the Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Laboratory of Plant physiology and Biochemistry. The following varieties were used for biochemical analyzes: Rannyaya zarya, Larisa (control one), Osenniy rymyanets, Anton Chekhov, Big Top, Nectarine Sklor. The content of biologically valuable substances in stone fruits, which determine not only their taste characteristics, but also their nutritional and therapeutic and prophylactic effects, is a criterion for high commercial quality of products. That is why we are faced with the task of assessing the chemical composition of peaches and nectarines, which directly depends on weather and climate conditions, varietal characteristics, place of growth, etc. It is known that the pulp of peaches and nectarines contains a large amount of sugars, organic acids (mainly malic), vitamins, enzymes, macro- and microelements. In assessing the taste qualities of peaches and nectarines, the content of sugars, acids and vitamin C (or ascorbic acid), which acts as an antioxidant, is of great importance. Biochemical analysis of peach and nectarine fruits revealed the maximum sugar content - 10.16% in the Larisa variety (control one) of mid-late ripening period, the minimum in the Rannyaya Zarya variety of early ripening period, which is significantly lower by 1.3 times compared to the control one. High vitamin C content in the Larisa variety fruits was noted - up to 16.56 mg%, which is significantly higher than other studied varieties by 2.60-5.19 mg%. Promising varieties Larisa and Anton Chekhov were distinguished by a balanced taste of fruits and resistance to abiotic factors of the environment of the Black Sea coast of Russia.

Lignocellulose Treatment Using a Flow-Through Variant of OrganoCat Process.

This study adapts the biphasic OrganoCat system into a flow-through (FT) reactor, using a heated tubular setup where a mixture of oxalic acid and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) is pumped through beech wood biomass. This method minimizes solvent-biomass contact time, facilitating rapid product removal and reducing the risk of secondary reactions. A comparative analysis with traditional batch processes reveals that the FT system, especially under severe conditions, significantly enhances extraction efficiency, yielding higher amounts of lignin and sugars with reduced solid residue. Notably, the FT system shows partial hydrolysis of the cellulose, which increases with temperature while not producing significant amounts of furfural or 5-HMF, indicating more efficient depolymerization of polysaccharides without substantial sugar degradation. A statistical design of experiments (DOE) using a Box-Behnken design elucidates the influence of process variables (time, solvent flow rate, temperature) on the yield. Key findings highlight reactor temperature as the dominant factor affecting yields, with process time showing a significant but less pronounced impact. This study demonstrates the potential of the FT OrganoCat system for efficient lignocellulosic biomass fractionation and represents an advancement towards continuous lignocellulose processing, contributing to our knowledge of process optimization for improved biorefinery applications.