Quantity Of Beans Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN SEEDS WITH AGROMINERALS ON THE MAIN ECONOMIC AND USEFUL INDICATORS OF THE CROP

In crop production, the usage of various microelements for seed treatment is of great importance, which have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants. This article presents the results of the effect of presowing treatment of soybean seeds with agrominerals based on tagan bentonite and fungicidal biostimulants. The agrominerals consist of complexes of succinic acid and ethylenediamine succinic acid with silver or copper ions in combination with a film-forming substance, as a starch, to increase economically useful qualities of the crop. Various effects of agrominerals were revealed, on the growing season of soybean, such as development, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, quantity of beans on plants, protein and fat content in seeds. It has been established that pre-sowing treatment with separate complexes ofSA-Сu, SA-Ag, and Starch-SA-Cu leads to a reduction in the vegetation period by 5-8 days. However, agromineral based onTgn-EDSA-Ag-Starch and Tgn-EDSA-Cu- Starchon the contrary, increases the duration of the vegetation period by 4-7 days. The yield increases of (Nur+) 3.1-3.5 centner/hectar (cwt/ha) and (Progress) 3.0-4.1 cwt/ha in comparison with the control.Also, the influence of agrominerals on the weight of 1000 seeds, the number of beans on plants, the content of protein and fat in seeds were noted.

Fertilizer Application Rates Effect on the Structural Elements of Glycine max in the Conditions of the Samukh District (Azerbaijan)

The effect of sowing period, growing scheme and fertilizer norms on structure elements and Glycine max yield of on irrigated grey-brown (chestnut) soils of Samukh district is presented in this article. It’s defined, that when conduction sowing of soy-been on April 10-15 the quantity of beans and grains from a plant, the mass of grain from a plant and thousand seed weight and yield of grain was much more in comparison with early and late sowing at 45×10 cm growing scheme and at 10 t/ha + N60P90K60 fertilizer application rates in comparison with the variant without fertilizer.

The role of smallholder bean farmers in determining farm gate prices for beans in Uganda

BackgroundLike for other agricultural commodities, the bean value chain involves a series of actors including; farmers as producers, middlemen, retailers, wholesalers and exporters. The study explains the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) marketing constraints faced by smallholder bean farmers and other actors in the bean value market chain that need redress for efficient and effective bean marketing in Uganda. Specifically, the effect of farmer bean production and marketing modes, and limited knowledge about bean market requirements on the final prices received for their beans and their limited ability to demand better prices is explained by the study. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 127 farmers (in strata of trained and non-trained farmers), 34 traders, five input dealers and 40 consumers, using semi structured questionnaires, and interview guides. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS and content analysis, respectively.ResultsTrained farmers produced more beans in the two seasons though the mean difference was not statistically significant from the non-trained farmers. Farmers determine the quantity of beans sold and not the prices. Both trained and non-trained farmers consider the price offered by traders through consultations. Most farmers individually sold their beans with little role in determining prices. Farmers formed groups to better access inputs and improve their bargaining power. Variety, price and quality influenced consumer purchase decisions. NABE 15 K132, NABE4, Yellow and white beans were preferred varieties. Trained farmers sold beans at a higher price of USD 0.505 per kilo gram, while non-trained farmers sold at USD 0.369 per kilo gram. The records kept by majority of the farmers pertain either to dates particular activities were executed or when they received visitors, and could neither be used in determining the bean prices nor costing production.ConclusionsThe constraints faced by the different bean actors provide a basis for developing bean marketing models. Addressing smallholders’ marketing challenges will increase their incomes and boost production. Increase in income through increased prices for farmers will improve farmer living standards as they will be able to meet basic needs. The quantity increase in production will partly address the food insecurity problems through direct consumption and selling the excess to buy other desired foods.

Biological complexes bases upon bacterium Pseudomonas fluorenscens and matters of stimulating nature, and their impact on plant growth and development

Goal. The analysis of biocomplex combinations with stimulating nature preparations and different derivative ammonium salts of dihidropirimidine and their efficience study.
 Methods. The bacterium strain АР-33 Pseudomonas fluorenscens was the researches subject.The biotechnological methods of researches used during the work.The concentration of viable CFU/cm3 determined as per Koch’s method. The preparation efficiency determined at different rate against fungi diseases. The records conducted as generally approved techniques with experimental methods in phytopathology and plant protection.
 Results.The derivatives of ammonium salts of dihydropirymidine did not show toxic action on concentration decrease of viable cells of bacterium strain АР- 33 Pseudomonas fluorescens. The best weight indexes 100 seeds and quantity of beans forming in soybean showed the combination Planrise — 5 l/ha + 0.1% Xymedon + 0.2% succinic acid solution + 2 ml DMAE + 2 ml DMSO. All biocomplexes combinations showed preparations efficiency against diseases in the scope 59.31—69.63%. The yield increase recorded in 1.15—1.7 times in comparison with control by the results of biocomplexes usage with their fungicide, immunoprotective and stimulating action. The combination Planrise Strain bacterium АР-33 Pseudomonas fluorescens, 3 × 109 CFU/ cm3), 5 l/ha + 0.1% xymedon solution + 0.2% succinic acid solution + 2 ml DMAE + 2 ml DMSO. It was consisted of 3.4 t/ha. The preparation’s efficiency against late blight consisted of 79.1%.
 Conclusion. All biocomplexes’ combinations usage showed the preparations’ efficiency against diseases in scope 67.3—88.1%. The additional matters DMAE and DMSO (they have influence on transmembrane functions) usage allows to increase preparations efficiency on 8—25% in comparison with combinations without their usage.

Modification and Construction of Solar Cooker Using Parabolic Reflector

Energy is essential to economic and social development and improved quality of life of human being. A parabolic solar cooker was modified, fabricated and evaluated as a simple device to harness direct sun rays for cooking purposes. This device was constructed on a steel dish which was completely lined with aluminium foil. This reflecting surface was used to concentrate the rays of the sun at a focus which led to production of high temperature for cooking purposes. A cooking pot stand was erected and positioned near the focus. The equipment was tested for temperature (energy concentration) achieved at the bottom of the cooking pot, and by cooking with it. The energy concentration efficiency of the cooker was found to be 53.41%. The average temperature achieved by this cooker during the time of testing was 107.38°C (380.53K) it was also used to cook beans and groundnuts in comparison to other alternatives such as kerosene stove and firewood. It took one hour to cook beans and 18 mins to boil groundnut. On the other hand, it took 33 mins and 40 mins to cook the same quantity of beans using kerosene stove and firewood, respectively while it took 10 mins and 17 mins to cook groundnuts using kerosene stove and firewood, respectively.

Мінливість елементів продуктивності у рослин сої гібридів F1, F2

The purpose. To study new genofund of soya variants, to create initial material as to attributes of plasticity and stability of main phases of growth, efficiency, to allocate genotypes and hybrid combinations for further use in selection as genetic sources with economic valuable attributes. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Studying variability of basic elements of efficiency of F1 plants, has shown that in the first generation is formed both positive and negative heterosis which in a greater degree depends on genetic properties of parental pairs at hybridization. Variation of degree of heterosis was very great — from 1,8% in a combination of crossing Medeya/Omega Vinnitskaya up to 327,8% in a combination Medeya/Kniazhna. The degree of domination by quantity of beans on one plant was positive with variation from 1,5 units (Medeya/Omega Vinnitskaya) up to 21 (Medeya/Kniazhna). By quantity of seeds from a plant in 8 combinations of crossing positive superdomination — from 1,83 units (Lambert/Smuglianka) up to 13,73 (Medeya/Kniazhna) is noted. On weight of seeds from a plant 7 combinations of crossing with positive superdomination — from 2,34 (Lambert/Smuglianka) up to 50,41 (Omega/Vinnitskaya/Medeya). As to total percent of heterosis degree and frequency of manifestation of a complex of attributes, the following combinations of crossing were better: Medeya/Kniazhna — height of plants 50%, height of attachment of the bottom bean — 78,6, quantity of beans — 42,8, quantity of seeds — 50%, weight of seeds — 50%; Omega Vinnitskaya/Medeya — 47,4%; 57,9; 68,4; 73,7; 84,2% accordingly. Conclusions. By the level of heterosis manifestation and frequency of transgression of basic elements of efficiency — quantity of beans and seeds on a plant and weight of seeds — they lead selections in F2 of phenotypes for crop in nursery of hybrids of the third generation.

Influence of productive resources on bean production in male- and female-headed households in selected bean corridors of Kenya

BackgroundGender-related constraints reflect gender inequalities in access to resources and development opportunities. Access to productive assets is a major issue in the gender empowerment discourse. Despite the significant roles women play in agriculture and food security in many developing countries, they continue to have a poorer command over a range of productive resources, including education, land, information and financial resources compared to their men counterparts. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of access and control of productive resources on bean production.ResultsData collected from 412 households in the major bean corridors of Kenya (Homa Bay, Machakos, Bomet and Narok counties) were used to explain the importance of access to productive resources and income use in determining the quantity of beans produced by households. We found that the sex of the respondent was significantly correlated with bean production, with female-headed households producing less beans than the male-headed ones (p = 0.0.08). With regard to access and control of productive resources, households with more agricultural incomes and those who put a larger proportion of their land to agriculture produced more beans (p = 0.008; p = 0.000, respectively). Access and use of fertilized and hired labour was also highly significant. When assessing decision making on the use of income from bean sales was considered, households where the female spouse made decisions produced less beans compared to those that had the male household head being the main decision maker (p = 0.011).ConclusionsWe concluded that access and control of productive assets are important in determining the quantity of beans produced at household level. There is a need therefore to come up with interventions which will benefit all the households but are targeted to the needs of the male- and female-headed households.

The effect of climbing bean adoption on the welfare of smallholder common bean growers in Rwanda

This paper assessed the effect of climbing bean adoption on the welfare of the bean growers in Rwanda, using four indicators: per capita consumption expenditure, poverty head count, quantity of bean consumed per person and food security. The analysis was based on cross sectional data from a nationally representative survey of bean growers, conducted in 2011. Instrumental variables and control function approaches were used to address the endogeneity of climbing bean adoption decisions in household welfare outcomes. Results demonstrated that investments in climbing bean research and dissemination efforts contributed significantly to improve household welfare. One additional kilogram of climbing bean seed planted raises per capita consumption expenditure by 0.9% and that of bean consumption by 2.8%, and increases the probability that a household is food secure by 0.6% while decreasing the likelihood of being poor by 0.6%. These findings highlight the important role climbing bean adoption can play in reducing food insecurity and poverty in land constrained areas.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Market Participation of Smallholder Bean Farmers in Nyanza District of Southern Province, Rwanda

Rwanda remains trading very low volume of beans inside the country and across borders thereby becoming unable to meet national and international demands. This is exacerbated by low market participation of bean growers. This study assessed factors that influence market participation and extent of participation among bean growers in Nyanza district. Probit model was used to analyze the factors influencing market participation among bean growers while the extent of market participation was analyzed using Tobit model. The probit results indicated that factors that positively and significantly influenced the probability of farmers to participate in output market were bean quantity produced, market experience, and access to credit while factors that negatively and significantly influenced market participation decisions included distance to nearest market, age and access to off-farm activities. Tobit results revealed that factors that were found to have positive statistical significant impact on the extent of market participation were bean quantity produced, marketing experience and selling price. Contrary to earlier expectation, land size was found to have negative significant impact on the quantity of bean marketed. This is possibly an indication that the increased household’s participation in output market is a function of farm productivity too.

Анализ зависимости урожайности образцов фасоли овощной от структурных элементов продуктивности

88 samples of vegetable haricot are studied on the main economic and valuable signs and their influence on productivity of seeds is defined in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Research was conducted in 2013-2015. A high correlation dependence is noted between productivity and quantity of beans (r=0.8±0.04) and mass of seeds from one plant (r=0.8±0.04). The average coefficient of correlation is recorded between productivity and the interphase periods of “seedling – blossoming” (r=0.6±0.09), “blossoming – maturing” (r=0.6±0.09), seeds quantity in a bean (r=0,5±0,09), height of a plant (r=0.4±0.08), length of a bean (r=0.3±0.07), an attachment of the lower bean (r=0.3±0.07) and distance from a bean tip to the soil (r=0.4±0.08). Influence of mass of 1000 seeds on productivity isn’t revealed (r=0.1±0.05).

Extraction of vanillin from vanilla pods: A comparison study of conventional soxhlet and ultrasound assisted extraction

This study deals with extraction of vanillin from cured vanilla pods using conventional soxhlet extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction. Effect of various extraction parameters such as type of the solvent (6 different solvents viz. ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, chloroform and hexane), quantity of beans (1–3 g), operating temperature (in the range 90–100 °C) for soxhlet extraction and pre-leaching time (in the range of 30–90 min) for ultrasound assisted extraction, on the extent of extracted vanillin has been investigated in this work. It has been conclusively established that the use of polar solvents resulted in maximum extent of extraction for both the types of extraction operations. For soxhlet extraction, an increase in operating temperature from 90 °C to 100 °C was found to increase extent of extraction by 30% whereas for ultrasound assisted extraction, pre-leaching stage for 30 min duration was found to be beneficial in enhancing the extent of extraction by about 20%. The use of ultrasonic irradiation resulted in intensification of the extraction operation of vanillin significantly as confirmed from the results that in soxhlet extraction, an operating temperature of 95 °C and solvent to solute proportion of 66.67 ml/g (most commonly used conditions) resulted in release of around 180 ppm in 8 h whereas ultrasonic assisted extraction required only 1 h for release of around 140 ppm vanillin concentration at similar proportions of solvent to solute and under ambient operating temperature.

Moth Pests in Cocoa and Confectionery

1. The chief pests of cocoa and chocolate are the Pyralid moths, Ephestia elutella (cocoa moth), E. kühniella (Mediterranean flour moth), E. cautella (fig moth), and Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth).2. Beans are infested before arrival at the factory, this infestation commencing on the plantation and increasing during the various stages of transit to the factory. The docks, in particular, may be the most important source of infestation owing to the fact that there fresh consignments may be brought into direct contact with much older consignments already heavily infested.3. The steps recommended for factory use are:—(a) General cleanliness in all parts of the factory, avoidance of dead spaces which offer opportunities for breeding and pupation, removal of all waste material, constant sweeping, frequent whitewashing and distempering, etc.(b) Heat treatment of beans on arrival at the factory and subsequent storage where they will not be liable to re-infestation. The heat treatment to consist of subjection to a temperature of 60° C.–65° C. for a time dependent on quantity of beans.(c) The use of traps in the factory in order to keep down the numbers of stray moths. Such traps may consist of vinegar and syrup.(d) The protection of all finished goods by means of fine-mesh materials so far as possible.4. No insect life survives either roasting or any stage of manufacture in which the chocolate is in a molten condition.5. Although parasites exist which prey on the larvae of these moths, it is not considered that extermination by means of them would be practicable.6. Fumigation of warehouses, especially at the docks, is under consideration by the Empire Marketing Board, and any recommendation they may make will probably be applicable to factories. At the present stage, however, it is premature to make suggestions.