Quantitative Study Research Articles

Quantitative study on fatigue characteristics of warm mix recycled asphalt

The warm mix recycling technology of asphalt pavement can improve the utilization rate of solid waste in highway construction industry on a large scale, and reduce the emission of harmful gases ( NOX, CO2, benzopyrene, etc.) in the process of road construction. It is one of the effective ways to realize carbon neutrality in highway construction industry. The main purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the fatigue characteristics of warm mix recycled asphalt (WMRA) from the perspective of quantitative research, and to provide scientific basis for the popularization and application of this technology. Therefore, this study mainly evaluated the anti-fatigue characteristics of WMRA under different conditions based on the linear amplitude sweeping test ( LAS test). Based on the calculation and analysis of the commonly used fatigue judgment indexes ( stress-strain curve, phase angle-strain curve, S×N curve ( S is the ratio of the instantaneous modulus to the initial modulus of the material, which is often replaced by the virtual modulus in the LAS test, and N is the number of cyclic loadings.), virtual strain storage energy-strain curve), the peak strain of virtual strain storage energy is recommended as the fatigue judgment standard from the perspective of reliability and accuracy, and the peak strain of damage factor is proposed as one of the new fatigue judgment standards. In this paper, the nucleation of microcracks and the coalescence of microcracks are distinguished in the process of fatigue damage evolution, and the peak strain of virtual strain energy storage and the peak strain of damage factor are used as the judging indexes respectively. Finally, based on the theory of continuum damage mechanics, the loss modulus of WMRA is selected as the representative value of material properties to calculate the virtual modulus and damage factor, and the fatigue damage evolution model of WMRA based on the viscoelastic continuum damage model ( VECD model) was constructed. Based on this model, the anti-fatigue characteristics of WMRA with the reclaimed asphalt pavement ( RAP) content were analyzed.

The impact of bullying and cyberbullying on mental health: a systematic review

Bullying, including cyberbullying, has a devastating impact on mental health, particularly among adolescents. This literature study aims to identify mental health issues caused by bullying and cyberbullying. A systematic review was conducted in the last five years using the keywords "bullying, cyberbullying, mental health, adolescent" and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) framework within Scopus (29 articles), ProQuest (187 articles), Science Direct (193 articles), and SAGE (58 articles) published databases in the last five years using the keywords of “bullying, cyberbullying, mental health, adolescent”. The selected articles are those applying quantitative and longitudinal studies published in 2018-2022 in which study participants were adolescents who had experiences as victims of bullying and cyberbullying. The 25 articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Based on the results of the review of the article, it was found that mental health problems can occur in all roles in bullying and cyberbullying, but the highest is in the role of victim. Mental health problems that occur in victims include anxiety, stress, depression, low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Based on these results, different interventions are needed for the roles involved in bullying and cyberbullying, especially for victims, because psychological problems are more common in victims.

Proteomics analysis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease with different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome types before and after percutaneous coronary intervention.

To investigate the underlying protein molecular mechanisms of "Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome" (QS) and "Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome" (QD), as two subtypes of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this study, a total of 227 CAD patients with QS and 211 CAD patients with QD were enrolled; all participants underwent PCI. Label-free quantification proteomics were employed to analyze the changes in serum in two subtypes of CAD patients before and 6 months after PCI, aiming to elucidate the intervention mechanism of PCI in treating CAD characterized by two different TCM syndromes. Biochemical analysis revealed significant changes in tumor necrosis factor-α, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood stasis clinical symptoms observation, and Gensini levels in both patient groups post-PCI; Proteomic analysis identified 79 and 95 differentially expressed proteins in the QS and QD patient groups, respectively, compared to their control groups. complement C8 alpha chain, complement factor H, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein B, plasminogen, carbonic anhydrase 2, and complement factor I were altered in both comparison groups. Furthermore, enrichment analysis demonstrated that cell adhesion and connectivity-related processes underwent changes in QS patients post-PCI, whereas lipid metabolism-related pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, underwent changes in the QD group. The protein-protein interaction network analysis further enriched 52 node proteins, including apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), complement C5, apolipoprotein A4, complement C8 alpha chain, complement C8 beta chain, complement C8 gamma chain, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, albumin, complement C4-B, apolipoprotein C3, among others. The functional network of these proteins is posited to contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD characterized by TCM syndromes. The current quantitative proteomic study has preliminarily identified biomarkers of CAD in different TCM subtypes treated with PCI, potentially laying the groundwork for understanding the protein profiles associated with the treatment of various TCM subtypes of CAD.

Seeking higher order construction of cognitive abilities in a psychosocial learning environment

<span lang="EN-US">In this study, we created a psychosocial learning environment consisting of five types of interaction, namely: student collaboration; specific learning objectives and curriculum coherence; learning facilities; independent learning; and constructivist instruction. This research aimed to determine the scope in which the five modes of contact improved students’ learning outcomes in higher order cognitive abilities. This quantitative study involved form four accounting students (N=352) in Malaysia who completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the higher order cognitive abilities (HOCA) test, the instruments of students’ perceived learning environment, and zone-specific demographic data. The results showed two of the five inventory of students’ perceived learning environment (ISPLE) scores. Specific learning objectives and curriculum coherence, were the most significant predictors and strongly correlated with higher order cognitive abilities. Even the components of the psychosocial learning environment impact HOCA in most subjects. However, researchers have obtained new findings that explain other factors that need to be studied to evaluate or encourage HOCA in accounting subjects. Thus, the researcher suggests further research using self-learning methods through modules to assess and promote HOCA in accounting</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span>

Appearance Anxiety and Loneliness among Young Adults

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the connection between young adults' feelings of loneliness and appearance anxiety . It also examines whether there is a gender difference in males and females when it comes to appearance anxiety and feeling of loneliness. However, there is an evident lack of relevant data in the Indian context. This is a quantitative study administered in 150 participants. Convenient sampling method was used to collect data. The participants for the current study were 72 males and 78 females of age between 18 to 25. Appearance anxiety was measured using the 10 item scale, the appearance anxiety inventory. Loneliness was measured using UCLA loneliness scale which has 20 items. The findings indicated a connection between young individuals' feelings of loneliness and appearance anxiety. Additionally, it demonstrates that there is no gender difference in loneliness and appearance anxiety in men and women.

Relationship between Assertiveness and Self-Esteem among Young Indian Adults

Abstract: This quantitative study explores the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem among young Indian adults aged 20 to 30 years. The research design employs a correlation approach to examine the statistical association between assertiveness and self-esteem without manipulating variables. The study aims to answer key questions regarding gender differences in assertiveness and self-esteem, the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem, and the impact of self-esteem on assertiveness. Data from 131 participants (61 males, 70 females) from Assam and Karnataka were collected using Google Forms and social media advertising. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to measure assertiveness and self-esteem, respectively. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results indicate no significant difference in assertiveness and self-esteem between males and females. However, a significant negative correlation was found between assertiveness and self-esteem, suggesting that as assertiveness increases, self-esteem tends to decrease, and vice versa. Regression analysis further confirms that self-esteem significantly impacts assertiveness among young adults, with approximately 8.9% of the variability in assertiveness scores explained by differences in self-esteem. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of assertiveness and selfesteem among young Indian adults, highlighting the complex interplay between these psychological constructs and their implications for individual well-being and behavior.

A Quantitative Study on the Efficacy of Multidisciplinary Approaches in Osteoradionecrosis Management among Immunocompromised Patients

This research seeks to analyse the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary integrated approach to complex issues related to osteoradionecrosis ORN in immunocompromised patients.

Examining Citizens’ Expectations and Perceptions About Service Quality in Public Sector: Adapting a Hybrid Public Service Quality Model to the Local Context

ABSTRACT The empirical study examines citizens’ expectations and perceptions about service quality in three major public institutions. The article adopts a quantitative approach. Citizens’ expectations and perceptions about service quality in the context of public institutions were examined through a questionnaire, utilizing a hybrid model of SERVQUAL with private and public service quality dimensions. The article presents the results of a quantitative study (sample of 310 citizens), distributed across three public institutions, illustrating factor, gap, paired correlation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of survey data. For factor extraction, rotation and interpretation, the Oblimin rotation technique was used, determining inter-correlation among the public service quality factors. As for ANOVA analysis, Levene’s test was used to verify the homogeneity of variance assumption (the variance in scores for each group of customers). The findings of the study suggest the re-distribution of components under the refined service quality factors. Different items of initial service quality dimensions are rotated under newly created factors. Gap analysis reveals no variations in terms of citizens’ expectations across public institutions, but suggests significant differences among public entities in regard to perceptions of services acquired. Adapted Hybrid Public Service Quality model will assist public institutions in developing and tailoring service quality management systems to citizens’ needs. This is the first attempt to carry out a quantitative approach to researching Service Quality in public institutions. The primary contribution of the study is that it has tested a hybrid model for measuring perceived public service quality, integrating service quality dimensions both from public and private sectors and proposed a refined model fit for the local context considering citizens’ characteristics and the current state of the public sector experiencing a shift toward modernization of services.

Epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Introduction: When syphilis is not treated during pregnancy, it results in a considerable proportion of early fetal and neonatal deaths, with a high probability of vertical transmission, and when this occurs, Congenital Syphilis (CS) develops. Aim: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of SC in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2012 to 2021. Design: A cross sectional, descriptive, retrospective, qualitative and quantitative study was carried out, limited to the years 2012 to 2021, with secondary data and the variables: child's age, final diagnosis, mother's age range, race, or color, having undergone prenatal care, time of diagnosis of maternal syphilis, maternal treatment regimen and deaths due to CS in children under one year of age. Results: 2,932 cases of CS were reported during the period. In the state, 88.1% of cases were in children less than 7 days old. 71.4% of mothers reported receiving prenatal care. Given the information about the mother's therapeutic regimen, 39.1% were inadequate, 28.8% did not receive treatment and in only 3.2% the treatment was adequate. Implications: The CS incidence rate in the State remained above the established national parameter, which is why it is necessary to invest more in epidemiological surveillance, as this is the first step to controlling the disease.

The acceptability and clinical impact of using polygenic scores for risk-estimation of common cancers in primary care: a systematic review.

Polygenic scores (PGS) have been developed for cancer risk-estimation and show potential as tools to prompt earlier referral for high-risk individuals and aid risk-stratification within cancer screening programmes. This review explores the potential for using PGS to identify individuals at risk of the most common cancers seen in primary care. Two electronic databases were searched up until November 2023 to identify quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that reported on the acceptability and clinical impact of using PGS to identify individuals at highest risk of breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer in primary care. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of included studies and a narrative synthesis was used to analyse data. A total of 190 papers were identified, 18 of which were eligible for inclusion. A cancer risk-assessment tool incorporating PGS was acceptable to the general practice population and their healthcare providers but major challenges to implementation were identified, including lack of evidence for PGS in non-European ancestry and a need for healthcare provider education in genomic medicine. A PGS cancer risk-assessment had relatively limited impact on psychosocial outcomes and health behaviours. However, for prostate cancer, potential applications for its use in primary care were shown. Cancer risk assessment incorporating PGS in primary care is acceptable to patients and healthcare providers but there is a paucity of research exploring clinical impact. Few studies were identified, and more research is required before clinical implementation of PGS can be recommended.

Evaluating the role of heart rate variability in monitoring stress and sleep quality among nurses in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

To assess heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure to assess job stress and sleep quality among nurses in the post-COVID-19 period. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected nurses, with heightened job stress and impaired sleep quality impacting their well-being and effectiveness in patient care. HRV could offer insights for supporting strategies in the pandemic aftermath. A quantitative cross-sectional study. This study involved 403 clinical nurses recruited from a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Data on job stress, work frustration, sleep quality and HRV were collected and analysed. Among the nurses surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic, 72.7% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI = 9.369). Job stress emerged as a strong predictor of work frustration. High stress levels and poor sleep quality were correlated with significantly decreased HRV, indicating a potential physiological impact of stress on the nurses' health and well-being. HRV is a valuable and cost-effective measure for monitoring and managing nurses' well-being in the post-COVID-19 era. Targeted interventions can be implemented to support nurses' overall performance and promote their well-being by identifying those at high risk of job stress and poor sleep quality.

Physical activity and functional social support in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review

BackgroundGlobally, the population of older people is increasing and is estimated to reach nearly 2.1 billion by 2050. Physical activity (PA) is one of the key components for successful ageing. However, PA decreases with age and many older adults do not meet PA guidelines. Previous research has shown that social support (SOSU) is related to PA in older people. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map all of the available evidence and to explore the association between functional SOSU and PA in older adults. Functional SOSU consists of emotional, informational, instrumental and companionship SOSU and social comparison.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using the Joanna-Briggs manual. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating associations between functional SOSU and PA levels in older adults (mean age ≥ 60 years) were identified through a systematic search in seven electronic databases up to August 2023. After removing duplicates, 20,907 articles were screened for titles and abstracts. The results were analysed separately for different types of SOSU.Results116 articles met the inclusion criteria; 72% were quantitative studies and 28% were qualitative studies. Most studies used self-reported PA measures, only 23% of the studies used objective-reported PA measures. Most studies of SOSU for PA reported positive associations but the evidence is inconclusive when the source of support is considered. PA is positively associated with general, emotional, informational, and companionship SOSU, while instrumental support may occasionally be negatively associated. Companionship support is particularly influential on PA, especially in group settings, as it promotes social connectedness. Qualitative studies show that social comparison also supports PA. Different forms of SOSU generally show positive associations with PA.ConclusionsWhile the evidence on the association between functional SOSU and PA is mixed, most studies show that there is a positive association. PA may also be a strategy for improving social contact and social integration. This study offers a comprehensive overview of measures for SOSU and PA and thereby informs future research and policy-making.

Self-initiated protection behavior based on Magna Carta of women: Women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace

The problem of violence in the workplace continues to expand and it casts a shadow on organizational environments all around the world. This phenomenon extends to different fields or sectors and is pervasive throughout a wide range of job environments, such as those in the healthcare industry, educational institutions, local and informal economies, and service industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actions of working women when their rights had been/will be violated. This quantitative study was conducted in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines among women in academe (n=121) and health institutions (n=39), and women of minimum-wage earners (n=42). Findings indicated that working women in the region tend to seek information outside their organizations when violence will happen; they also seek information when their rights once were violated. In some instances, they would only file a complaint when they feel discriminated against and when equal rights in the workplace are not well implemented. Notably, minimum-wage earners and health workers are more likely to file a complaint than teachers. The findings resonate with broader societal patterns wherein hesitancy to report workplace violations are deeply embedded. Such behaviors perpetuate gender-based violence and hinder the development of gender-sensitive and conducive workplaces. To deconstruct the gender and development (GAD) limitations, interventions need to extend beyond the present organizational policies to instill a culture of empowerment and safety for all individuals, fostering an environment conducive to open discussions, proactive conflict resolution mechanisms, and reliable report systems.

A Method for Determining Target Areas of Hot Dry Rock Resources: A Case Study in Continental China

Geothermal resources have been recognized as important sources of clean renewable energy. The exploration, development, and utilization of geothermal resources, especially hot dry rock (HDR) resources, are highly important for achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality. However, there is no comprehensive evaluation method for determining HDR target areas, and the evaluation scale and application disciplines are relatively simplistic. In this paper, we sought to optimize the identification of HDR target areas through a multiscale and multidisciplinary method and formed a set of generalized and demonstrative processes to guide the exploration of HDR resources. Through practical application to the Gonghe Basin and the Zhangzhou Basin, it was found that the comprehensive geothermal conditions of the Gonghe Basin are superior to those of the Zhangzhou Basin, and the geothermal reservoir depth, geothermal reservoir temperature, geothermal gradient, and heat flow are the four most important factors affecting hot dry rock geothermal resources. Using this method, the prioritization of target areas changes from a qualitative study to a quantitative and semiquantitative study, increasing the specificity and reliability of the decision-making process.

The use of small group based educational interventions in General Practice to improve antimicrobial prescribing behaviours: a mixed methods systematic review protocol

Background Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in healthcare settings is one area that has received attention as a possible route to mitigate the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Globally, the highest consumption of antimicrobials in human healthcare originates from prescriptions in Primary Care. Strategies to increase appropriate antibiotic prescribing, which can mean not prescribing an antibiotic e.g. cases of viral infection, have been developed and evaluated. This systematic review aims to review the literature of studies of group based in person educational interventions designed to increase appropriate antibiotic prescribing behaviours in General Practice settings. Methods EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and PsycINFO will be systematically searched from inception until February 2024 for primary studies of group based educational interventions designed to improve the antimicrobial prescribing behaviours in General Practice. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies that report on the phenomenon of interest will be included. All identified articles will be double screened at title and abstract level. One reviewer will then screen all included studies at full text level, extract the data, code the intervention and perform risk of bias assessment with a second reviewer performing verification of a randomly selected 20% of the articles. We will use an integrated approach to mixed method systematic reviews and will perform a narrative, or if possible quantitative, synthesis. Discussion The review will identify and assess the efficacy and / or effectiveness of small group based educational interventions designed to improve the antibiotic prescribing behaviours of General Practitioners. By using a mixed methods approach we aim to identify the salient content of the included interventions and the perspectives of participants on the content and delivery of the included interventions. We will use the findings to inform the design and content of a small group educational intervention for GP registrars.

Radiographic Alignment Parameters for Lumbosacral Reconstruction in Patients With Altered S1 Morphology.

Retrospective quantitative analysis study. Pelvic incidence has been established as central radiographic marker which determines patient-specific correction goals during surgery for adult spinal deformity. In cases with sacral doming or sacral osteotomy where the PI cannot be calculated, reliable radiographic parameters need to be established to determine surgical goals. We aim to determine multiple radiographic parameters and formulas that can be utilized when the S1 superior endplate is obscured. Retrospective analysis was performed on 68 healthy volunteers without prior spine surgery with full-length radiographs. Pelvic incidence, sacral slope, and pelvic tilt were calculated for each patient. Additional measurements such as L4, L5, and S2 incidence, tilt, and slope were collected. A new radiographic parameter defined as the L4-Sciatic notch angle was measured. Regression analysis was performed on each value to determine its relationship with S1 based incidence, tilt, and slope. Mean values for L5 incidence, L4 incidence, and L4 sciatic notch angle were 21.8° ± 8.9, 4.4° ± 8.1, and 44.4° ± 12, respectively. The linear regression analysis produced the following formulas which can be utilized to determine deformity correction goals when pelvic incidence can be calculated pre-operatively: L5i = .65*S1i-11.4, L4i = .44*S1i-18.6, and L4SNA = -.34*S1i + 66.5. In settings where pelvic incidence cannot be calculated, the following formulas can be utilized: L5i = .66*S2i-32.3 and L4SNA = -.02*S2i2 + 1.1*S2i + 63.5. P-values for all regression analyses were <.001. This study provides target radiographic alignment values that can be utilized for patients with either pre-operative altered S1 endplates or in cases with intraoperative alteration of S1 (sacral osteotomy).

Dementia-Friendly Transportation Services: A Scoping Review.

Transportation is an important component of dementia-friendly communities. People living with dementia have the right to access transportation services to keep their mobility in their community, which is essential for independence, well-being, and quality of life. This scoping review maps the literature on dementia-friendly transportation services and explores their characteristics to inform future development and research. Empirical quantitative and qualitative studies in English or French that informed on transportation services for people living with dementia in the community were searched in 15 databases. Two authors independently screened records and charted relevant characteristics from selected publications. Important findings were summarized with a narrative synthesis approach. Thirty-five studies informed on important dimensions of transportation services in urban and/or rural context: availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability and affordability. Important insights were identified: the importance of staff training and attitude, and the challenges of availability of affordable services in the rural context. Emerging policy and program intervention areas include the need for access to quiet areas in transit hubs, training to use mass public transit and mobility management. The literature on dementia-friendly transportation services is important in the expansion and maintenance of mobility for people living with dementia in the community. The scope of the existing scientific literature remains limited. While several studies indicated a clear need for better access to dementia-friendly transportation services, the best practices still need to be demonstrated in the scientific literature.

Study on 13C MultiCP/MAS ssNMR Analysis of Tobacco Pectin

aims: This study aimed to analyze the content and structure of pectin in tobacco samples. background: As one of the most important economic crops, tobacco products have a long history and dominate the development of the world economy. Pectin, as a complex colloidal substance widely present in plant cell walls, its content is an important factor affecting the safety of tobacco smoking. objective: This study aimed to analyze the content and structure of pectin in tobacco samples. method: In this study, tobacco pectin was extracted by ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid extraction, and the 13C MultiCP/MAS NMR spectral analysis of pectin was conducted. result: The type of extractant, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, and solid-liquid ratio were optimized. Under the conditions of using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4 ) as the extractant, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL, and the ultrasonic power of 600 w for 30 min at 30℃, a yield of 23.7% of tobacco stem pectin and a purity of 54.2% could be obtained. The optimized MultiCP sequence parameters, with 10 CP cycles of 1.0 ms and a repolarization time of 50 ms could obtain high-resolution spectra within a time of 1.0 h. The C-6 peaks of the pectin in the spectrograms were fitted using the spectral deconvolution technique and calculated the methyl-esterification (DM) of the tobacco pectin which was generally less than 50%, and belonged to the low methyl esterification pectin. The pectin content of the tobacco sample was calculated by the standard curve method with the addition of dimethyl sulfone (DMS) as an internal reference.The results of this method were consistent with the colorimetric method. conclusion: The 13C MultiCP/MAS NMR method has the advantages of being green, fast, and accurate, and provides a new technical tool for quantitative and qualitative studies of cell wall substances in tobacco samples. other: No

Promoting healthy school food environments and nutrition in Canada: a systematic review of interventions, policies, and programs.

The school food environment is a critical interface for child and adolescent nutrition, and there is a need to understand existing literature on Canadian school food environments to identify equity gaps and opportunities, and empower decision-makers to plan for future action. Literature on Canadian school food and nutrition interventions, policies, programs, and their effects on diets and nutritional status are synthesized and appraised in this systematic review. A search strategy was developed for each database used (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Collaboration, Canadian Electronic Library, BiblioMap), with a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary, for articles published from 1990 to 2021. Unpublished data and grey literature were also searched. Quantitative and qualitative studies with an observational or intervention study design, reviews, or program evaluations conducted in Canadian schools with participants aged 5-19.9 years were included. Key study characteristics and risk of bias were extracted independently by 2 investigators using a standardized tool. A total of 298 articles were included (n = 192 peer reviewed and 106 from the grey literature), which were mostly conducted in Ontario (n = 52), British Columbia (n = 43), and Nova Scotia (n = 28). Twenty-four interventions, 5 nonevaluated programs, and 1 policy involved Indigenous populations. Overall, 86 articles measured and reported on effectiveness outcomes, including dietary intake; anthropometry; knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and physical activity. The literature remains largely heterogenous and primarily focused on nutrition education programs that use subjective assessments to infer changes in nutrition. A key facilitator to implementation and sustainability was community engagement, whereas key barriers were staff capacity, access to resources and funding, and consistent leadership. This review provides insight into Canadian school food and nutrition interventions, programs, and policies and uncovers important evidence gaps that require careful examination for future evaluations. Governments must create supportive environments that optimize nutrition for children and adolescents through equitable policies and programs. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022303255.

Social Determinants of Health Inequities for Older LGBT Adults: A Scoping Review.

Despite the research on a health-disparate population, less is known about the social determinants of health (SDOH) inequities among older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults. This scoping review aimed to explore and summarize what is known in the literature regarding the SDOH among older LGBT adults. The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) approach guided this scoping review, which examined 31 articles that included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. Data were analyzed by three independent reviewers through a predesigned process of data charting, descriptive summary, and thematic analysis. Older participants were primarily LGBT and LGB. The findings identified four intersecting dimensions of individuals, social, economic, and health care system, contributing to health inequities and poor health outcomes. Given the importance of SDOH for older LGBT adults, stakeholders including health care providers need to better understand the multiple intersecting influences, provide culturally congruent health care, and integrate sources of support into the care of these sexual- and gender-minority older adults.