Exact Sciences Research Articles

NEED AND EXPECTATIONS FOR LEARNING IN A STEM ENVIRONMENT

In the last decade, the need for specialists in the field of engineering and exact sciences emerged in Bulgaria and around the world. This led to the launch of a National Program for the construction of stem centers in schools. From the Veliko Tarnovo region, 16 schools joined the program at different stages, where STEM centers are being built or are already functioning in various subjects, which significantly support the preparation of quality personnel for the Bulgarian economy. A review and analysis of the expectations of teachers and students from work in centers with an engineering focus and training in natural sciences was made. At the next stage, an analysis and evaluation of the effect of the implementation of these innovative centers will be done.

Perbedaan Pemikiran Islam Klasik, Pertengahan, dan Modern serta Perkembangannya

The development of Islamic thought and civilization was supported by caliphs who loved science with maximum facilities and funds, established political and economic stability. This is in line with the high enthusiasm of Muslim scholars and intellectuals in carrying out the development of religious, humanities and exact sciences through the movement of research, translation and writing scientific papers in various scientific fields. Then their real work movement in the field of artifact civilization. In the era of jahiliyah, there had been tremendous damage to aqidah and morals in Mecca. Damage such as drunkenness, robbery, and worship other than Allah. In overcoming the problem, Allah SWT. sent the Prophet Muhammad SAW to repair the aqidah and morals that had been damaged in Mecca. The first step taken by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. namely teaching monotheism to the people in Mecca, but when the Prophet was 63 years old he died and at that time he still did not succeed in improving the aqidah and morals of the people of Mecca. Shortly after the death of the Prophet the companions decided to deliberate consensus, namely to elect a successor to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The first successor was Abu Bakar as-Siddiq, Umar Bin Khattab, Usman bin Affan, and finally Ali bin abi Talib. These companions are called Khulafaur Rashiddin. Thought in Islam was born long after the emergence of Islam, after going through a long historical process. At least modern thought in Islam among thinkers emerged after Islam experienced a period of decline in all fields since the fall of the caliphate of Abbasid bani in Baghdad in 1258 AD. Thought is divided into three periods: Classical Islamic thought, Medieval Islamic thought, and Modern Islamic thought.

Were academic promotions in biochemistry and other research disciplines improperly controlled in Poland between 2011 and 2020? A response to the recently published "Who controls the national academic promotion system" article.

In the recently published article by Koza et al. (SAGE Open, 2023, 13, doi: 10.1177/21582440231177974), the authors analyzed the academic promotion system in Poland between 2011 and 2020. They concluded that "the Polish system of academic promotions in the past decade can hardly be regarded as based on pure merit", suggesting the impropriety, based on the participance of the members of the Central Board for Degrees and Titles in panels of experts evaluating the applications. Biochemistry was provided as a research discipline in which such an "impropriety" was the most pronounced, though other disciplines were only slightly less "improperly affected". Although the calculations presented by Koza and others (Koza et al., 2023) were proper, their conclusions were affected by fundamental errors in assessing the roles of the panelists and misinterpretation of the data. The drawbacks of the interpretations of the facts and in drawing conclusions are presented and discussed in this paper, underlining the necessity of being very careful when assessing any phenomenon and concluding about any mechanism. Indeed, only very well substantiated conclusions, strongly supported by objective data, should be published. This rule is very well known in biochemistry and other exact and natural sciences, and should be mandatory in all other research disciplines.

Prospects for Relations of Russia with the BRICS Countries in the Sphere of the Natural and Exact Sciences

Prospects for Relations of Russia with the BRICS Countries in the Sphere of the Natural and Exact Sciences

Victorians and Numbers: Statistics and Society in Nineteenth Century Britain by Lawrence Goldman

<i>Victorians and Numbers: Statistics and Society in Nineteenth Century Britain</i> by Lawrence Goldman

The Jeffreys–Lindley paradox: an exchange

This Editorial reports an exchange in form of a comment and reply on the article “History and Nature of the Jeffreys–Lindley Paradox” (Arch Hist Exact Sci 77:25, 2023) by Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Alexander Ly.

KONTRIBUSI PENGETAHUAN METAKOGNITIF DAN REGULASI METAKOGNITIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ILMIAH MAHASISWA IAKN KUPANG

Scientific thinking skills becomes a important competency for a student in achieving a successful learning process. The success of students in their learning process is influenced by their own ability to process their thinking processes or what is often called metacognition. Several studies on metacognition have been conducted but only associated with academic achievement and critical thinking skills and are more likely to be directed at the exact sciences. Likewise with research on scientific thinking, only limited to the cognitive level and has not yet touched on the metacognition dimension. Based on this background, the purpose of this research is to analyze the contribution of metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation to the scientific thinking skills. The research method is a quantitative method with the type of ex post facto. The data collection technique used an instrument in the form of questionnaire with a sample of 194 students who were actively registered in the Christian Religious Education study program at Kupang State Institute of Christianity. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The result showed that there was a contribution of metacognitive knowledge to the scientific thinking skills by 21,6%. Meanwhile, the contribution of metacognitive regulation to the scientific thinking skills by 0,9% and the contribution of metacognitive knowledge and metacognition regulation to the scientific thinking skills by 22,5%. The rest, 77,5% of scientific thinking skills is determined by other factors such as motivation, level of critical thinking, self monitoring, and various other aspects of factors.

Kajian Etnomatematika Berbasis Budaya Lokal Tradisional Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Pendidikan Multikultural

Indonesia is rich in culture. The diverse traditional local cultures provide materials to be explored and linked to mathematics learning. The ethnomathematics is a scientific approach that connects mathematics and culture. This study aims to provide an overview and rationalization of the importance of the role of ethnomathematics in multicultural education. As a result, it can be studied because culture is introduced not only through the social sciences but also through the exact sciences via mathematics. The research method in this study is qualitative, using the systematic mapping study method or systematic analysis study to describe the research mapping on ethnomathematics that has been studied. The following are the findings of the research: (1) Various traditional local cultural media, such as traditional houses, woven products, batik, and others, are the media that are widely studied using ethnographic and descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were cultural experts or descendants of royal lineages. Very little research provides examples of the use of materials in the classroom and according to their measurement capacity. (2) The ethnomathematics plays a role in a multicultural education by exploring various cultures so that students can get to know the multiculturalism of Indonesian nation. The meaningfulness of the mathematics learning and culture is used to make the learning effective in multicultural classrooms.

The Role of Islamic Thought in the Development of World Civilization

World civilization as time goes by continuously experiences a development. Various forms of thought or civilization that developed had an impact on the progress of existing civilizations. What is then interesting to discuss is how the contribution of Islamic thought to the development of world civilization. The question is the basis of this research. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with an interpretive approach. The conclusion in this study is that Islamic thought made a huge contribution to world civilization through mainland Europe. This is evidenced by the existence of various Muslim figures with each of his thoughts. Both relating to astronomy, medicine, exact science, and natural science or social science include philosophy and theology, social science. The contribution of Islamic thought is also given in various fields of life such as politics, economy, and social.

“Oracles of the Law:” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.’s Legal Futurism

This article undertakes a rhetorical reading of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.’s “The Path of the Law” (1897), attending particularly to Holmes’s use of the trope of the “oracle” in his legal philosophy to show how Holmes utilizes this figure to interrogate the Anglo-American legal tradition and to articulate his own, new understanding of the task of the law. For Holmes, lawyers reading the “sibylline leaves” of the common law will inevitably make imperfect predictions about how judges will rule a case. In contrast, Holmes suggests that lawyers should be able to make predictions with the same degree of reliability as scientific hypotheses based on the laws of physics. Similarly, Holmes argues that laws should be considered in terms of desired ends, rather than precedent and tradition, and assessed using the new quantitative social science of statistics. Thus, by turning “prophecy” into a figure of rationality, Holmes calls for a radical reinvention of the law as scientifically based and oriented towards the future.

Development of three-dimensional pieces of inclusive didactics to assist in the teaching and learning process of people with visual impairments

The teaching of some contents of the disciplines of the exact sciences and the earth are considered complex and this scenario worsens when the student has some disability, among these visual deficiencies is one that presents a higher degree of complexity, because the student cannot see what is being demonstrated. Based on this panorama, this article has as its central objective to present some three-dimensional pieces of inclusive didactics, which were developed in software that design three-dimensional objects and later printing in 3D printers, a process that resulted in handleable parts and with information of dimensions, shapes and writings in braille, this set of information aggregated in the construction of these pieces aims to collaborate in the process of teaching and learning of content related to exact disciplines.

Implementing quantum dimensionality reduction for non-Markovian stochastic simulation

Complex systems are embedded in our everyday experience. Stochastic modelling enables us to understand and predict the behaviour of such systems, cementing its utility across the quantitative sciences. Accurate models of highly non-Markovian processes – where the future behaviour depends on events that happened far in the past – must track copious amounts of information about past observations, requiring high-dimensional memories. Quantum technologies can ameliorate this cost, allowing models of the same processes with lower memory dimension than corresponding classical models. Here we implement such memory-efficient quantum models for a family of non-Markovian processes using a photonic setup. We show that with a single qubit of memory our implemented quantum models can attain higher precision than possible with any classical model of the same memory dimension. This heralds a key step towards applying quantum technologies in complex systems modelling.

Clinically-Similar Clusters of Daily CGM Profiles: Tracking the Progression of Glycemic Control Over Time.

The adoption of CGM results in vast amounts of data, but their interpretation is still more art than exact science. The International Consensus on Time in Range (TIR) proposed the widely accepted TIR system of metrics, which we now take forward by introducing a finite and fixed set of clinically-similar clusters (CSCs), such that the TIR metrics of the daily CGM profiles within a cluster are homogeneous. CSC definition and validation used 204,710 daily CGM profiles in health, type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D), on different treatments. The CSCs were defined using 23,916 daily CGM profiles (Training set), and the final fixed set of CSCs was obtained using another 37,758 profiles (Validation set). The Testing set (143,036 profiles) was used to establish the robustness and generalizability of the CSCs. The final set of CSCs contains 32 clusters. Any daily CGM profile was classifiable to a single CSC which approximated common glycemic metrics of the daily CGM profile, as evidenced by regression analyses with 0 intercept (R-squares≥0.83, e.g., correlation≥0.91), for all TIR and several other metrics. The CSCs distinguished CGM profiles in health, T2D, and T1D on different treatments, and allowed tracking of the daily changes in a person's glycemic control over time. Daily CGM profiles can be classified into one of 32 prefixed CSCs, which enables a host of applications, e.g. tabulated data interpretation and algorithmic approaches to treatment, database indexing, pattern recognition, and tracking disease progression.

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPROVING THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW OF PRIMARY CLASS STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RELATIONSHIPS

In the article, the organization and content updating of the scientific worldview of primary school students based on interdisciplinary connection, the connection of the continuous education system with science and production, the scientific worldview of students in the interdisciplinary teaching of natural and exact sciences in primary grades specific aspects of implementation based on the selection of materials that can be learned by students are highlighted during the course of the lesson. Also, today, the practical application of the achievements of science in recent years in the development of educational effectiveness, it describes the theoretical foundations, pedagogical aspects, opportunities for improvement, and the principles of the selection of related materials.

Assessing opportunities and inequities in undergraduate ecological forecasting education.

Conducting ecological research in a way that addresses complex, real-world problems requires a diverse, interdisciplinary and quantitatively trained ecology and environmental science workforce. This begins with equitably training students in ecology, interdisciplinary science, and quantitative skills at the undergraduate level. Understanding the current undergraduate curriculum landscape in ecology and environmental sciences allows for targeted interventions to improve equitable educational opportunities. Ecological forecasting is a sub-discipline of ecology with roots in interdisciplinary and quantitative science. We use ecological forecasting to show how ecology and environmental science undergraduate curriculum could be evaluated and ultimately restructured to address the needs of the 21st century workforce. To characterize the current state of ecological forecasting education, we compiled existing resources for teaching and learning ecological forecasting at three curriculum levels: online resources; US university courses on ecological forecasting; and US university courses on topics related to ecological forecasting. We found persistent patterns (1) in what topics are taught to US undergraduate students at each of the curriculum levels; and (2) in the accessibility of resources, in terms of course availability at higher education institutions in the United States. We developed and implemented programs to increase the accessibility and comprehensiveness of ecological forecasting undergraduate education, including initiatives to engage specifically with Native American undergraduates and online resources for learning quantitative concepts at the undergraduate level. Such steps enhance the capacity of ecological forecasting to be more inclusive to undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds and expose more students to quantitative training.

Professorship in Biology about the good undergraduate student

The following paper aims to analyse the perceptions or images of a good university student and to identify the competences needed to be a good student, according to the implicit theories held by first and second year teachers of the University Teacher Training Course in Biology at the Faculty of Exact, Chemical and Natural Sciences of the National University of Misiones. The methodological approach of the research is mixed and of flexible design. The instruments used were the questionnaire and the interview. From the analysis of the data, it can be seen that the teachers consider that a good student should have transversal competences such as teamwork, autonomy and time organisation. They also mentioned study habits which would be related to causal and linear learning linked to direct and interpretative theory. For women and men, students possess instrumental and interpersonal transversal competences; men add systemic competences. The accompaniment strategies mentioned by the teachers coincide with their conception of learning.

CONNECTION WITH EXACT AND NATURAL SCIENCES IN FORMING EDUCATION (In the case of technology lessons)

CONNECTION WITH EXACT AND NATURAL SCIENCES IN FORMING EDUCATION (In the case of technology lessons)

S-ACF: a selective estimator for the autocorrelation function of irregularly sampled time series

ABSTRACT We present a generalized estimator for the autocorrelation function, S-ACF, which is an extended version of the standard estimator of the autocorrelation function (ACF). S-ACF is a versatile definition that can robustly and efficiently extract periodicity and signal shape information from a time series, independent of the time sampling and with minimal assumptions about the underlying process. Calculating the autocorrelation of irregularly sampled time series becomes possible by generalizing the lag of the standard estimator of the ACF to a real parameter and introducing the notion of selection and weight functions. We show that the S-ACF reduces to the standard ACF estimator for regularly sampled time series. Using a large number of synthetic time series, we demonstrate that the performance of the S-ACF is as good or better than commonly used Gaussian and rectangular kernel estimators, and is comparable to a combination of interpolation and the standard estimator. We apply the S-ACF to astrophysical data by extracting rotation periods for the spotted star KIC 5110407, and compare our results to Gaussian process (GP) regression and Lomb–Scargle (LS) periodograms. We find that the S-ACF periods typically agree better with those from GP regression than from LS periodograms, especially in cases where there is evolution in the signal shape. The S-ACF has a wide range of potential applications and should be useful in quantitative science disciplines where irregularly sampled time series occur. A python implementation of the S-ACF is available under the MIT license.

Evaluating the harmonisation potential of diverse cohort datasets

Data discovery, the ability to find datasets relevant to an analysis, increases scientific opportunity, improves rigour and accelerates activity. Rapid growth in the depth, breadth, quantity and availability of data provides unprecedented opportunities and challenges for data discovery. A potential tool for increasing the efficiency of data discovery, particularly across multiple datasets is data harmonisation.A set of 124 variables, identified as being of broad interest to neurodegeneration, were harmonised using the C-Surv data model. Harmonisation strategies used were simple calibration, algorithmic transformation and standardisation to the Z-distribution. Widely used data conventions, optimised for inclusiveness rather than aetiological precision, were used as harmonisation rules. The harmonisation scheme was applied to data from four diverse population cohorts.Of the 120 variables that were found in the datasets, correspondence between the harmonised data schema and cohort-specific data models was complete or close for 111 (93%). For the remainder, harmonisation was possible with a marginal a loss of granularity.Although harmonisation is not an exact science, sufficient comparability across datasets was achieved to enable data discovery with relatively little loss of informativeness. This provides a basis for further work extending harmonisation to a larger variable list, applying the harmonisation to further datasets, and incentivising the development of data discovery tools.

Evaluation of the Biodistribution, Efficacy, and Side-Effect Profile of Deflazacort, Prednisolone and Vamorolone in a DMD Mouse Model (S34.010)

Evaluation of the Biodistribution, Efficacy, and Side-Effect Profile of Deflazacort, Prednisolone and Vamorolone in a DMD Mouse Model (S34.010)