Quantitative Research Framework Research Articles

New Thoughts on Research Framework for Integrating Leader Voice-Taking Behavior: A Literature Review Based Study

Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a relatively comprehensive literature review with leader voice-taking behavior as the core dimension in order to construct a logical quantitative research framework for studying organizational innovation in the hospitality industry. Theoretical Framework: The framework can be used to guide the optimization of management processes in Chinese hospitality industry, especially in response to corporate innovation problems caused by leaders who do not pay attention to the voices of their front-line employees (FLEs). Method: This study used a theoretical integration of a conventional review of literature textual research, drawing on persuasion theory, social information processing theory, and affective event theory to explain a model of leader voice-taking behavior. Results and Discussion: The findings of this paper more systematically integrates the logical relationships between the dimensions related to leader voice-taking behavior, including message factors (promotive voice, prohibitive voice, issue importance, voice directness), source factors (employee’s voice efficacy, value congruence, employee loyalty, employee expertise) and context factors (diversity, LMX) as predictable antecedents of leader voice-taking behavior. On the other hand, FOCC and affective factors (positive emotions, relational energy) are potentially mediating the relationship between leader discourse behavior and service innovation in FLEs. Research Implications: This study provides theoretical support for leadership-employee related behavioral theories, emphasizes the role of voice-taking behavior in corporate innovation, and is instructive for quantitative analysis of Chinese hospitality industry related to this type of research. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature review by leader voice-taking behavior. This is academically capable of guiding other related research and has a strong academic value.

Stimulating The Reading Proficiency Of 10th Grade Students Through The Application Of Wordwall In Recount Text

The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Wordwall application in stimulating reading skills among tenth-grade students at X-10 in SMA 1 Sutojayan. It employs a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test methodology, following a quantitative research framework. The process includes three stages: 1) pre-test, 2) treatment, and 3) post-test. To ensure data reliability, tests were piloted on students with similar proficiency levels. Data collection involved administering tests, and statistical analysis. Results showed a significant improvement in student reading achievement, with scores increasing from 77.24 to 86.24 after implementing the Wordwall application for recount text instruction. The paired sample t-test showed the distinction (p = 0.000), underscoring the Wordwall application's effectiveness in enhancing recount text reading achievement among tenth-grade students at X-10 in SMA Negeri 1 Sutojayan Blitar.

Demotivation Factors in L2 Learning: A Case Study of Graduate Students

The article discusses the demotivation factors influencing graduate students studying English in Libya. The study specifically looks to discuss how the sex of the student may influence the English learning process. For this reason, the study applies a quantitative research framework to test how factors such as classroom environment, low test scores, grammar-based teaching, and teacher's behaviour, amongst others, may influence overall student motivation levels. To conclude, a questionnaire composed of 35 questions was shared with 49 participants registered for graduate studies at the Libyan academy, and they were asked questions relating to course content, teaching material, grammar-based teaching, teacher's behaviour, the atmosphere of the learning place, affinity, and confidence level of the students. After conducting a T-test to evaluate the data, the study found that grammar-based instruction was the most demotivating factor for students. It was also revealed that gender did not affect the learning parameters of second-language learners.

Lesson Study’s Effect on Math Teacher Candidates’ Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Teaching Anxiety

This study aims to examine the effects of the lesson study model on the attitudes, self-efficacy, and math teaching anxiety of math teacher candidates. A pre- and post-test control group quasi-experimental design was utilized with a quantitative research framework. The study group consisted of a total of 14 teacher candidates (seven in the experimental group and seven in the control group), who were senior-level undergraduate students taking the “Teaching Practice” course in the pedagogical formation group of the Faculty of Education at Düzce University during the fall semester of the educational year 2019-2020. Data collection was performed using the Attitude Toward the Teaching Profession Scale, Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale, and Math Teaching Anxiety Scale. Non-parametric tests, specifically the Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests, were employed for data analysis. The results achieved in this study indicate that the lesson study model used in the teaching practice course positively affected the attitudes towards the teaching profession and teacher self-efficacy perceptions of math teacher candidates, as well as reducing math teaching anxiety.

Exploring Smartphone Use Patterns and Their Associations with Demographic Characteristics, Socio-psychological Well-being, and Socio-cultural Factors among Nigerian Youth

The widespread adoption of smartphones has transformed communication and information access, particularly among Nigerian youths. As Africa’s most populous nation and rapidly digitizing economy, Nigeria offers a unique backdrop to investigate the complex interplay between smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being, and socio-cultural factors among its youth population. This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design to explore these intricate relationships comprehensively. The methodological approach involved a quantitative research framework using a tailored measurement scale developed to gather relevant data, encompassing demographic details, smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being indicators, and socio-cultural factors. This study focused on Nigerian youth aged 18 to 30 years, employing a snowball sampling technique to disseminate the research instrument through WhatsApp and Telegram platforms. A total of 1241 participants from different regions of the country were included in the study. The results showed significant variations in smartphone use patterns among Nigerian youth based on age groups, gender, and socioeconomic background. The results revealed significant variations in smartphone use patterns based on demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and socioeconomic background. Furthermore, smartphone use patterns exhibited significant correlations with various aspects of socio-psychological well-being, such as emotional well-being, stress levels, sleep quality, and life satisfaction. Sociocultural factors did not significantly predict smartphone use patterns; family dynamics and peer interactions emerged as significant indirect influencers through psychological well-being. The recommendations arising from the study’s findings suggest tailored interventions for demographic groups, promotion of digital well-being, and the incorporation of digital literacy education.

The Effects of Competency, Training, and Career Development on Employee Performance at i3L

This study examines the effect of competency, training, and career development on employee performance at the i3L staff. By utilizing 80 respondents from the i3L staff level obtained from the saturated sampling technique, the researcher used a quantitative research framework with survey data collection techniques using an ordinal Likert scale of 1-5. The researcher used SEM-PLS analysis using the SmartPLS 4 application as a data processing tool. This study concludes that the original sample (O) value is 0.400 for the competency variable, indicating a positive effect on performance, with 2.515 > 1.96 as the T Statistics value and a P value of 0.012 <0.05 indicating the competency variable has a significant effect on performance. The career development variable found an original sample value (O) of 0.538, which indicates a positive effect on performance, with a T statistic value of 3.262 > 1.96 and a P value of 0.001 <0.05, which indicates a significant effect on performance. So, if the effect of competency and career development variables on performance is positive and significant, these two variables, H0, are rejected, but H1 is accepted. In the training variable on performance, the original sample value (O) was found to be 0.051, which indicates a positive effect on performance. However, it was also found that the T statistical value of the training variable on performance was 0.369 < 1.96, with P values having a value of 0.712 > 0.05, which indicated that the effect was not significant. Because of this, i3L needs to improve more on suitable training programs to improve the performance of employees.

EXPLORING SMARTPHONE USE PATTERNS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS AMONG NIGERIAN YOUTH

As Africa’s most populous nation and rapidly digitizing economy, Nigeria offers a unique backdrop to investigate the complex interplay between smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being, and socio-cultural factors among its youth population. This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design to explore these intricate relationships comprehensively. The methodological approach involved a quantitative research framework using a tailored measurement scale developed to gather relevant data, encompassing demographic details, smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being indicators, and socio-cultural factors. A total of 1241 participants from different regions of the country were included in the study. The results showed significant variations in smartphone use patterns among Nigerian youth based on age groups, gender, and socioeconomic background. The results revealed significant variations in smartphone use patterns based on demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and socioeconomic background. Furthermore, smartphone use patterns exhibited significant correlations with various aspects of socio-psychological well-being, such as emotional well-being, stress levels, sleep quality, and life satisfaction. Sociocultural factors did not significantly predict smartphone use patterns; family dynamics and peer interactions emerged as significant indirect influencers through psychological well-being.

The importance of education innovation and degree of innovative practices by principals in rural secondary schools in South Africa

After the inception of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, education emerged as a pivotal concern on the global agenda. The significance of education innovation lies in its ability to enhance the caliber of instruction and bolster school performance. In spite of the various obstacles faced by rural schools in South Africa, certain institutions are exhibiting indications of exceptional performance and advancement in terms of educational innovations, the provision of high-quality education, and the academic achievements of their students. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of principals' comprehension of the significance of educational innovation and their level of implementation of innovative practices on student achievement. The research employed a descriptive case study approach inside a quantitative research framework. A sample size of 108 secondary school principals in the Vhembe District, located in the Limpopo Province, was obtained through the utilization of random sampling procedures. Data collection was conducted through the utilization of questionnaires, while the analysis of the collected data was performed using descriptive statistical techniques. A total of 70 questionnaires were collected and deemed usable, resulting in a response rate of 64.8% for the study. The outcomes of the study indicate that principals within the Vhembe district had a comprehensive understanding of the imperative nature of educational innovation. Additionally, the research revealed that principals are utilizing many new leadership and management approaches in order to improve student achievement. This project aims to contribute to the enhancement of learner performance and the quality of education in secondary schools located in rural parts of South Africa through the promotion of educational innovation. The recommendations of the study hold potential value in the development of policies, the improvement of learner performance, and the provision of education of superior quality.

Research on Street Color Environment Perception Based on CEP-KASS Framework

The color of urban streets plays a crucial role in shaping a city’s image, enhancing street appeal, and optimizing the experience of citizens. Nevertheless, the relationship between street color environment and residents’ perceptions has rarely been deeply discussed, and most of the existing studies adopt qualitative methods. To accurately and effectively assess the connection between street color environment and residents’ emotional perceptions, this paper introduces a quantitative research framework based on multi-source data called “Color Emotion Perception with K-Means, Adversarial Strategy, SegNet, and SVM (CEP-KASS)”. By combining K-Means unsupervised machine learning and SegNet computer vision techniques, it captures and analyzes visual elements and color data from Baidu Street View Images (BSVI). It then employs a human–machine adversarial scoring model to quantify residents’ perceptions of BSVI and uses the support vector machine regression model to predict the final perception scores. Based on these data, a Pearson correlation analysis and visual analysis were conducted on the elements and color in the urban environment. Subsequently, the streets were classified based on perception frequency and perception scores by integrating multi-source data, and areas within the third ring of Xuzhou City were selected for validating the research framework. The results demonstrate that utilizing street-view images and the CEP-KASS framework can quantitatively analyze urban color perception and establish a connection with residents’ emotions. In terms of color perception, red, orange, and blue all have a strong positive correlation with the interesting score, whereas black is positively correlated with a sense of safety. Regarding color attributes, low-saturation bright colors result in higher fun perception scores in urban spaces; too low saturation and brightness can affect their attractiveness to residents; brightness has an inverse relationship with the perception of safety, and adjusting brightness inversely can improve the perceived safety experience in certain urban external spaces. The street classification criteria based on perception frequency and perception scores proposed herein can provide references for planners to prioritize color transformation decisions, with a priority on emulating HSHF streets and transforming LSHF streets. When formulating color planning, suggestions for color adjustment can be given based on the correlation study of color with visual elements and perception scores, optimizing urban residents’ spatial perception and their emotional experiences. These findings provide robust theoretical support for further enhancing the visual quality of streets and refining urban color planning.

Potential and real spatial models: Differences and response characteristics from the perspective of flow

Exploring the coupled relationship between the potential laws of a region and the actual spatial model and identifying regional development trends and the rationality of the model structure are important for realizing integrated development and regional coordination. In this study, we first expounded the basic connotation of regional spatial structure and flow, reviewed the relevant research, and discussed the potential interaction and flow calculation. Supported by the theory of “space of places” and “complex network”; we then proposed a quantitative research framework to identify the regional structural characteristics, differences and responses in structure under the regional potential model and the real model. Second, we selected Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a representative study object. Our results showed that the potential model and the real model is relatively similar in network structure and is mismatched in space. We further defined this response characteristics through the three states of “overloaded, balanced and surplus”. Specifically, the Great Bay Area is characterized by overloaded of the inner ring, balanced of the outer ring and local surplus. We designed different network robustness simulation experiments to study their overall network difference, hoping to help improve the rationality of decision-making in urban spatial planning and governance.

An analysis of natural disasters’ effects – A global comparative study of ‘Blessing in Disguise’

This paper addresses the intriguing issue of whether natural disasters do not only generate negative impacts on society, but, in the long run – under favourable and effective policy and behavioural responses – also positive outcomes. This challenging and novel resilience question is formulated here as the ‘Blessing in Disguise’ hypothesis. There is quite some speculation in the literature on possible long-term and systemic effects of disasters, but there is little empirical evidence supported by solid quantitative analysis on expected positive outcomes. The challenging aim of the present study – to examine under what conditions natural hazards may lead to positive socio-economic outcomes in the long run (‘Blessing in Disguise’) – is empirically addressed from a resilience perspective. It integrates in one quantitative research framework (the ‘Pentagon model’), a Stimulus-Response approach and a Capability-Theory inspired framing of territorial opportunities in coping with natural disasters, and uses a mix of statistical and econometric analyses, such as multiple linear regression analysis, cluster analysis, and a Stimulus-Response adjusted Difference-in-Difference model. Our findings, based on a global comparative study, show that a ‘Blessing in Disguise’ scenario is frequently a valid proposition that may manifest itself differently in different geographic, social-economic, political and institutional contexts. Although there is not a single pattern of development specific in all cases, it is clear that positive recovery trends can be observed both at the state level, and also at the regional level. The analysed data show regularly incremental changes after recent natural disasters (especially in the long term) at country level, but more thorough positive changes can be identified at the regional scale. In conclusion, the management of disasters requires proper response capacities and appears to create a window of opportunity for improved capabilities, but it is only a conditional possibility that may be transformed into a sustainable form of new development.

Conflict Resolution between Multi-Level Government and Farmers in Land Expropriation Based on Institutional Credibility Theory: Empirical Evidence from Shandong Province, China

Land expropriation has always been a hot spot of social conflicts. The land expropriation policy of Merging Villages and Living Together (MVLT) in rural areas has intensified conflicts due to insufficient financial compensation and “demolishing old houses before building new ones”. The current research most simply assesses the degree of conflict and the influencing factors but rarely includes farmers, governments at all levels, the strength of policy tools, and policy perceptions in a unified quantitative research framework, which is not conducive to conflict resolution and policy improvement. This paper adopts the institutional credibility theory, incorporates the policy instruments of higher-level governments, administrative instruments of lower-level governments, and farmers’ credibility of policies into a unified accounting framework, constructs a conflict stress index, evaluates the role of each subject’s characteristics, policy perceptions, and policy instruments in the process of conflict generation and resolution, and analyzes the methods of conflict resolution from the perspective of different stakeholder conflicts. The theoretical analysis framework and the quantitative analysis of the indicators are verified by using a case study of MVLT policy in Shandong Province, China. The results show that the credibility of the policy of “village integration” is influenced by individual characteristics and varies significantly. The administrative means and different combinations of lower-level government are significantly related to an increase in farmers’ credibility, which can significantly improve the success rate of policy implementation. The effect of administrative means of higher-level government on the credibility of farmers is limited. The highest value of the conflict index was observed when the administrative instruments reached the maximum value without a marginal increase in farmers’ credibility. Based on the quantitative evaluation of conflict generation and resolution mechanisms, recommendations for policy implementation and improvement were made.

Principals’ management of financial and non-financial resources as correlates of institutional goal fulfilment in secondary schools in calabar metropolis

This research examined the management of financial and non-financial resources by Calabar Metropolis’ public secondary school principals in relation to the fulfillment of institutional goals. Null hypotheses were developed based on the two specific objectives guiding the study. The study used the ex-post facto research design under the quantitative research framework. A census approach was adopted in enumerating all the 69 school managers (24 principals and 45 vice principals) in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. A validated questionnaire, with a reliability index of .90, was used for data collection. It was shown that there is a considerable association between the management of financial resources by school leaders and the fulfillment of institutional goals. A significant relationship was also established between principals’ management of non-financial resources (such as school libraries, school records and human resources) and the fulfillment of institutional goals in secondary schools. It is argued that to fulfil educational goals, financial and non-financial resources’ management in public secondary schools are critical. Policy and theoretical implications for successful educational management were discussed in light of this result.

The influence of technostress, work-family conflict, and perceived organisational support on workplace flourishing amidst COVID-19.

The remote working environment is characterised by excessive use of new technology and work activities that extend to personal time. It is expected of each employee to balance multiple roles whilst maintaining maximum performance and individual wellbeing; however, without adequate support from an organisation, employees languish instead of flourish. The current study applied a model to investigate the combined effect of technostress, work–family conflict, and perceived organisational support on workplace flourishing for higher education employees. The study followed a cross-sectional quantitative research framework. Data were collected from a sample of 227 academic and support staff employees from a selected residential University in South Africa. The results indicated that technostress through perceived organisational support and through work–family conflict influences workplace flourishing. No direct significant effect was reported between technostress and workplace flourishing. Technostress, work–family conflict, and perceived organisational support combined explained 47% variance in workplace flourishing. Perceived organisational support displayed the strongest direct effect on workplace flourishing, and technostress is a strong determinant of work–family conflict, which then mediates the relationship between technostress and workplace flourishing. The study concluded that providing organisational support and creating policies favourable to work–life balance assist employees in managing techno-overload, techno-invasion, and techno-complexity (technostress) better and enhance workplace flourishing. Although employees struggle in the remote working context with demands imposed by techno-overload, techno-invasion, and techno-complexity, the results indicate that perceived organisational support and balanced work life act as job resources that enhance emotional, psychological, and subjective wellbeing (workplace flourishing).

Quantifying compensation in crop mixtures and monocultures

Compensation can be defined as a process by which a system is able to regain its normal state in response to losing a part of its structure. From genes to individuals to communities, compensatory processes ensure functionality, stability and resilience. While there is a rich literature on compensation in natural and semi-natural communities, as well as for crop monocultures, quantification of compensation in the context of diversified agro-ecosystems, such as binary crop mixtures, has remained underdeveloped. We elaborate a method of quantifying compensation which is consistent across systems of only one component (monocultures) and two component-systems (mixtures). Using plant communities and their response to loss of plant density as an example, we apply this concept to a published data set on experimentally grown monocultures and mixtures of beans and oats. Against loss of plant density, oat and bean monocultures compensated 46 % and 33 % of grain yield, respectively. Compensation in the mixture was small (9%) when compensating loss of bean density, but larger (42 %) when bean density was fixed, compensating against loss of oat density. Remarkably, in the case of fixed bean density, the mixtures did not show a higher degree of compensation than the oats monoculture (i.e. where bean density is fixed at zero seeds). Further, we generalize this approach by characterizing four variables, the Contributor (which suffers the loss that needs to be compensated; e.g. plant density), the Reductor (which leads to a reduction in the Contributor; e.g. a mortality factor reducing plant density), the Outcome (which is the variable of interest that directly depends on the Contributor; e.g. grain mass per unit area), and the Compensator (which represents the variable responsible for the compensation, e.g. the grain mass per remaining plant) and summarize this as the ‘CROC’ model of compensation. We provide a framework for quantitative research on compensation in intercropping and other contexts, and its relationship to resilience and stability. The analysis of compensation in mixtures can help to develop the potential of diversification for improving multifunctional performance of agro-ecosystems, especially in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Applying UTAUT in Predicting ESL Lecturers Intention to Use Flipped Learning

Flipped learning empowers learners to take an engaging role in learning while educators assist the learning process. The employment of flipped learning has been confirmed to enhance the teaching and learning of English as a second language in previous studies. This study aimed to explore the application of the unified theory of technology acceptance and use of technology towards ESL lecturers’ intention to use flipped learning. This study used a quantitative research framework where a set of online questionnaires was used in collecting the data. A total of 206 English as a second language lecturers from four different universities participated in this study. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The result of this study indicates that only social influence is significant in predicting English as a second language lecturers’ intention to use the flipped learning approach. Furthermore, this study enriches the literature on 21st century education and the integration of technology in teaching and learning. In addition, this study could help educators and stakeholders in adapting or enhancing the flipped learning approach by distinguishing the distinct predictors of technology acceptance.

A quantum mechanics-based framework for knowledge-based innovation

PurposeBecause the discontinuous and uncertain characteristics of knowledge-based innovation cannot be reasonably interpreted by conventional management approaches, quantum mechanics which begins with uncertainty and concerns with a dynamic process of the complex system, has been exploratorily used in the management field. Although the theoretical new insights are provided by pioneering studies, quantitative research is in short supply. This paper aims to propose a quantum mechanics-based framework for quantitative research, thus extending the application of quantum mechanics in the knowledge management area from a dynamic system evolutionary standpoint.Design/methodology/approachBased on the similarity comparison between knowledge-based system evolution and atomic motion, the authors construct the atom-like structure of the knowledge-based system and elaborate the evolutionary mechanism of the knowledge-based system, thereby establishing the quantitative model. Apple and Zhongxing Telecom Equipment were selected for an empirical study to demonstrate the usefulness of the models for research on knowledge-based innovation and explore the unique knowledge-based innovation characteristics of the two firms.FindingsFirst, the transition force of dynamic knowledge shows an inverted U shape; accumulating dynamic knowledge to a moderate degree not only facilitates transforming dynamic knowledge into static knowledge but also balances the relationship between the influence of knowledge force range and dynamic knowledge transformation. Second, existing knowledge is gradually substituted by new knowledge and knowledge density at a high knowledge energy level distinctly increases with a narrower bandwidth. Third, the investment loss is associated with resource configuration, resource utilization and the amount of accumulative dynamic knowledge before investment. Knowledge loss is negatively correlated with the knowledge compatibility coefficient.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors use the advanced method in quantum mechanics to legitimately unveil the emergence mechanism of knowledge-based innovation. Meanwhile, the authors capture the non-linear transformation relationship of heterogeneous knowledge and expose the change in ways of both investment loss and knowledge loss that cannot be quantified by conventional models. In doing so, the authors not only reveal the principle of qualitative knowledge change but also offer practical implications for developing flexible and targeted innovation strategies.Originality/valueFirst, by proposing a complete quantum mechanics-based framework, the authors not only supplement the quantitative research contents to knowledge-based innovation literature which proposed calls to conduct research in way of quantum mechanics but also overcome the difficulties of knowledge-based system conceptualization and measurement. Second, the authors reveal the uncertain change of knowledge transformation and measure the loss of investment and knowledge, which contribute to identifying defects of firms in knowledge-based innovation. Third, the authors explore the internal mechanism that led to knowledge-based innovation exhibits non-linear characteristics and capture unique dynamic relationships between different variables which affect the emergence of knowledge-based innovation.

What makes a place special? Research on the locality of cities in the Yellow River and Rhine River Basins based on Street View Images

Globalization and urbanization have caused unprecedented impacts in local identification and cultural protection, and rivers that cross administrative boundaries have attracted attention in the protection of local cultural heritage, resource integration and mobilization. This study selected several cities in the Yellow River Basin and the Rhine River Basin as examples, using street view images, combining locality theory with computer vision analysis methods, and proposing a framework for quantitative research on locality expression. Then the generation mechanism of the local characteristics was discussed. The results show that the cities in the two countries show significant differences, whereas some cities in the basin are similar. The images of the ‘Built Environment' and ‘Social Life' are more conducive to identifying the cities. The construction qualities of ‘Remains' and ‘Water' are the key built environmental factors for the coexistence of locality differences and similarities. The protection of historic buildings and less manual intervention in the water environment are of great significance to the local shaping of German cities and have reference value for developing Chinese cities. The research responds to the homogenization of the urban landscape, the symbiotic relationship between cities and water, and sustainable development in river basin cities.

The influence of self-leadership strategies, psychological resources, and job embeddedness on work engagement in the banking industry

This study used a model to determine the combined effect of psychological resources, self-leadership strategies, and job embeddedness on work engagement for employees in the banking sector. A descriptive quantitative research framework was adopted; data were collected from a sample of 303 banking sector employees. The results indicated that self-leadership strategies influence work engagement through psychological resources and job embeddedness. The three constructs combined explained 70.3% of variance in work engagement. Psychological resources have the strongest direct influence on work engagement, and self-leadership is a strong determinant of the psychological resources and moderate determinant of job embeddedness. The study concluded that implementing self-leadership strategies, encouraging the practice of psychological capital, and ensuring strong links and fit (job embeddedness) would aid in enhancing an engaged workforce. The results indicate that accumulating and expanding internal and job resources from psychological capital, self-leadership, and job embeddedness significantly influence work engagement and buffer the effects of job demands.

An Application of a Tivaivai Research framework to a quantitative Pacific health research project using New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure

Using the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) to investigate or research various social, cultural, health, or other related outcomes is appealing and has a lot of potential. The IDI offers sufficient numbers for researchers to investigate outcomes in Pacific communities to a level of detail not available in many studies. Additionally, it allows organisations to upload their own data to supplement measures in the IDI. The overall aim of this paper is discuss the appropriate values for research projects involving Pacific communities using IDI data; issues around ownership of data from Pacific communities; consent; identification; and other ethical considerations. 
 Although the IDI has a great deal of potential for Pacific health research, many findings based on research using IDI data have been recognised as deficit-framed and polarising for the communities they describe. Some would argue that such findings highlight discrepancies in health or social equity and point to deficiencies that should be the responsibility of governmental organisations. Most analyses stop short of investigating practical pathways for communities to find solutions that are sympathetic to the values or established infrastructure of those communities. Instead, most communities found themselves characterised by deficit and feeling solely responsible for their poor situation.
 This paper proposes an extension to the Tivaivai/Tivaevae research framework and shows how it incorporates values that should be reflected in Pacific research using IDI data. With applications in a range of disciplines, the Tivaivai framework, like many Pacific research models, has been applied to quantitative or small mixed-methods projects, and usually restricted to Cook Islands research. This paper shows its usefulness can be applied to a strictly quantitative research framework, making it sympathetic to wider Pacific values as well as consistent with other familiar Pacific research frameworks. These concepts will be incorporated into a research project for an HRC funded Post-doctoral study investigating the value of education to health outcomes for Pacific families. It is hoped that this paper may provide a starting point for other quantitative Pacific research projects involving administrative or other big data.