Quantitative Determination Of Components Research Articles

Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of Leptadenia hastata: exploring a traditional african medicinal plant.

Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne is a commonly used food source and prescribed as a traditional African medicine for treatment of various diseases, such as diabetes, skin disorders, wounds, and ulcers. However, quality control has become a bottleneck restricting the therapeutic development and utilization of this plant. In this study, a reliable method for qualitative and quantitative determination of components in Leptadenia hastata was established. The components of L. hastata were profiled using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Subsequently, an ultra-high performance tandem diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD)-based method was used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of five major constituents in six batches of L. hastata samples. As a result, 35 compounds were tentatively identified. The quantities of the five constituents (vicenin-Ⅱ, orientin, schaftoside, chrysin 6-C-arabinoside 8-C-glucoside, chrysin 6-C-glucoside 8-C-arabinoside) were determined as 124.8-156.9μg/g, 170.5-216.0μg/g, 61.31-93.73μg/g, 85.13-119.3μg/g and 99.82-129.4μg/g, respectively. This method offers a successful strategy for precise and effective evaluation of the constituents of L. hastata, providing a robust foundation for holistic quality assessment of medicinal plants.

Trends in the development of analytical methods for determination of the quality and authenticity of foodstuffs

The review presents several results of investigations carried out at the Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety on the development and application of modern chemical-analytical methods for determining the quality indicators, nutritional and biological value of foodstuffs. Particular attention is paid to methodological approaches to the determination of biologically active substances of dietary supplements of plant origin, to the definition of criteria for authenticity and methods to disclose falsification of food and dietary supplements. The practical application of modern analytical techniques (capillary GLC, capillary electrophoresis, HPLC with a mass spectrometric detection, UV/VIS diode-array detection, etc.), combining high efficiency and selective separation and detection for identification and qualitative and quantitative determination of components in complex matrix of foodstuffs and dietary supplements is shown.

Serious Adverse Reactions Caused by Counterfeit Drugs. A Clinical Case of Transient Global Amnesia Caused by Dietary Supplement Containing a High Dose of Sildenafil

On 25/11/2014 the patient VHG arrives at emergency department of Cardarelli Hospital in Naples following prolonged confusional state and total loss of memory in the last 24 hours. The episode is diagnosed as transient global amnesia (TSA). During the hospitalization the patient receives specialist visits that don't reveal any abnormalities. The patient reports that he assumed, a few hours before the onset of amnesia, a dietary supplement. The product named Sex Bull, purchased online, it’s indicated for the improvement of sexual performance both in men than in women and, in according to label, it doesn't contain any pharmacological active ingredient. Poison Control Centre of Cardarelli Hospital provides to send a sample of tablets of Sex Bull to Superior Institute of Health (Rome) for a qualitative and quantitative determination of components. The analyses show the presence of Paracetamol, vitamin C, sugar and at the dosage of 100 ± 1.5 mg is a drug used in clinical practice for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and the sale of pharmaceutical products containing the active substance Sildenafil is subject to medical prescription. In literature, are published several case-reports and a review reporting cases of TGA following a first administration of Sildenafil. In this case report, it’s difficult to establish the causal link between the adverse drug reaction (ADR) and the consumption of the active substance Sildenafil, because Sex Bull” it is a counterfeit drug. The production and distribution of counterfeit drugs is not done according to Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Distribution Practice so the quality of pharmacological active ingredients isn't guaranteed. Because of these reasons it is not possible establishing any form of interaction between counterfeit products and other pharmaceutical therapies in progress or the ability of these drugs to induce serious ADR or aggravate a pre-existing medical condition.

基于拉曼光谱的三组分食用调和油快速定量检测

基于拉曼光谱的三组分食用调和油快速定量检测

Surface analysis of powder binary mixtures with ATR FTIR spectroscopy

Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) has been used for surface analysis of powder mixtures. The appearance of one component on the surface of the mixture in greater amounts than that expected from the mass or volume ratio was quantified. Coloured mixtures containing methyl orange were analysed. They contained proportions of components from 0% to 100% in steps of 10%. Mixtures of non-sieved powders of methyl orange and Povidone were dark red when containing only 20% of methyl orange, indicating that particles of methyl orange were present on the surface of the mixture in higher amounts than expected from the mass ratios. Mixtures of methyl orange and Mg stearate, on the other hand, were a light colour, showing the presence of more Mg stearate on the surface than expected. Visual observations correlated with semiquantitative surface concentration determination by ATR FTIR spectroscopy using specific peaks of each component. Quantitative determination of components on the surface of the mixture, using the Beer Lambert law, was possible when characteristic peaks for the first component did not overlap with those of the other component. A non-linear correlation between peak height and concentration of a component in a mixture was explained by distribution of the particle size of components. With a small component, the larger number of particles in the same volume allowed them to surround the larger particles of the second component. These conclusions were confirmed by preparing mixtures with non-coloured components (Povidone-Eudragit ®, NaCl-Povidone, NaCl-Eudragit ®). Results again correlated with the ATR FTIR spectroscopy measurements. It was additionally shown that a small proportion of finer particles can drastically influence the surface of powder mixtures, due to their large contribution to the specific surface area. ATR FTIR is thus demonstrated to be a useful method for studying surfaces of powder mixtures also in terms of process analytical technology (PAT).

Comparison of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of tobacco essential oils

A sample of tobacco essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS), respectively. In the GC/MS analysis, serially coupled columns were used. By comparing the GC/MS results with GC × GC/TOFMS results, many more components in the essential oil could be found within the two-dimensional separation space of GC × GC. The quantitative determination of components in the essential oil was performed by GC × GC with flame ionization detection (FID), using a method of multiple internal standards calibration.

Quantitative analysis of triterpene saponins by HPTLC with scanning densitometry

Triterpene saponins (glycosides) are used as active compounds in many drugs [ 1]. Methods used for the quantitative determination of triterpene saponins are based mostly on their hydrolysis followed by the analysis of aglycons, which is usually performed by titrometric and (less fiequently) spectrophotomettic techniques [2 5]. These methods, involving decomposition of saponin molecules, have a number of disadvantages. The analytical procedures are time-consuming and do not ensure quantitative evaluation of the ratio of individual saponins in complex saponin-containing preparations. In most cases, however, the analysis of saponins is restricted to their qualitative assessment by TLC the most accessible and simple chromatographic procedure [69]. Unfortunately, the use of TLC for the quantitative determination of components is hindered by the lack of scanning optical densitometers to provide for the proper processing of the chromatograms. Below we report on the results of a quantitative TLC determination of some triterpene saponins oleanolic acid derivativesin drug preparations and tinctures of medicinal plants.

Quantitative determination of components in ethotriden ointment

Quantitative determination of components in ethotriden ointment

Improved methodology for the analysis of mixtures by band centrifugation. Quantitative determination of components in protein mixtures

Double-sector aluminium centerpieces were modified for use in high-speed band centrifugation up to 60 000 r min −1 . A method has been developed for testing human immunoglobulin preparations according to administrative regulations with special regards to precision and reproducibility. The proposed band-forming centrifugation method with scanner registration in u.v. absorption optics and special evaluation of the curves gives values in comparison to well-known procedures by Svedberg and Pedersen. The fundamental mathematics of the proposed evaluation method are dealt with. Subjective and systematic errors are especially estimated with this new method and the sensitivity of detection of contaminations is just below 1% (w/w). The proposed procedure is best suited to automatic evaluation. Further communications from this laboratory are in preparation and will be published later.

The gas chromatographic analysis of lacquer thinner.

By using high sensitive gas chromatogrph (equiped with flame ionization detector, sensitivity: 2mV/200mm full scale) 46 commercial laquer thinners and 10 organic solvents used in three industries (in Kyoto City) were analyzed.Tricresylphosphate (supported on firebrick C-22, 80-100 mesh) was used as stationary phase and maintained at 100°C. Column sizes were 4mm I.D. and 4m L. The purified nitrogen was used as the carrier gas and its flow rate was regulated at 38-40ml/min. Each sample solvent of 4-8μl was injected into the gaschromatographic system by microsyringe.Each peak appeared on the chromatogram was identified by comparing with the relative retention volumes (VR) for the standard substances (VR of benzene=1.000). The quantitative determination of component was performed by applying the peak area method (half band width method).The results were as follows:1. On each chromatogram, 12-43 organic components were identified.2. The average concentration of the contents classified by chemical structures were as follows: aromatics 36%, aliphatics 11%, chlorides and alcohols 10%, acetates 7%, ketone 1%, and aldehyde 0.3% respectively.3. The average concentrations of important components which could be detected were as follows: toluene (17%), total xylene (m.p.o.) (12%), benzene (7%), trichloroethylene (6%), butylalcohol (n.i. sec. tert.) (5%), tetrachroroethylene (4%), methylmetacrylate (3%).4. Among the detected components in sample solvents, the concentration of benzene was the highest (48%).