Quantification Of Rutin Research Articles

Quantification of Rutin, an Anti-glycating Drug, in Selected Euphorbia Species by Florescence Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis

Background: Rutin is a natural flavonol that showed excellent antiglycation activity with an IC50 value of 294.5 ± 1.5 μM. In the current study, three selected plant species of Euphorbia, i.e., Euphorbia helioscopia, Euphorbia larica, and Euphorbia wallichii, were analyzed for the quantification of rutin. Methods: The quantification was done through a newly developed method of Emission spectroscopy coupled with Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) and UV-visible spectroscopy as a parallel cross-validation method. Results: The spectroscopic results indicated the highest rutin concentration in the roots of E. helioscopia (11.25 mg/100 g) followed by roots of E. wallichii (9.93 mg/100 g), leaves of E. helioscopia and the whole plant of E. larica (9.41 mg/100 g). The leaves of E. wallichii (8.66 mg/100 g) were found to contain the lowest concentration of rutin among all the tested samples. Conclusion: The present method is one of the simple, robust, and non-destructive methods to carry out the quantitative estimation of rutin in plants.

Electrochemical Polymerisation of Glutamic Acid on the Surface of Graphene Paste Electrode for the Detection and Quantification of Rutin in Food and Medicinal Samples.

Rutin (RU) is one of the best-known natural antioxidants with various physiological functions in the human body and other plant species. In this work, an efficient voltammetric sensor to detect RU in food samples was explicated using a poly (glutamic acid)-modified graphene paste electrode (PGAMGPE). In order to detect RU, the proposed sensor diminishes material resistance and overpotential while increasing kinetic rate, peak currents, and material conductance. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), the analysing efficiency of a PGAMGPE and a Bare graphene paste electrode (BGPE) was evaluated in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) at an ideal pH of 6.5. in a potential window of -0.25 V to 0.6 V. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to analyse the prepared electrode materials' conductivity, charge transfer resistance, and the kinetics of electron transport. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were considered to compare the exterior morphology of the PGAMGPE and the BGPE. It was discovered that the PGAMGPE and the BGPE have electroactive surfaces of 0.062 cm2 and 0.04 cm2, respectively. It was determined that two protons and two electrons participated in the redox process. The resultant limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.04 µM and 0.06 µM, respectively, using DPV and CV methods. In spite of common interferents such as metal ions and chemical species, the developed sensor's selectivity for RU detection was impressive. For the simultaneous analysis of RU in the presence of caffeine (CF), the PGAMGPE affords a good electrochemical nature for RU with good selectivity. Due to the good stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and ease of use of the present RU sensor, it is useful for real sample analysis such as food and medicinal samples with recovery ranging from 94 to 100%.

GC-MS Analysis, Molecular Docking and Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Capparis zeylanica on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Capparis zeylanica (Capparaceae) is a climbing shrub, commonly known as ‘Asadua’ in Oriya language. Folkloric it is used as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, hepatitis and liver tonics. The present work aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Capparis zeylanica root. The ethanolic extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis and quantification of rutin, quercetin and gallic acid by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant study was evaluated by DPPH, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide assay. Hepatoprotective activity was performed by CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg, I.P) induced Wistar albino rats at dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as standard. The liver tissue homogenate was examined for lipid peroxidation, SOD, CAT and GSH assay. Serum was taken for biochemical analysis and liver for histopathological study. In silico molecular docking study was performed by the indentified compounds. Gallic acid was quantified as highest in HPLC analysis. Fifty compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. The extract exhibited significant free radical scavenging effect at highest concentration. The level of liver function enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), bilirubin and protein were significantly improved after the administration of 200 and 300 mg/kg of extract. Alterations in SOD, CAT, GSH and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly checked by extract. Compounds propane, 1, 1-dipropoxy- (-5.2); cis-9-hexadecenal (-6.0); 17-octadecen-14-yn-1-ol (-6.0); 6-butyl-1,4-cycloheptadiene (-6.5) exhibited greater docking score as compared to standard silymarin (-5.1). The hepatoprotective potential of C. zeylanica could be due to its antioxidant effect and the synergistic effect of these compounds.

Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC-DAD method for separation, detection & quantification of rutin and quercetin in buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.).

Buckwheat has tremendous nutraceutical potential owing to its rutin and quercetin content. The aim of this study was to optimise and validate an analytical method for separating and quantifying these two flavonoids from it. Factors, such as range, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification, were evaluated for the two compounds using high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of resolution and symmetry, mobile phase consisting of methanol and methanol:water:acetic acid in the ratio of (100:150:5), flow rate 1.3ml/min and column temperature 30°C were found to be optimal analytical conditions. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.995 & 0.9907 over the range 60-180μg/ml & 2-10μg/ml for rutin and quercetin respectively. LOD and LOQ values for rutin and quercetin were 6.36, 0.58 and 19.28, 1.77μg/ml respectively. Recovery values of 96-100.8% confirmed that the method was accurate for rutin and quercetin analysis. This validated method was successfully used to analyse rutin and quercetin in leaves and seeds of buckwheat plant.

Quantitative Analysis of Rutin by HPTLC and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Verbesina sphaerocephala.

Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray, like other wild plants of the genus Verbesina, has been used in herbal medicine. There is information for other species of the genus related to their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and isolation of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. However, there are no reports for V. sphaerocephala, although it has an important presence in the state of Michoacán, México. In this study, the phenolic composition, quantification of rutin, and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts from V. sphaerocephala leaves and flowers were determined. The results showed that all the investigated extracts have high phenolic and flavonoid contents. The flavonoid rutin was identified in all the extracts from V. sphaerocephala by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The V. sphaerocephala extracts showed scavenging activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 and 5.83 ± 0.50 and 0.93 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively) as well as relevant antioxidant capacity (51.05 ± 0.36 mg of ascorbic acid/g of dry tissue). The experimental results show that V. sphaerocephala extracts possessed a strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research indicates that V. sphaerocephala could be considered as a potential source of natural compounds from the point of ethnopharmacological usage.

In-situ and controllable synthesis of graphene-gold nanoparticles/molecularly imprinted polymers composite modified electrode for sensitive and selective rutin detection

Identification and quantification of rutin is critical to pharmaceutical quality control and pharmacokinetic study. Herein, we report on a disposable electrochemical sensor based on in-situ and controllable synthesis of graphene (Gr)-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) composite modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for sensitive and selective rutin detection. Both Gr-AuNPs and MIPs were step by step formed on SPEs via electrochemical reduction and polymerization processes. The compositions, morphologies, and electrochemical properties of composite were investigated. After optimization of experimental conditions, the linear detection range recorded by the current responses of SPEs|Gr-AuNPs/MIPs electrode to rutin was 0.04 to 60.0 μM (R = 0.9988). A limit of detection of 0.014 μM (S/N = 3) was achieved. Due to the enhanced electrochemical performance resulting from synergistic effects of Gr-AuNPs and MIPs, the electrochemical sensor showed good anti-interference ability, long-term stability, and acceptable reproducibility. More, it was successfully employed to analyze rutin in medicinal tablets with good accuracy and recovery.

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic investigation of rutin in the leaves of Phoenix sylvestris in sequence with pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation

The current research aimed to investigate the pharmacognostical, phytochemical and quantification of rutin in leaves of Phoenix sylvestris by high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. Various extracts of the leaves of P. sylvestris were prepared in different solvents by cold maceration method. The extracts were subjected to various chemical tests for detection of various secondary metabolites as well as to determine the amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The methanolic extract was subjected to carry out quantification of rutin by HPTLC method. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), etc. Pharmacognostic study mainly covered the macroscopic and microscopic features of the leaves including powder microscopy. Qualitative analysis revealed the existence of certain chemical constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, organic acids and saponin glycosides. The methanolic extract of P. sylvestris showed LOD and LOQ for rutin as 125.01 ng/spot and 204.921 ng/spot, respectively. The amount of rutin was detected as 54.6 mg g-1 of extract.

Evaluation of In Vitro Solar Protection Factor (SPF), Antioxidant Activity, and Cell Viability of Mixed Vegetable Extracts from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinífera L.

The aim of this study was to validate a HPLC method for the assay of flavonoids in extracts obtained from natural sources, i.e., from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinífera L. The potential sun protecting effect, antioxidant activity, and cell viability of the extracts were also determined. Individual extracts (obtained from each individual species) and a mixed extract (containing the four extracts) were analyzed by the validated HPLC method for the identification of flavonoids and quantification of rutin and quercetin. An in vitro cell viability study was carried out using the neutral red method. The in vitro sun protection factor was determined by spectral transmittance and in vitro antioxidant efficacy was evaluated against DPPH, ABTS, and AAPH radicals. The HPLC method used for the identification and quantification of flavonoids in extracts exhibited linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Detection and quantification limits were, respectively, 2.881 ± 0.9 μg·mL−1 and 0.864 ± 0.9 μg·mL−1 for quercetin, and 30.09 ± 1 μg·mL−1 and 9.027 ± 1.1 μg·mL−1 for rutin. All extracts did not affect cell viability at the evaluated concentration range and exhibited a sun protection effect and antioxidant activity. Among the evaluated extracts, Ginkgo biloba L. and the mixed extract depicted the most expressive antioxidant activity. The mixed extract exhibited sunscreen protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) and a critical wavelength of 372.7 ± 0.1. Our results translate the enhanced flavonoids’ composition of the mixed extract, which may be a potential alternative over sunscreens and antioxidants in pharmaceutic/cosmetic formulations.

Study of the Selectivity and Bioactivity of Polyphenols Using Infrared Assisted Extraction from Apricot Pomace Compared to Conventional Methods.

The valorization of industrial food byproducts by means of environment-friendly extraction methods is becoming a major interest because of its environmental and economic values. In this study, the efficiency of many technologies, such as ultrasounds (US), microwaves (MW), and infrared (IR), was compared, in terms of polyphenol yield and bioactivity from apricot pomace. IR was the most effective method with the highest polyphenol (10 mg GAE/g DM), flavonoid (6 mg CE/g DM), and tannin (3.6 mg/L) yields. In terms of efficacy, IR was followed by MW, US, then solid-liquid (S/L) extraction. IR extract from apricot pomace exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all the studied gram-positive strains (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and a one gram-negative strain (Escherichia coli). Moreover, IR extracts had by far the highest antiradical activity (AC) (40%) followed by MW (31%), US (28%), and then S/L (15%). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) permitted the identification and quantification of rutin in all extracts; whereas catechin was detected in those of IR (3.1 μg/g DM), MW (2.1 μg/g DM), and US (1.5 μg/g DM). Epicatechin was exclusively found in IR extract (4 μg/g DM), suggesting the selectivity of IR towards this compound. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the IR technique induced the highest cellular and structural damage in apricot pomace, which could explain the effectiveness of this technology.

Determination of Rutin in Drinks Using an Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes-Prussian Blue

A new sensor was developed using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Prussian blue (PB) coated with chitosan. The modified electrode allowed the oxidation and reduction of rutin at 0.25 and 0.096 V, respectively, with a ΔE of 0.154 V. Furthermore, the peak currents increase nearly 100% compared with the electrode without modification. The process was more reversible compared with the electrode modified with only SWCNTs or PB. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the modified electrode surface. The quantification of rutin was more sensitive with adsorptive stripping voltammetry than with anodic stripping voltammetry. Adsorption potential, adsorption time and pH were optimized based on the oxidation of rutin: Eads =–0.10 V, tads = 60 s, pH 3.0. The detection limit (3σ/b) was 0.01 μM and the relative standard derivation was 3%. The new sensor was used in the quantification of rutin in black tea, coffee and synthetic drink of tea with satisfactory results.

Rheum turkestanicum reduces glutamate toxicity in PC12 and N2a cell lines.

Glutamate is considered to be responsible for the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is considered to be involved in the glutamate-induced apoptosis process. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Rheum turkestanicum in the glutamate-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12 cells) and mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cell lines. Rutin as an antioxidant was used as positive control. Glutamate cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, ROS generation and apoptosis induction. However, pretreatment with the root extract of R. turkestanicum significantly reduced MDA content, ROS generation and apoptotic cell death. Also rutin at adose of 100 µM reduced ROS production and protected against glutamate toxicity. Also the quantification of rutin in R. turkestanicum extract was achieved and was about 0.11% ± 0.01 w/w. All these findings indicated that R. turkestanicum protected PC12 and N2a cells against glutamate-induced oxidative cell death and apoptosis and might raise the possibility of R. turkestanicum usage as aneuroprotective agent.

Quantification of rutin and quercetin by HPTLC/HPLC and in vitro immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of Capparis moonii fruits extracts

Background: The current research was undertaken on dried fruits of Capparis moonii to screen its potential for immunomodulatory and cancer indications with identification of phytoconstituents by chromatographic techniques.Methods: Methanolic (MECN), hydro-methanolic (HMECN) and aqueous extracts (AQCN) of Capparis moonii were subjected to high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after studying the total phenolic and flavonoid content by using rutin and gallic acid as standards respectively as well as undertaking powder characteristics and preliminary phytochemical screening. Immunomodulatory activities covered were hemagglutination antibody titre and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction with the aid of sheep red blood cells (0.5×109) as antigens. The extracts were studied for antioxidant potential. Anticancer prospects were focusing on in vitro cell lines screening (MCF 7 and HCT 15) by Sulforhodamine B assay method and potato disc assay.Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid content of MECM, HMECM and AQCM fruits extracts were found to be 0.20, 0.11 and 0.47 mg of gallic acid/g and 78.3, 18.8 and 64.4 mg of rutin/g respectively. Rutin and quercetin were confirmed by HPTLC and HPLC showing well resolved peaks. IC50 values in antioxidant studies were found to be significant with all the extracts. Significant immunomodulatory effect was noticed at 200mg/kg in both models (high antibody titre levels and decrease paw volume after 48 h). Unsatisfactory results were observed with selected cell lines and disc assay.Conclusions: Thus, selected fruits may probably have immunomodulatory potential due to presence of flavonols (rutin and quercetin).

Influence of extraction process on antioxidant activity and rutin content in Physalis peruviana calyces extract

Physalis peruviana is an exotic fruit highly valued for its bioactive compounds. This work evaluates the effect of some variables of the extraction process of P. peruviana calyces (considered waste material) on total phenolic content, rutin content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained. First, the influence of certain factors of the extraction process on the above mentioned response variables were analyzed. The response variables were then evaluated using in vitro assays such as NO (nitric oxide) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) uptake for antioxidant activity; the Folin-Ciocalteu method for total phenolic content; and the external standard method by HPLC-DAD for quantification of rutin. The results showed that the optimal conditions needed to obtain the best results for the response variables evaluated are the use of ethanol 70% as extraction solvent, and a percolation time of 72 hours, these being the factors that positively influenced the results.

Quantification of rutin in rat's brain by UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS after intranasal administration of rutin loaded chitosan nanoparticles.

Rutin (RT), an antioxidant drug, has been utilized to treat cerebral ischemia hence a sensitive quantification method for estimation of RT in brain homogenate is necessary to develop. This study aims to prepare RT loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (RT-CS-NPs) develop and validate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-synapt mass spectrometric method Synapt Mass Spectrometry (Synapt MS) (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for quantification of RT in brain homogenate from Wistar rat. The process of chromatographic separation was carried out on Waters ACQUITY UPLC™ with the components of separation in detail as; column: BEH C-18 with dimension as 2.1 mm×100 mm and particle size 1.7 µm, mobile phase: acetonitrile (85 % v/v/v): 2 mM ammonium formate (15 % v/v/v): formic acid (0.1 % v/v/v) and flow rate: 0.25 mL/min. Liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE), in mixture, i.e. ethyl acetate:acetonitrile, was considered to optimize the recovery of analyte from the brain homogenate of Wistar rat. Over a total run time of 5 minutes, the elution time for RT and internal standard (IS), i.e. Tolbutamide, observed was 2.67 and 2.82 min respectively whereas the transition observed for RT and IS was at m/z 611.1023/303.1071 and 271.1263/155.1073, respectively. Results, regarding various processes and parameters studied for RT as summarized, established a linear dynamic range over a concentration range of 1.00 ng/mL - 1000.0 ng/mL with r2; 0.9991±0.0010. Accuracy for intra and inter-assay in terms of % CV revealed a range of 0.45- 2.11 whereas lower limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) observed was 0.09 ng/mL and 0.142 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte stability as well as method specificity and accuracy, i.e. recovery > 86 %, supports the idea for application of current developed method in order to quantify and evaluate the RT-loaded-CS-NPs for RT determination in brain homogenate after intranasal drug delivery.

Application of HPCCC, UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3 and HPLC-PDA methods for rapid, one-step preparative separation and quantification of rutin in Forsythia flowers

In this study, the flowers of Forsythia × intermedia, Forsythia suspensa and Forsythia ovata are presented as valued raw materials for isolation of rutin, an industrial and pharmacologically active flavonoid. An efficient strategy based on three high-performance chromatographic techniques was established to screen and purify the target compound from the plant matrices. In the first step, an UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3 assay documented the relatively simple phytochemical profiles of the flower extracts and led to the identification of ten polyphenols classified as caffeoyl acid derivatives, flavonoids, phenylethanoids and lignans, with rutin as the major constituent. Significant levels of rutin (20.0–57.6mg/g dw) were found in the flowers by the validated HPLC-PDA method, with the highest values observed for F. suspensa. Finally, a novel, fast, single-step HPCCC method was developed and successfully applied for the separation of rutin from the plant samples. The ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (4:1:5, v/v/v) was selected as the optimum two-phase solvent system for both analytical and preparative normal (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) HPCCC separations. Under optimal RP-HPCCC conditions, 155 mg of the crude methanol extract was separated in a single 50min run, yielding 14.6mg of rutin with 97.2% HPLC purity and 95.9% recovery. The process efficiency of the HPCCC rutin isolation was demonstrated to be superior to the existing HSCCC methods. The results indicated the usefulness of Forsythia flowers and the developed RP-HPCCC methodology for practical and commercial applications.

Antiinflammatory effects of Viola tricolor gel in a model of sunburn in rats and the gel stability study

Ethnopharmacological relevanceViola tricolor, popularly known as heartsease has been empirically used in several skin disorders, including burns. Aim of the studyThe objective of this study was investigate the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect of a gel containing extract of Viola tricolor flowers on thermal burn induced by UVB irradiation and to perform gel stability study. MethodsThe antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect were evaluated by static and dynamic mechanical allodynia model, paw edema, and neutrophilic cell infiltration. Metabolites compounds were quantified by HPLC. The gel stability study was performed analyzing organoleptical aspects, besides pH, viscosity, and quantification of rutin by HPLC. ResultsIn the results were evidenced changes in threshold in statical and dynamic mechanical allodynia (Imax=100±10% and 49±10%, respectively), paw edema (Imax=61±6%), and myeloperoxidase activity (Imax=89±5%). Such effects may be attributed, in part, to rutin, salicylic and chlorogenic acids, and others compounds found in this species. No important changes were detected in the stability study, in all aspects analyzed in temperature below 25°C. ConclusionThese findings suggest that Viola tricolor gel has an antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect in the ultraviolet-B-induced burn, since maintain the temperature below 25°C.

Estimation of in vitro neuroprotective properties and quantification of rutin and fatty acids in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivated in Turkey

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is a popular food crop plant from Polygonaceae. In this study, we investigated the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the seed, stem, and aerial parts of the plant for their neuroprotective effect through acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was measured using the scavenging activity tests against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals and the metal-related methods; metal-chelating capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were calculated spectrophotometrically. Chemical composition of the seed oil was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and rutin was quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The extracts were more active against butyrylcholinesterase and highly able to scavenge DPPH. The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts and the ethanol extract of the stems displayed a remarkable effect in the FRAP assay. None of the extracts had capacity to chelate the iron. According to LC–MS analysis, the richest plant part in terms of rutin was found to be the aerial parts. GC–MS analysis revealed that the seed oil was dominated by oleic (33.15%), linoleic (31.93%), and palmitic (13.15%) acids.

Extraction of Flavonoids and Quantification of Rutin from waste Tobacco Leaves

The potential of tobacco waste as a viable source of medicinally important flavonoids like rutin has been investigated. Three flavonoids, apigenin, quercetin and rutin, have been isolated from waste tobacco leaves, and their identities have been confirmed by UV-visible, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. By using analytical HPLC, the amount of rutin present in the tobacco leaves, before and after fermentation, and also in waste tobacco leaves, has been determined as 1.5, 0.5 and 0.6%, respectively.

Screening of 50 medicinal plant extracts for quercetin-3-rutinoside

The flavonoid rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside), is a flavonol glycoside comprised of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Objectives: In this study, using HPLC-ED system, quantification of rutin was carried out in different extracts of medicinal plants. Methods: Analyses of rutin were performed on the leaves and flowers of 50 medicinal plants from Bosnia of rue, buckwheat, rose, sage, calendula mariogold, chamomile, elder, dandelion, feverfew, lemon balm, linden, thyme, valerian, stinging nettle, cloves, dog rose, pansy, parsley, cowslip, rose e.t.c. Rutin was extracted with hot water. Supernatant was used for analyses. The standard solution was rutin. HPLC conditions: Mobile phase methanol-acetonitrile-HPLC water-acetic acid (20+10+70+1); Potential: +0.840 V; Flow rate 0.8ml/min; Column: ODS hypersil. Results: Content of rutin (mg/g) was highest in the leaves of rue (86.0) and follow flowers of buckwheat (53.5), the leaves from buckwheat (20.0), flowers of pansy (33.5) and flowers of rose (10.0). In all other plants the content of rutin was lower than 0.5mg/g. The lowest content rutin found in the leaves lemon balm 0.25mg/g. Conclusion: The high concentration of rutin in flowers and leaves of rue, buckwheat, pansy and rose give more importance to rue, buckwheat, pansy and rose as medicinal and diet plants for theirs use to decreasing of capillary fragility.

Quantification of rutin in some plants of family Lamiaceae using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Rutin is the glycoside of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose widely distributed in various medicinal plants. Objectives: In this study, using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) system, quantitative analysis of rutin was carried out in water extracts of sage, mint, rosemary, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus serpyllum L., and Thymus sibthorii Benth.), marjoram, oregano, and lemon balm. Method: The drug (1g) was powdered and extracted with pure water (9ml). Afterward 1ml of that extract was decanted and centrifuged. Supernatant was used for analysis. The standard solution was rutin dissolved in pure water. HPLC conditions were following: Mobile phase methanol-acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (20+10+70+1); ED detector with range 50nA, potential +0.840 V, filter 0.02Hz; flow rate 1ml/min; temperature 25°C. Results: The amounts of rutin in mg/g were: sage 11.8, mint 1.92, rosemary 1.61, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. 24.9, Thymus serpyllum L. 9.0, Thymus sibthorii Benth. 22.64), marjoram 4.44, oregano 11.16, and lemon balm 0.25. Conclusion: The highest amount of rutin was in Thymus vulgaris L. following Thymus sibthorii Benth., and sage.