Quantification Of Ellagic Acid Research Articles

Phytochemical Screening and Quantification of Ellagic Acid in Cliestanthus collinus using RP-HPLC-DAD Method and its Insecticidal Activity against Stored Grain Pests

Phytochemical Screening and Quantification of Ellagic Acid in Cliestanthus collinus using RP-HPLC-DAD Method and its Insecticidal Activity against Stored Grain Pests

Synthesis of Boronate Affinity-Based Oriented Dummy Template-Imprinted Magnetic Nanomaterials for Rapid and Efficient Solid-Phase Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Food.

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol and possesses excellent in vivo bioactivity and antioxidant behaviors, which play an important role in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cancer. Additionally, EA is also known as a skin-whitening ingredient. The content of EA would determine its efficacy. Therefore, the accurate analysis of EA content can provide more information for the scientific consumption of EA-rich foods and cosmetics. Nevertheless, the analysis of EA in these samples is challenging due to the low concentration level and the presence of interfering components with high abundance. Molecularly imprinted polymers are highly efficient pretreatment materials in achieving specific recognition of target molecules. However, the traditional template molecule (EA) could not be absolutely removed. Hence, template leakage continues to occur during the sample preparation process, leading to a lack of accuracy in the quantification of EA in actual samples, particularly for trace analytes. In addition, another drawback of EA as an imprinting template is that EA possesses poor solubility and a high price. Gallic acid (GA), called dummy templates, was employed for the synthesis of MIPs as a solution to these challenges. The approach used in this study was boronate affinity-based oriented surface imprinting. The prepared dummy-imprinted nanoparticles exhibited several significant advantages, such as good specificity, high binding affinity ((4.89 ± 0.46) × 10-5 M), high binding capacity (6.56 ± 0.35 mg/g), fast kinetics (6 min), and low binding pH (pH 5.0) toward EA. The reproducibility of the dummy-imprinted nanoparticles was satisfactory. The dummy-imprinted nanoparticles could still be reused even after six adsorption-desorption cycles. In addition, the recoveries of the proposed method for EA at three spiked levels of analysis in strawberry and pineapple were 91.0-106.8% and 93.8-104.0%, respectively, which indicated the successful application to real samples.

Mini-Review of Analytical Methods used in Quantification of Ellagic Acid

Abstract Ellagic acid is an important phytochemical present in different plants such as Strawberry, Grapes, Blackberry, Raspberry etc. Chemically, ellagic acid is 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxychromeno [5, 4, 3-cde] chromene-5, 10-dione. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the dimerization of gallic acid molecules by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonization. Ellagic acid has been reported for various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic etc. Various analytical methods based on spectrophotometry, chromatography, hyphenated techniques, capillary zone electrophoresis etc. have been developed for identification and quantification of ellagic acid in natural sources and formulations. The present review provides detailed information on quantitative analysis of ellagic acid present in Strawberry, Grapes, Blackberry, Raspberry, Cranberry; Syzygium cumini seed extract, Woodfordia fruticosa plant extract, Potentilla species extracts etc. It also focuses on analytical methods for quantification of ellagic acid in herbal and traditional formulations such as Ashwagandharishta, Triphala churna, Dhatrinisha churna, Arjunarishta, Manjisthadi churna.

Natural production and quantification of ellagic acid in multiple plant parts of three Terminalia spp.

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenol antioxidant, found in multiple fruits. Chemically, it is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid. Owing to its immensely beneficial anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anticancerous activities, it needs to be quantified in natural resources. An effective densitometric high-performance liquid chromatography (HPTLC) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of ellagic acid from different plant parts of Terminalia arjuna, T. bellerica, and T. chebula. The method was validated for intra-and inter-day precision, reproducibility, and specificity. The intraday precision and interday precision was 1.5% and 1.2% relative standard deviation (RSD), respectively. The reproducibility of standard EA was precise and the seven lanes provided similar banding pattern. The linearity curve for the EA produced a correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.98992, with regression equation Y=6330.441+935.150*X, and with a standard deviation value of 4.59%. For chromatogram development, toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5: 5: 2.5) was optimized as mobile phase. With the exception of fruits of T. bellerica, all the plant parts of all three species contain a significant amount of EA; the highest EA content being (0.733 μg/μg dry weight) found in the roots of T. bellerica. In this study, the proposed HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of EA was conducted in a simple, sensitive, specific, and precise manner that can be recommended for routine quality control and quantification of EA in plant materials.

Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Ellagic Acid in Terminalia bellirica Extract and Single Herb Capsule of Terminalia bellirica

Abstract: Objective: The present work describes development and validation of a simple, specific, sensitive, precise, reproducible and robust high performance liquid chromatographic method of analysis of Ellagic acid, as in Terminalia bellirica extract and from capsule formulation. A validated rapid HPLC–PDA method was developed for identification and quantification of Ellagic acid (EA) in the extracts prepared from the fruits of Terminalia bellirica available in India. Methodology: The separation was achieved on a Waters HPLC system coupled with a PDA detector. The separation was achieved by using mobile phase in composition of n-Hexane sulfonic acid (20 mM) and 100% Methanol (Gradient programme) at flow rate of 0.7 ml/min was used. Results: The retention time for Ellagic acid was found to be 21 min. The system suitability parameters were calculated and were found to be within limits. Linear relationship was obtained between response and amount of drug with high correlation coefficient (R2) in the range 250-750 ppm for Ellagic acid (R2=0.9998).The results of formulation analysis were validated as per International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines indicating high degree of accuracy. Conclusion: The % R.S.D. value which is less than to 2 for robustness study suggests that the developed HPLC methods are unaffected by small changes in process parameters. Key words: Terminalia bellirica, Ellagic acid, RP-HPLC, Validation, ICH Guidelines.

Phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Spondias mombin leaves

Spondias mombin L., Anacardiaceae, is a plant native of Brazil, where it is known as “cajá”. In order to find a potential application for this native species, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the in vivo model carrageenan-induced peritonitis in mice. The in vitro antioxidant potential as well the cytotoxicity against 3T3 fibroblast cells also were evaluated. Through High Performance Liquid Chromatography-diode array detector analysis, an analytic method was developed and validated. It allowed the identification and quantification of ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid in hydroethanolic extract of S. mombin leaves. This extract showed anti-inflammatory effect at 100, 200, 300 and 500mg/kg, however, the ethyl acetate fraction, at 200mg/kg, showed the highlighted results. Ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) also inhibited the leukocyte migration to the site of inflammation. The extract, fractions and compounds showed significant antioxidant potential when evaluated in different assays. The results shown in this work suggest the anti-inflammatory potential of the leaf extract of S. mombim on peritonitis model induced by carrageenan, it was also observed antioxidant properties associated with an absence of cytotoxicity in cell culture. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm the anti-inflammatories action of S. mombin and its possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action.

Development of chemo-genetic fingerprints and pharmacological evaluation of Lannea coromandelica Linn.

Correct identification of medicinal plants by phytochemical and genetic fingerprints is a fast growing tool to ensure reproducible medicinal quality of herbal drugs. Due to advances in molecular biology techniques, copious highly informative DNA-based methods have been developed for the identification of medicinal plants. In our current study, HPTLC and Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) techniques were employed to develop fingerprinting of Lannea coromandelica (L. coromandelica) and filariciadal activity of ethyl acetate extract was assessed by motility inhibition and MTT reduction assay with concentrations range 1000 to 25 µg/ml. The HPTLC analysis of ethyl acetate extract was carried out using hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (5:4:1:0.5 v/v/v/v) for fingerprinting and quantification of ellagic acid and quercetin. The HPTLC method was found to give compact spots for Rf= 0.54, ellagic acid; Rf= 0.91, quercetin. The HPTLC method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the matK gene was developed to discriminate L. coromandelica from others. Only the 578-bp PCR product from L. coromandelica could be digested with restricted enzyme (SsspI) into two fragments of 364 and 214-bp. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the plant extract was found to be 284.5 µg/ml. In the motility assay, complete inhibition of motility was observed for all concentrations. Hence, our study could be valuable for inventing strategies for quality control parameter and primary screening of new potential filaricides of L. coromandelica.

Seasonal variation of the main individual phenolics and juglone in walnut (Juglans regia) leaves

Context: Walnut [Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)] is a rich source of phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, naphtoquinones and flavonoids. The increasing interest in the powerful biological activities of plant phenolics has outlined the necessity of determining their content in leaves of different walnut cultivars.Objective: In this study, walnut leaves from walnut cultivars, originating from the same orchard and from the same year of production, were analyzed for their content in ellagic acid, rutin, myricetin and juglone. In addition, the seasonal variation of these major individual phenolics from June to August was determined.Materials and methods: An HPLC method was used for identification and quantification of ellagic acid, rutin, myricetin and juglone contained in the methanol extract of walnut leaves in nine different cultivars grown under the same agricultural, geographical and climatic conditions.Results: Cultivars and sampling date had statistically significant influence on the phenolics contents in walnut leaves. The results showed that ellagic acid, rutin, myricetin and juglone were more abundant in July 15th samples (average content is 84.62 mg/100 g FW, 98.9 mg/100 g FW, 178.09 mg/100 g FW and 73.81 mg/100 g FW, respectively). Their contents increases similarly in all the cultivars; therefore, the walnut leaves should preferentially be collected until early August, when phenolics content is higher.Discussion and conclusion: The results reported here show that genotype and its interaction with the environment could make significant differences in leaf polyphenols. Walnut leaves may become a noticeable source of compounds with health protective potential.

Quantification of ellagic acid in cosmetic products by using a partially preanodized screen-printed carbon electrode coupled with flow injection analysis.

A partially preanodized screen-printed carbon electrode (PSPCE*) coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA) was developed to raise the selectivity of ellagic acid (EA). To confirm the effectiveness of partial preanodization, two pretreated screen-printed carbon electrodes were electrochemically compared. One was a PSPCE* fabricated by potential cycling (-1.0 - +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) to make the electrode surface partially preanodized and the other was a SPCE* fabricated by a high treatment potential (+2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Cyclic voltammograms showed that the catalytic current of EA was observed at both the PSPCE* and SPCE*. No catalytic current of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G) and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) was observed at the PSPCE*. The PSPCE* selectively detected EA. The factors, which influence the EA response current, have previously been discussed. At the detection limit (0.012 ppm, S/N = 3), the linear calibration plot (R2 = 0.998) was attained for 0.1-50 ppm of EA solutions. A relative standard deviation of 4.37 and 3.90% was conducted for consecutive injections (n = 10) of 1 and 50 ppm EA, respectively. Finally, a practical application of the proposed method was demonstrated by the quantitative analysis of EA in skin whitening creams, and good recovery was obtained.

Quantification of Ellagic Acid, Gallic Acid and Picroside-I from Phalatrikadi kvatha churna by HPTLC

Objective: Phytochemical evaluation of an ayurvedic formulation Phalatrikadi kvatha churna and establishment of multiple marker based methods for its standardization using marker compounds/biomarkers viz . picroside-I, gallic acid and ellagic acid. Materials and methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis, development of fingerprint profiles and estimation of picroside - I, gallic acid and ellagic acid from the authentic sample and two market samples of the formulation. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and sterols. The solvent systems developed for establishing fingerprint profiles and picroside-I, gallic acid, and ellagic acid gave good resolution of these compounds from the other components of the extract. The HPTLC methods developed for the estimation of marker compounds were validated in terms of instrumental precision, accuracy and repeatability. Picroside-I content of the authentic sample was found to be 0.16 %, whereas the two market samples contained very less picroside-I (~0.038%). The amount of gallic acid in the authentic sample was found to be 0.78%, while the other two market samples contained only about half the amount. The amount of ellagic acid in the authentic sample was found to be 0.12%, while the market samples contained 0.085% and 0.065% of free ellagic acid respectively. Conclusion: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of Phalatrikadi kvatha churna was carried out for multimarker based standardization using picroside-I, gallic acid, and ellagic acid by HPTLC. The TLC fingerprint profiles and TLC densitometric methods for the quantification of different markers can be used in the quality control of the formulation. The TLC densitometric methods developed can also be adopted for the quantification of these marker compounds in other preparations as well.

Pharmacokinetic study of ellagic acid in rat after oral administration of pomegranate leaf extract

Quantification of ellagic acid, the principal bioactive component of pomegranate leaf extract, in rats plasma following oral administration of pomegranate leaf extract was achieved by using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The calibration curve for ellagic acid was linear ( r 2=0.9998) ver the concentration range 0.026–1.3 μg/ml. The intra- and inter-day assays of ellagic acid from rat plasma were less than 6.52% at concentration range from 26 to 1300 ng/ml and good overall recoveries (94.5–102.4%) were found on same concentrations. The concentration–time profile was fitted with an open two-compartment system with lag time and its max concentration of ellagic acid in plasma was 213 ng/ml only 0.55 h after oral administration extract 0.8 g/kg. The pharmacokinetic profile indicates that ellagic acid has poor absorption and rapid elimination after oral administration pomegranate leaf extract, and part of it was absorbed from stomach.