Quality Supervision Research Articles

Design and Development of Qingyang Sachet for Current Lifestyle

Background and Aims: China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ) Wen (No. 39 of 2014) states that Qingyang Sachets is a long-established embroidery treasure. It is handmade with fresh and elegant spices and colorful silk threads, possessing a unique mood. With rich shapes and exquisite designs, Qingyang Sachets pray for good luck to avoid evil, pray for good health to wish for longevity, and hold the wishes of love and prosperity, reflecting all kinds of beautiful visions of life. As one of China's national intangible cultural heritages, it is an important carrier of China's traditional folk culture and has rich historical and cultural significance. However, with the changes of the times and people's lifestyles, the traditional Qingyang Sachets can no longer fully meet the needs of modern people. The purpose of this study is to design new styles and functions of the Qingyang Sachets for Generation Y and Generation Z. The first step of this study is to analyze the text and questionnaires. Methodology: The study starts with text analysis and a questionnaire survey. Classification and purposive sampling of Qingyang Sachets were carried out, traditional and modern Qingyang Sachets were compared and analyzed, and descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques were used for data collection and quantitative and qualitative research. We collected 306 questionnaires and optimized the new design scheme of Qingyang Sachets with the results of the questionnaires. Results: The new program adheres to the principle of "keeping the right and innovation", and strives to enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of Qingyang Sachets in the market, and to protect and inherit the non-heritage culture. This study also provides a theoretical basis for the product design literature of Qingyang Sachets and practical insights for designers to meet the needs of young consumers. Conclusion: The new program intends to provide young consumers with useful insights and a theoretical foundation for product design, all while enhancing Qingyang Sachets' market attractiveness, competitiveness, and heritage preservation.

The impact of venture capital subscription on price deviation of private placement: evidence from China

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of venture capital (VC) in supporting corporate growth and innovation through participation in private placements. While VC provides essential financial support to companies, it remains unclear whether this involvement serves a strategic investment role or a purely financial one. This study seeks to elucidate the role of VC by analyzing changes in the price discount of private placements following VC participation. Design/methodology/approach The authors take the private placement events of China A share listed companies from April 2005 to January 2023 as the sample, and examine the influence of VC subscriptions on price discount rate. Findings VC subscriptions to private placements increase information asymmetry, consequently raising the discount rate. This relationship is influenced by the transaction characteristics and information environment. Specifically, VC subscriptions further elevate the discount rate when VC are geographically dispersed from the issuers, possess industry expertise in the issuers’ sector, allocate raised funds for asset restructuring or non-digital investments and when the issuers are in their growth stages. Moreover, the positive correlation between VC subscriptions and the discount rate is more pronounced under conditions of lower internal control quality and weaker external media supervision. Higher discount rates in VC-subscribed private placements result in lower R&D investment and investment efficiency by the issuers, leading to larger-scale VC sell-offs and ultimately diminishing the market and financial performance of the issuers. Practical implications The issuers should diligently assess the behaviors and motives of VC and selectively choose issuance targets and methods to manage risks associated with price deviations in private placements. Additionally, this study recommends that regulatory authorities develop a more detailed regulatory framework that considers transaction characteristics and the information environment. This strategy should help optimize external regulatory measures like media coverage and protect the interests of small and medium-sized investors. Originality/value This study extends research on the “name chasing” motive and certification effect of VC in private placements, enriches the literature on the mechanisms forming discount rates and provides insights for refining regulatory policies on private placements.

Challenges associated with supervision of undergraduate research projects by nurse educators in South Africa

Successful nursing research is determined by the quality of research supervision by nurse educators. This study aimed to explore challenges encountered by educators when implementing research supervision for undergraduate nursing students. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research design was employed through semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from twenty-seven participants who were selected purposefully from four nursing campuses located in two provinces. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data in the study. The study found that inadequate nurse educators’ research supervision skills, lack of students’ commitment to research activities, inadequate infrastructure, staff shortage and time constraints were identified as challenges. It is recommended that novice nursing research supervisors should be guided on how to supervise research students and be taught the importance of research.

The Effect of Safety Training and Supervision on The Use of Personal Protective Equipment Which Has Implications on Work Safety in Loading and Unloading at Maccini Baji Port, Maros, South Sulawesi

This study aims to analyze the influence of training and safety supervision on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its implications for loading and unloading safety at Maccini Baji Port, Maros, South Sulawesi. The issues addressed include the low awareness and compliance of workers in using PPE and the lack of adequate safety supervision. The research population consists of 155 employees and dockworkers at the port, with a saturated sampling technique used. The research method employed is quantitative, with data collected through questionnaires and observations. Data analysis was conducted using the SMART PLS method. The results show that training and safety supervision have a positive and significant effect on the use of PPE, which also has a positive implication for loading and unloading safety. Training proved to be effective through the instructor dimension, while safety supervision was greatly influenced by the accuracy of measurement. In conclusion, improving the quality of training and supervision can enhance compliance with PPE usage and work safety at the port. Managerial recommendations include increasing the frequency of training, maintaining equipment, and regularly supervising PPE usage by introducing more accurate and modern monitoring technologies.

Legal Standards for Selenium Enriched Foods and Agricultural Products: Domestic and International Perspectives.

Background/Objectives: Selenium is indispensable for human health, yet vast regions worldwide grapple with selenium-deficient soils, rendering dietary intake a critical avenue for supplementation. This narrative review aims to systematically examine and compare domestic and international regulations and standards related to selenium enrichment, providing insights to enhance regulatory frameworks and standardization within the selenium-enrichment industry. Methods: From June to September 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of official websites belonging to international organizations (e.g., Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Union) and governmental agencies of countries such as China and the United States. Keywords, like "selenium enrichment", "selenium standards", and "selenium detection methods", were employed to identify pertinent regulations, standards, and guidelines encompassing intake benchmarks, detection methodologies, product specifications, technical guidelines for production, labeling requirements, and certification management norms. Results: Our analysis reveals several challenges within the current selenium-enriched regulatory and standardization systems, including inconsistent product determination criteria and limit settings, incomplete technical guidelines for selenium-enriched agricultural production, and a lack of unified regulations for labeling selenium-enriched agricultural products. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for harmonization of standards and enhanced regulatory oversight. To address these issues, we recommend bolstering safety risk assessments for selenium-enriched agricultural products, establishing and refining a comprehensive standard system for selenium-enriched agriculture, and intensifying quality and safety supervision. This study offers a valuable reference for policymakers and stakeholders to promote the sustainable development of the selenium-enrichment industry.

Decoding wheat contamination through self-assembled whole-cell biosensor combined with linear and non-linear machine learning algorithms

The contamination of mycotoxins is a serious problem around the world. It has detrimental effects on human beings and leads to tremendous economic loss. It is essential to develop a rapid and non-destructive method for contamination recognition particularly for early alarm. In this study, the whole-cell biosensor array was constructed and employed for rapid recognition of wheat contamination by combining with machine learning algorithms. Seven key VOCs were explored through univariate coupling to multivariate analysis of orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) models. The promoters of dnaK, katG, oxyR, soxS obtained from the stress-responsive of key VOCs were fused to the bacterial operon and fabricated on the whole-cell biosensor. The constructed whole-cell biosensor array was consisted with four kinds of sensors and 18 sensor unit. The bioluminescent intensity combined with linear machine learning algorithm of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and non-linear algorithms of back propagating artificial neural network (BP-ANN) and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) were employed to establish discrimination models for mold contamination especially for early warning. The Monte-Carlo strategy was performed to generate thirty subsets for modeling to give more reliable results. As a result, the whole-cell biosensor combined with non-linear algorithm of LS-SVM was practicable for detecting mold identification for wheat early-warning with the accuracy of 97.24%. Additionally, this study provides practical and effective methods not only for wheat quality guarantee and supervision but also for other foodstuffs.

UTILIZATION OF CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SUB COUNTY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

School infrastructure is a key pillar for effective learning process in any educational institution. The purpose of this study was to utilization of classroom environment affect academic performance in Sub County level secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. This study was guided by Production theory. The study was guided by pragmatism philosophy and adopts descriptive survey research design. The study area was carried out in Uasin Gishu County. The target population of the study was 18960 respondents. Stratified simple random and purposive sampling was employed to select the respondents. The sample size was 530 respondents comprising of 48 principals, 97 teachers, 384 students and a Quality Assurance and Standards Officer The data collection instruments were questionnaire, interview schedules and observation check list. A pilot study was carried out in five public schools in the neighboring Trans Nzoia County to check on the consistence of the instruments. The researcher yielded both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics that resulted in percentages and frequencies that were represented in tables, pie charts and bar graphs and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Therefore, from the research findings based on the multiple regression models, the coefficient of determination (R squared) of 0.441 showed that 44.1% of the variation in student performance was explained by the utilization of selected school infrastructure. The study found out that the classroom environment influenced academic performance. The study concluded that the more conducive the classroom environment the higher the academic performance. The research recommended that sub county level secondary schools management in Uasin Gishu County should develop infrastructural development initiatives to solve the inadequacy of these facilities and enhance their utilization in the schools. There should be consistent routine supervision of quality of facilities in schools done by the government to ensure that schools are operating with good facilities that would help the learners. KEY WORDS: School infrastructure utilization of classroom environment, academic performance

Economic and Environmental Effects of Farmers’ Green Production Behaviors: Evidence from Major Rice-Producing Areas in Jiangxi Province, China

This study examines the economic and environmental impacts of green production practices among farmers. It aims to contribute to sustainable agricultural development, mitigate agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, and align environmental protection with economic growth. This paper utilizes survey data from 1345 farm households in the main rice production areas of Jiangxi Province, China, using the example of reduced fertilizer application (RFA) among rice farmers. This study constructs a slack-based measure data envelopment analysis (DEA—SBM) model with undesirable outputs to measure environmental effects and applies an endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) to test the economic and environmental effects of farmers’ adoption of green production technologies. We found the following: (1) The RFA behavior of farmers has a significant positive impact on their net profit per hectare (NPH), helping farmers increase their income, with the increase ranging from 2.05% to 6.54%. (2) Farmers’ RFA behavior has a significant positive impact on agricultural green productivity (AGP), contributing to the improvement of the environment, ranging from 44.09% to 45.35%. (3) A heterogeneity analysis found inconsistencies in the income-enhancing and environmental-enhancing effects at different quantiles of NPH and AGP. Therefore, attention should be placed on improving the agricultural product quality supervision system under the market circulation mechanism, creating land scale conditions conducive to the promotion and application of fertilizer reduction technologies and promoting the implementation of externality internalization compensation systems.

Supervisi Pendidikan di Sekolah Inklusif: Tantangan dan Solusinya

Educational supervision in inclusive schools faces various challenges, particularly in addressing the diverse needs of students, the lack of specialized training for teachers, and the limitations of resources and supporting facilities. The aim of this research is to identify the challenges of supervision in inclusive schools and to seek effective solutions to improve the quality of supervision within the context of inclusive education. This study employs a library research method, using data sources from books, journals, and relevant previous studies. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively through literature review. The findings indicate that enhancing teacher competency through continuous training, implementing collaborative supervision methods, and strengthening supporting facilities are effective solutions to address the challenges of supervision in inclusive schools. In conclusion, educational supervision in inclusive schools can operate more optimally when supported by a comprehensive approach, both in terms of teacher competency development and the provision of adequate facilities

Rapid discrimination and quantification of chemotypes in Perillae folium using FT-NIR spectroscopy and GC–MS combined with chemometrics

Perillae Folium (PF) is a well-known food and herb containing different chemotypes, which affect its quality. Herein, a method was proposed to classify and quantify PF chemotypes using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier transform-near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). GC–MS results revealed that PF contains several chemotypes, including perilla ketone (PK) type, α-asarone (PP-as) type, and dillapiole (PP-dm) type, with the PK type being the predominant chemotype. Based on FT-NIR data, different chemotypes were accurately classified. The random forest algorithm achieved >90 % accuracy in chemotype classification. Furthermore, the main components of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone in PF were successfully quantified using partial least squares regression models, with prediction to deviation values of 3.76 and 2.59, respectively. This method provides valuable insights and references for the quality supervision of PF and other foods.

Digital identification and adulteration analysis of bupleurum chinense and bupleurum marginatum based on "digital identity" and UHPLC-QTOF-MSE

Background and objectivesone of the legal sources of Bupleuri Radix (BR) is the Bupleurum chinense (BC), rather than the Bupleurum marginatum (BM). However, fake incidents of BM mixed with BC often occur in the market, which makes it more difficult to supervise the quality of BR and even endanger the life and health of patients. To strengthen the quality control and supervision of BP, we carried out digital identification and adulteration analysis of BC and BM based on the "digital identity" and UHPLC-QTOF-MSE. Methodfirstly, the BC and BM were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MSE to obtain the quantized data characterization of chemical components. Secondly, the shared ions were extracted from different batches of BC and BM's control medicinal materials as their "data representation of ions", respectively. Then, the data matrices of unique ions of BC relative to BM and BM relative to BC were screened out, and the Top-N ions were outputted as the "digital identities" of BC and BM, sorted by ionic strength. Finally, the above "digital identities" of BC and BM were used as benchmarks for matching positive samples and commercial samples to feedback on matching credibility (MC). Resultsthe results showed that based on the "digital identities" of BC and BM, the digital identification of BC, BM, and positive samples can be realized efficiently and accurately at the individual level of Chinese medicine, even if 3 % of BM in the mixed samples can still be identified efficiently and accurately. 10 batches of market samples were identified as adulterated samples. Furthermore, chemometric analysis has proven the reliability of BC and BM-based "digital identity" identification. ConclusionIt proved that the identification and adulteration analysis of two herbs can be realized efficiently and quickly through the "digital identities" of BC and BM. It has important reference significance for developing non-targeted digital identification of herbal medicines at the individual level of Chinese medicine based on "digital identity", which was beneficial to the construction of digital Chinese medicine and digital quality control.

Study on Audit Quality Management Optimization of M Accounting Firm

With the continuous development of market economy and the increasing prosperity of capital market in our country, accounting firms are taking on more and more important responsibilities as "gatekeepers" of capital market. Audit quality, as the core of accounting firm management, directly affects the stability and development of the financial market. The level of audit quality is directly related to investors' trust and dependence on financial reports, the reputation and business development of accounting firms, and influences corporate governance, financial market stability and government supervision. All along, the regulatory authorities pay more attention to the audit quality management of the firm. In the announcement disclosed by the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the firm will be punished for illegal behaviors every year. In recent years, the Ministry of Finance and the China Annotations Association will conduct practice quality supervision and inspection of the firm every year, the audit quality management of the firm still has defects. These problems may cause a crisis of trust in the public, which in turn affects the development of the entire industry. However, the current accounting firms do not pay enough attention to the audit quality management and the supervision is insufficient, and the audit quality becomes low. In order to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the registered accounting industry, it is urgent to strengthen the audit quality management of accounting firms. Therefore, this paper takes M Accounting Firm as the case study object, analyzes and summarizes the existing problems in audit quality management of accounting firms found during the internship, finds out the causes of the problems, and puts forward targeted optimization suggestions, so as to strengthen the audit quality management of this accounting firm and promote its healthy and sustainable development.

Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Nursing Education: Insights from Student Nurses at the National University of Lesotho

<i>Background:</i> Globally, student frustration and attrition rates are declining, underscoring the importance of investigating the academic and interpersonal challenges that students face after their first year. Objectives: exploring the experiences of National University of Lesotho student nurses on their course of education. <i>Method:</i> A qualitative phenomenological research design was used to conduct research at the National University of Lesotho. Data was collected using an unstructured interview guide in two focus groups comprising all student nurses who are enrolled in the nursing and midwifery programme from their second year into the programme. This study employed a stratified random sampling procedure to select its respondents. This study made use of thematic analysis. <i>Results: </i>The results demonstrated clinical weariness caused by a severe workload. The tasks and responsibilities assigned to the students, which they consider to be the duties of registered nurses, frequently leave them feeling overburdened. Variations in clinical supervision experiences include negligence; some experience sexual abuse; and some students find the clinical setting quite unpleasant and inappropriate. On the other hand, students expressed that they are empowered by the current nursing curriculum to face the clinical challenges. <i>Conclusion:</i> Despite appreciating the faculty's supportive and inspiring environment, students had conflicting emotions about the instructional approaches and learning environments. There were variations in both instructional quality and clinical supervision.

Work Motivation and Principal Supervision Perception

Teachers are a key element in the education system. Other components, such as curriculum, infrastructure, and funding, become meaningless without quality teachers. This study aims to analyze the influence of teachers' work motivation and their perception of school principal supervision on teacher performance at SMPN 1 Bone-Bone. The research employs an ex-post facto design with a population of 49 teachers. All are included as samples (total sampling). Data were collected via a questionnaire covering work motivation, perception of supervision, and teacher performance and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results show that teachers' work motivation and perception of school principal supervision are in the medium category, with average scores of 90.531 and 71.571, respectively. Teacher performance varies more widely, with an average score of 142.367. Regression analysis indicates a significant influence of work motivation and perception of school principal supervision on teacher performance. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing teachers' work motivation and the quality of school principal supervision to improve teacher performance, suggesting strategies such as professional development, recognition, and support from school principals.

Research on enhancing the efficiency of food safety sampling inspections in China based on Pareto's law.

Food safety is pivotal for public welfare and directly impacts consumer health. Food safety sampling inspections (FSSIs) are essential in detecting unqualified food products and non-compliant manufacturers, which form an integral part of government regulatory frameworks. However, given the constraints on budgetary resources, improving the efficiency of food safety sampling inspections (EFSSIs) remains a considerable challenge in China's food quality and safety supervision. This study aims to apply Pareto's law, starting from the examination of food sample testing items and major hazard types, to theoretically analyze methods for improving the EFSSIs. Following the theoretical analysis, the research employs provincial food sampling data from China in 2022 to empirically validate the proposed improvement strategies. The research findings indicate that applying Pareto's law significantly reduces the number of items that should be tested for each food subcategory, effectively lowering testing costs for each batch of food samples. Theoretically, employing Pareto's law in sampling inspections can increase the EFSSIs to 2.78 times the current observed level. Furthermore, empirical validation using food sampling data confirms that EFSSIs can be improved to 2.12 times the existing level, consistent with theoretical predictions. Implementing Pareto's law in FSSIs facilitates the detection of more unqualified food products and non-compliant manufacturers without additional financial burden, significantly enhancing the EFSSIs. This approach provides an innovative strategy for government to bolster their food safety management efforts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

The stronger the ability, the greater the destructiveness? CEO ability and stock price crash risk

The impact of CEO ability on corporate behavior is dual-faceted. Based on the “rent-seeking hypothesis”, this paper focuses on the “dark side” of CEO ability and suggests that CEO ability may hurt corporate behavior. Using the DEA method to measure CEO ability and selecting Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2017 as a sample, we examine the relationship, mechanisms, and boundary conditions between CEO ability and stock price crash risk. Our study finds that CEO ability exacerbates stock price crash risk positively. Mechanism tests based on CEO tenure, agency conflict, and litigation risk reveal that CEO ability intensifies stock price crash risk for alleviating career concerns, seeking private gains, and risk avoidance, supporting the “rent-seeking hypothesis”. Boundary condition tests based on internal and external governance environments show that internal control quality and external audit supervision can play a governance role in mitigating the exacerbating effect of CEO ability on stock price crash risk. The conclusions are of significant importance for companies, relevant departments, and global market participants to strengthen governance and supervision to prevent the negative impact of CEO ability on stock prices, thereby promoting the stable development of global financial markets.

Expert consensus on the technical specifications of the in vitro skin penetration test of cosmetic product by Franz diffusion cell

BackgroundDiffusion cell test is one of the most commonly used in vitro model to detect the percutaneous absorption of cosmetic ingredients. Although PRC State Administration of Quality Supervision and Quarantine has issued the guideline for the in vitro test method for the percutaneous absorption of drug molecules, there is still a lack of guideline for the percutaneous absorption test of cosmetic components. ObjectiveIn order to improve the standardized level and make the in vitro percutaneous absorption test of cosmetic ingredients more comparable, based on the international and domestic experience, Transdermal Drug Delivery Committee of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies organized the experts to discuss and formed this consensus as reference for the percutaneous absorption test of cosmetic components. Materials and MethodsTo standardize the in vitro diffusion cell test technique for transdermal penetration of functional cosmetic ingredients, the Transdermal Drug Delivery Professional Committee of the World Federation of Societies of Traditional Chinese Medicine has organized many discussions among experts. ResultsThe expert group established this expert consensus by integrating international requirements, domestic practice, and the experience of experts. ConclusionThis consensus provides technical operation recommendations for the detection of cosmetic percutaneous permeation in in vitro diffusion cells to reduce the differences between studies. Cosmetic formulations with different compositions and types may show different release kinetics, and this consensus does not cover all possible situations.

QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM POLICY IN EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND FINLAND

This study aims to compare quality assurance policies in education between Indonesia and Finland, offering valuable insights for future policy development as the Indonesian education system undergoes transformation. The methodology used involved qualitative case studies that examined government documents, journals, reports, and online news to compare the quality assurance policies in a tabular format. This research focused solely on comparing the scope of quality assurance policies, without examining their implementation. The results revealed some similarities between Indonesia and Finland, particularly regarding teacher qualifications and the curriculum. However, there were significant differences between the two countries. For instance, Finland strongly emphasizes early childhood education to prepare students as lifelong learners. In contrast, Indonesia has traditionally focused more on basic and secondary education, though it is beginning to recognize the importance of early childhood education. Hence, Indonesia could learn from Finland by strengthening its early childhood education, making teachers’ appointments more competitive, and decentralizing the supervision of education quality from the central government to local authorities.

Assessment of the competency of learner-centered teaching of clinical preceptor using the augmented Stanford Faculty Development Program Questionnaire (SFDPQ): a cross sectional comparative study

BackgroundEducation is an important part of the work of most doctors. Clinical preceptors act as role models and supervisors. Preceptors’ quality of supervision strongly influences the learning quality of clinical interns (Bartlett et al. BMC Med Educ 20:165, 2020). To ensure a consistent approach to every preceptorship experience, the competency of clinical preceptors should be assessed to ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved. This study aims to evaluate clinical preceptors’ competency in learner-centered teaching, to provide constructive feedback to develop the preceptors’ competency and improve supervisory skills and internship quality at Kunming Medical University (KMU) in Kunming of China.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative self-administered online questionnaire. The convenience sampling technique was employed. In the undergraduate internship stage of KMU, clinical preceptors (N = 340) and interns (N = 487) were invited to use the augmented Stanford Faculty Development Program questionnaire (SFDPQ) (Stalmeijer et al. Med Teach 30:e272–e277, 2008), to (self-) assess the preceptor’s competency of learner-centered teaching on a five-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).ResultsTwo hundred twenty-eight preceptors and two hundred thirty-six interns completed the questionnaire correctly. Overall, the assessment was positive, but the preceptors’ self-assessment significantly higher than the interns’ (p < 0.00). The overall mean of each category of preceptors’ self-assessment was greater than 4.5, with no difference based on educational qualification. Male preceptors scored significantly higher in two categories than female preceptors. Preceptors under 30 years of age with less than 5 years of teaching experience rated “Teacher’s knowledge and attitude” lower than those over 40 years of age with more than 5 years of experience (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the four categories across disciplines (p < 0.05). Undergraduate interns rated “Teachers’ knowledge” as the highest category and “Learning climate” as the lowest, and interns of different genders are evaluated without distinction in all categories of SFDPQ.ConclusionsEmploying the augmented SFDPQ to evaluate learner-centered teaching competency of clinical preceptors, offers potentially useful information for delivering constructive feedback. Combining self-evaluations with learner evaluation data can contribute to exploring preceptor competency development framework to guide them in targeted learner-centered teaching skill and acquisition and improvement, finally improving the overall quality of internships.

An electrochemical aptamer-sensing strategy based on a Ti3C2Tx MXene synergistic Ti-MOF amplification signal for highly sensitive detection of zearalenone

A refined electrochemical aptamer sensing technique using PEI@Ti-MOF@Ti3C2Tx-MXene was developed for the sensitive detection of ZEN in food samples. A titanium-based metal-organic skeleton (NH2-MIL-125) was synthesized in situ using 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic ligand and tetrabutyl titanate as the metal center, followed by the simultaneous hybridization of Ti3C2Tx-MXene to synthesize a Ti-MOF@Ti3C2Tx-MXene composite material. These composites were subsequently functionalized with PEI and covalently linked to form a sensing platform on gold electrodes. Integrating a metal-organic framework (MOF) with MXene materials not only improved the electrochemical properties compared to those of individual elements but also decreased the stacking effect and increased the number of binding sites for the aptamer. The limit of detection (LOD) of this sensor was 1.64 fg mL−1. Additionally, the sensor could efficaciously detect ZEN in cornmeal and beer samples, exhibiting outstanding stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. This highlighted its effectiveness in applications in quality supervision and food safety.