Quality Of Service Protocols Research Articles

Bandwidth estimation in network probing techniques utilizing min-plus algebraic methods

Bandwidth estimation in network probing techniques plays a crucial role in modern networks, particularly in ensuring superior Quality of Service (QoS). This is largely influenced by advancements in IEEE 802.11 standards, which aim to enhance service performance. Existing methodologies are designed to assess the available resources on a given channel, providing valuable support for bandwidth-constrained applications. However, these methods encounter limitations due to potential non-linearities within networks. The current approach leverages min-plus algebra from network calculus, which, although effective, falls short in certain dynamic scenarios. In this research, we propose a novel methodology for bandwidth estimation by integrating other state-of-the-art QoS protocols while maintaining the foundational principles of the min-plus algebra technique. This approach aims to develop a more versatile and adaptable system, better suited for complex network environments.

Quality of Services Based on Intelligent IoT WLAN MAC Protocol Dynamic Real-Time Applications in Smart Cities.

The future directions and challenges for 6G-enabled wireless communication for IoT applications are mainly focused on quality of service (QoS). The selection criteria of mobility management (MM) protocol are mainly the total duration of the delay and packet loss rate during the MM procedure. This is called intelligent handover (IH) to designate a relay with a minimum delay. To solve the problem of handover, media access control (MAC) protocols are used to provide an intelligent protocol for QoS in real-time application in mobility. Moreover, changing the parameter to find the best protocol for mobile stations in WLAN is a good choice. This paper proposed a new QoS structure for the point coordination function that is based on a new intelligent enhanced distribution coordination function that suites with dynamic real-time applications and services. The paper addresses the distributed coordination function (DCF) with QoS-based intelligent mobility management in stations and other scenarios with enhanced distribution coordination function (EDCF) to find the result of throughput, retransmission attempts, delay, and data droop. In this paper, the remote topology comprises a few remote stations and one base station within the remote LAN. All remote stations are found that each station can distinguish a transmission from any other station, and there is portability within the proposed intelligent framework.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quality of Service based Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks that include many peer nodes. The node mobility in the MANETs leads to several issues like maintenance of paths, lifespan of the battery, safety, reliability and unpredictable link traits. All these in turn would adversely affect the network Quality of Service (QoS). In MANETs, a major role is played by the routing protocol for discovering as well as maintaining the paths. There are two types of routing: uni-path and multi-path. The MANET network can be made more reliable using the multipath routing protocol. The focus of this research is evaluating the multipath routing protocol for QoS. For better delivering of data, the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) has improved methods. This maintains the QoS in terms of factors like MANET end-to-end delay, hop count and bandwidth. This work explores the evolutionary computation schemes for optimizing the routing. The discovery of QoS route in multi-constrained network is a complex problem, this is solved optimally using heuristic algorithms. In that, specifically used for intrusion detection programs in such challenging set ups would be Grammatical Evolution (GE). For finding out familiar threats in MANETs, the natural evolution-motivated GE scheme has been applied. The outcomes have shown that in MANETs, the proposed AOMDV-QoS schemes fulfill the Quality of Service requirements along with lesser delay and high reliability.

Fuzzy Logic Aware QoS Multicasting in MANETs with Load Balance

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a decentralized and infrastructure less network where a nodes can communicate with other nodes within the access region. Due to mobility node can enter and leave a network at any moment. Due to unstable nature of MANETs, the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) to the applications is a difficult task. In this paper, fuzzy logic enabled QoS multicast routing is proposed. Here energy, bandwidth and link expiry time are considered as a QoS parameters. The existing methods lost their performance in handling multi constrained QoS protocols, since defining the dynamic priorities among the multiple QoS parameters is not a trivial task. In the proposed method “Fuzzy Logic Aware QoS Multicasting in MANETs with Load Balance-FQML”, this issue is overcome by using fuzzy logic. The Competency Factor of each intermediate node along the route is calculated by aggregating it’s QoS parameters using fuzzy inference system. In the classical multicast protocols, some of the nodes in the multicast tree are overloaded by having multiple branches towards the destination nodes. This leads to partition of the multicast tree and degrades the performance of protocols. In the proposed method, this problem is handled by limiting the number of branches at intermediate nodes. The results are taken in network simulator-ns2, where the proposed method could measure less number of path failures and improved results than existing methods.

QoS and Cost-Aware Protocol Selection for Next Generation Wireless Network

In the growing area of Internet of Things (IoT), mobility management protocols become necessary because in today’s environment everything is movable so there is no dominance of static nodes. Mobility is a key aspect for the next-generation wireless network. So, mobility management mechanism is necessary for providing the seamless handoff to end user regardless of their location. Thus, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has developed the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) for providing the mobility facility. But MIPv6 is not able to provide the mobility for next-generation wireless network due to large packet loss and high latency. Thus, Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6) is developed for providing the mobility for the next-generation network, but it has some limitation as well. In this paper, firstly a survey of various types of protocols based on PMIPv6 protocol is given. Then protocol is selected based on the Quality of Service (QoS) and signaling cost parameters. Two applications are considered i.e. streaming and background traffic class. For streaming traffic class, QoS (handoff latency) parameter is preferred and for background traffic class, signaling cost is preferred. Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method is used for assigning the weight of different traffic class because user`s preferences play an important role in the decision-making process as it enhances the quality of experience of the user. Then multi-attribute decision making (MADM) and prospect theory are used for selection of protocols. Results show that different protocols are selected for different applications. The performance of MADM and prospect theory is shown in terms of accuracy.

An optimized protocol for QoS and energy efficiency on wireless body area networks

Body area networks (BAN) are at the forefront of technologies for long-term monitoring of personal healthcare, which is intended be an effective strategy to address the aging population worldwide. The transceiver is the most energy-consuming part of a sensor node, and radio transmission in the vicinity of the human body is highly lossy and inefficient. Therefore, the energy of the sensor node constrains the life cycle and quality of service (QoS) of the network; consequently, low-cost protocol shave attracted wide interest. This paper proposes a frame structure model of a self-adaptive guard band (SAGB) protocol, which introduces a guard band (GB) in each time slot according to the allowed maximum time drift of the crystal, adaptively adjusts the value of the GB based on the actual time drift, and then ensures that the node simultaneously maintains the sleeping state and synchronization with the coordinator during beacon transmission, thus reducing the energy consumption.

A Survey on Routing Protocols and QoS in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

Objective: MANET is a collection of wireless mobile devices, mobility and scalable network. These key details are behind the fame of MANETs. A good survey is done on QoS and routing protocols. This study presents merits and demerits of some of the QoS routing protocols. Also, a thorough investigation has been carried out on the current problems and feature trials that are in the field of MANETs. Findings: Every routing protocol must provide Quality of Service (QoS): With intent to improve bandwidth, delay, jitter, and energy consumption. The purpose of any ad-hoc network routing protocol is to meet these challenges. Therefore, it becomes an essential parameter for MANETs to develop a proficient routing and QoS procedures. Some QoS routing-protocols are proposed newly by various characteristics. A similar survey is done on QoS and routing protocols. It has been observed that Maximizing accuracy, Minimizing overhead, Maintaining route, Reserving resources, reducing power utilization, reliability are unsolved issues. Applications: The designing of these routing protocols is an interesting task because of mobility, the dynamic behavior of the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. This study is helpful for designing new routing protocols with improved QoS in MANETs.

Quality of Service of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Due to distributed nature, dynamic topology and resources constraints of tiny sensing nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the quality of service (QoS) support is a challenging issue. However, satisfying the stringent QoS requirements is an open problem. QoS aware protocols for WSNs have gained recently considerable attention of the researchers. In this paper, we focus on the QoS satisfaction in WSNs, basics of QoS support in WSNs, and more importantly challenge, requirements of QoS at each layer. Furthermore, we review the QoS protocols and categorize the QoS aware protocols and elaborate their pros and cons. We also discuss the QoS parameters with respect to each protocol performance parameters. A survey and comprehensive discussion on the QoS aware protocols of WSNs are presented, including their strengths and limitations. Finally, we also survey some computational intelligence (CI) techniques and find the basic requirements of such techniques. Moreover, we study these CI techniques in the light of QoS management and tabulate the level of each CI technique for QoS management. The paper is concluded with open research issues.

A New Cross-Layer QoS-Provisioning Architecture in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Emerging applications in automation, medical imaging, traffic monitoring and surveillance need real-time data transmission over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) for real-time traffic over WSNs creates new challenges. Rapid penetration of smart devices, standardization of Machine Type Communications (MTC) in next generation 5G wireless networks have added new dimensions in these challenges. In order to satisfy such precise QoS constraints, in this paper, we propose a new cross-layer QoS-provisioning strategy in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). The network layer performs statistical estimation of sensory QoS parameters. Identifying QoS-routing problem with multiple objectives as NP-complete, it discovers near-optimal QoS-routes by using evolutionary genetic algorithms. Subsequently, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer classifies the packets, automatically adapts the contention window, based on QoS requirements and transmits the data by using routing information obtained by the network layer. Performance analysis is carried out to get an estimate of the overall system. Through the simulation results, it is manifested that the proposed strategy is able to achieve better throughput and significant lower delay, at the expense of negligible energy consumption, in comparison to existing WMSN QoS protocols.

A Survey on Cross-Layer Quality-of-Service Approaches in WSNs for Delay and Reliability-Aware Applications

Using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in delay and reliability critical environments is highly desired due to their unique advantages such as low cost, ease of deployment, and redundancy. However, successful deployment of resource-limited WSNs in such applications requires strict quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning techniques to meet the desired latency and reliability targets of those applications. Implementation of QoS techniques in WSNs is significantly challenging since WSNs have been initially devised for low-data-rate non-real-time applications. Therefore, WSN designers and developers resort to different cross-layer interaction and optimization techniques to provision QoS in WSNs. In this paper, we present a survey on the state of the art of cross-layer QoS approaches in wireless terrestrial sensor networks to achieve delay and reliability bounds in critical applications. Our paper provides a unique classification of cross-layer QoS approaches in WSNs that allows surveying a large amount of studies with utmost clarity. Furthermore, we highlight the main challenges of implementing QoS protocols in WSNs and present an overview of QoS-aware WSN applications.

An intelligent multipath optimized link state routing protocol for QoS and QoE enhancement of video transmission in MANETs

The instability and limited resources in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) make the video transmission over such networks a challenging task. Transmission of video streams through multipath routing protocols in MANETs can enhance the quality of video transmission. To this end, we propose an extension of MP-OLSR (multipath optimized link state routing protocol), named FQ-MP-OLSR (fuzzy based quality of service MP-OLSR), which integrates two fuzzy systems. The first receives as inputs three quality of service (QoS) links metrics: delay, throughput and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and returns as output multi-constrained QoS metric used to find the best paths. The second fuzzy system is applied to adapt cost functions used to penalize paths previously computed by Dijkstra's algorithm. To schedule multimedia traffic among heterogeneous multiple paths, FQ-MP-OLSR integrates also the weighted round-robin (WRR) scheduling algorithm, where the path weights, needed for scheduling, are computed using the multi-constrained QoS metric provided by the first fuzzy system. These mechanisms allow FQ-MP-OLSR to improve video QoS and QoE (quality of experiment), against the MP-OLSR that uses classical mechanisms such as hop count as single routing metric, cost functions without adaptation and round-robin (RR) as scheduling algorithm. Implementation and simulation experiments with Network Simulator NS2 are presented in order to validate our proposed approach. The results show that FQ-MP-OLSR achieves a significant improvement of the video streaming quality in term of QoS and QoE.

QoS Routing Protocol with Multiple Node-Disjoint Paths in Ad Hoc Networks

Quality-of-service (QoS) routing in dynamic, wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks is a critical research issue, and various QoS protocols are proposed. However, those QoS routing protocols rarely provide multiple routes. Once links break, it takes time and brings large control overhead to establish new routes. This paper proposes a new QoS routing protocol, containing efficient bandwidth estimations, admission control and node-disjoint multi-path establishment. While detecting link breaks, we use back-up routes to avoid making wasteful route discovery. If a single route with sufficient bandwidth cannot be discovered, we propose to combine multiple routes to support QoS transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed QoS routing protocol increases throughput while provides satisfactory QoS.

Comparative Study on Priority Based QOS Aware Mac Protocols for WSN

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), QoS (Quality of Service) in sensor application plays a very important role. QoS based routing is required to ensure the best use of nodes in WSN. In this paper, a comparative study of QoS based routing in Media Access Control (MAC) protocols are presented based on the traits to solve problems like prioritization, timeliness, reliability etc. The study mainly focuses on some priority based QoS protocols used in WSN and a comparison among them. The study reveals that among the five mentioned protocols; QMAC, PRIMA, DB-MAC, RAP, GTS; PRIMA shows the best performance in the category of Packet Prioritization, Scheduling Scheme, Queue Type, Energy Awareness and QoS.

An Improved QoS Multipath Routing Using Bandwidth Estimation and Rate Adaptation

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are composed of nodes which communicate with one another without network infrastructure. Their advantage being that they can be used in isolation or along with wired infrastructure, usually via a gateway node to ensure traffic relay for both networks. Quality of Service (QoS) is harder to ensure in ad hoc networks than in other network types, as wireless bandwidth is shared by adjacent nodes with network topology changing as nodes move. Most QoS protocols are implemented for specific scenarios and consider parameters such as network topologies, bandwidth, mobility, security and so on. This work proposes a novel multipath routing protocol which is an extension of AOMDV by discovering routes based on available bandwidth and rate adaptation. The method with Hello message box is used to calculate available bandwidth for a route. Relative Fairness and Optimized Throughput is an approach for rate adaptation in this paper which is to ensure fairness and allow nodes to adapt transmission rates and contention windows to channel quality. In sequence this is determined by calculating the access probability of a channel for each node in a distributed manner approximating successful and failed transmissions.

Research on Special Vehicle Road Navigation Algorithm

In order to guarantee the special vehicle capacity, quality of service protocol in computer network is referred, travel characteristics of special vehicle is analyzed. Put forward the special vehicle operation control scheme based on agent, analyzes the functions of each agent and collaborative way. Finally on the basis of this design the special vehicle priority security algorithm.

Cross-Layer Enhancement to Support TCP-Based Traffics in WLANs

Widespread deployment of wireless local area networks and a gradual increase in streaming applications have brought about a demand for improved quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks. However, increasing user datagram protocol based high priority multimedia traffic and the class differentiation introduced in QoS protocols, has resulted into transmission control protocol (TCP) starvation and increased spurious timeouts. While today's Internet traffic is still dominated by TCP based applications, the negative effects of IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF) scheme on TCP performance in the presence of high priority traffic have not been extensively explored. In this paper, the performance of TCP in 802.11e WLAN competing with high priority traffic is examined. The prioritised adaptive enhanced scheme (PAD_EDCF) is proposed. The proposed scheme gives priority to TCP control packets in order to improve the low traffic transmission flow and acquires additional capability of adjusting the MAC parameters based on the traffic load condition. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves TCP performances in terms of traffic efficiency, throughput and reduces delay.

Body Area Network for Ubiquitous Healthcare Applications: Theory and Implementation

With recent advances in wireless communication, lowpower miniaturized sensors and semiconductor technologies, the sensor networks have become the integral part of ubiquitous healthcare systems. These networks can be used to provide remote health monitoring for a long period of time with real-time feedback to the hospital. For example, a set of intelligent and low-power sensors can be seamlessly integrated in/on a human body to create an autonomous sensor network called Body Area Network (BAN). The BAN can be used to stream biological information from the human body and transmit it over a long distance to a remote server for diagnostic recommendations. Some applications include diagnoses and treatment of many diseases including myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal tract, cancer detection, asthma, diabetes, and other health problems. Compared to traditional sensor networks, BANs face additional research challenges including signal propagation in/around a human body, power scavenging issues, fault tolerance, mobility, reliable Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, Quality of Service (QoS), biocompatibility and security. This special issue invited high quality unpublished research papers and review articles to disseminate the state-of-the-art research and development on BANs for ubiquitous healthcare systems, and to highlight open issues and challenges. Out of many good papers, eight papers were finally accepted for publication in this special issue. The summary of these papers is given below Jovanov et al. reviews the opportunities and challenges of BAN for ubiquitous healthcare applications. This paper provides a fundamental overview of BAN both for beginners and experts. Li et al. presents the current status of IEEE 802.15.6 standardization where three PHYs and a single common MAC are discussed. In addition, the authors implements a prototype BAN system based on the high band of Ultrawide Band (UWB). Li et al. proposes a novel MAC protocol for BAN called LDTAMAC, where the Guaranteed Time Slots (GTSs) are dynamically allocated according to the traffic load. To reduce the average packet delay the data packets are transmitted in the current superframe. In addition, the active portion of the superframe is adjusted in order to minimize the energy consumption. It is shown that the proposed protocol outperforms IEEE 802.15.4 in terms of packet delay and energy consumption. Cheng et al. proposes another MAC protocol called RACOON. This protocol satisfies the inter-BAN QoS requirements and overcomes the performance degradation caused by mobility. Simulation results verify that RACOON has better QoS performance in terms of transmission latency, energy consumption, and user capacity compared with other QoS protocols. Selimis et al. proposes a lightweight security scheme for BAN. This paper estimates the additional energy consumption introduced by several security schemes based on commercially available off-the-shelf hardware components (microprocessor and radio), the network topology and the MAC frame. Furthermore, the authors propose a new microcontroller design in order to reduce the energy consumption of the system. The new microcontroller needs fewer clock cycles and memory accesses to deliver the output. This microcontroller is optimized for the symmetric algorithm. Chang et al. introduces a portable terrain adaptable fall detection system by placing accelerometers and gyroscopes S. Ullah (*) :K. S. Kwak UWB-ITRC Center, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea e-mail: sanajcs@hotmail.com

Impact of denial of service solutions on network quality of service

AbstractThe Internet has become a universal communication network tool. It has evolved from a platform that supports best‐effort traffic to one that now carries different traffic types including those involving continuous media with quality of service (QoS) requirements. As more services are delivered over the Internet, we face increasing risk to their availability given that malicious attacks on those Internet services continue to increase. Several networks have witnessed denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks over the past few years which have disrupted QoS of network services, thereby violating the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the client and the Internet Service Provider (ISP). Hence DoS or DDoS attacks are major threats to network QoS. In this paper we survey techniques and solutions that have been deployed to thwart DoS and DDoS attacks and we evaluate them in terms of their impact on network QoS for Internet services. We also present vulnerabilities that can be exploited for QoS protocols and also affect QoS if exploited. In addition, we also highlight challenges that still need to be addressed to achieve end‐to‐end QoS with recently proposed DoS/DDoS solutions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dynamic bandwidth management in IEEE 802.11-based multihop wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a new protocol named dynamic regulation of best-effort traffic (DRBT) which supports quality of service (QoS) throughput guarantees and provides a distributed regulation mechanism for best-effort traffic in multihop wireless networks. By adapting dynamically the rate of best-effort traffic at the link layer, DRBT increases the acceptance ratio of QoS flows and provides a good use of the remaining resources through the network. Our protocol also provides an accurate method to evaluate the available bandwidth in IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc networks which is able to differentiate QoS applications from best-effort traffic. Through extensive simulations, we compare the performance of our proposal scheme with some others protocols like QoS protocol for ad hoc real-time traffic for instance.

RACOON: A Multiuser QoS Design for Mobile Wireless Body Area Networks

In this study, Random Contention-based Resource Allocation (RACOON) medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed to support the quality of service (QoS) for multi-user mobile wireless body area networks (WBANs). Different from existing QoS designs that focus on a single WBAN, a multiuser WBAN QoS should further consider both inter-WBAN interference and inter-WBAN priorities. Similar problems have been studied in both overlapped wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Bluetooth piconets that need QoS supports. However, these solutions are designed for non-medical transmissions that do not consider any priority scheme for medical applications. Most importantly, these studies focus on only static or low mobility networks. Network mobility of WBANs will introduce unnecessary inter-network collisions and energy waste, which are not considered by these solutions. The proposed multiuser-QoS protocol, RACOON, simultaneously satisfies the inter WBAN QoS requirements and overcomes the performance degradation caused by WBAN mobility. Simulation results verify that RACOON provides better latency and energy control, as compared with WBAN QoS protocols without considering the inter-WBAN requirements.