Quality Of Service Profiles Research Articles

Joint QoS and energy-efficient resource allocation and scheduling in 5G Network Slicing

Network Slicing (NS) is fast evolving as a prominent enabler for providing tailored services in the Fifth Generation of cellular networks (5G). Network Slices are virtualized network entities formed over physical substrates, deployed for the customized application use cases. A Network Slice needs to exhibit end to end capabilities and meet Quality of Service (QoS) specifications and Service Level Agreements (SLAs). To provide end-to-end traffic management capabilities in the network slice, firstly, traffic flows are categorized into different priority traffic classes, and their severity levels are assessed. Priorities can be applied across cellular and IP based systems. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are employed on QoS profile attributes in establishing traffic priorities in slices. Secondly, we propose a novel algorithm for NS Resource Partitioning and User Allocation. We put forward an online virtual backbone based solution for resource allocation and priority class-based packet scheduling. This joint QoS and energy efficiency driven approach is built on top of established traffic classes and dynamic power savings techniques. Finally, through Cognitive Cycles (CC), we devise better network re-configuration to obtain more energy savings. Traffic classifier modules are implemented using Jupyter notebook and Python API. Scheduling and resource allocation modules in networks slices are emulated in Mininet, Flowvisor, and Beacon and POX controllers. The simulation results reveal the reduced node consumption is achieved through the evolutionary CC algorithm, and it outperforms other standard approaches by at least 23%. Similarly, for the traffic priority prediction, from the results, we could infer Gradient Boosting and Random Forest Regressors exhibit superior accuracy with the root mean square deviation of 2.2% and 1.2% respectively when compared to other standard ML algorithms.

Delay-Based Resource Allocation With Fairness Guarantee and Minimal Loss for eMBB in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Heterogeneity is defined as one of the core merits in the 5th Generation (5G) mobile systems. Such a trait is prominent in modern 5G traffic scenarios, i.e., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), where coarse Quality of Service (QoS) profiles need to be satisfied over the shared transmission channel. For that, Radio Resource Management (RRM) became a challenging problem that should be figured out based on the traffic scenario. Extensive efforts dwelled in the literature attempt to solve the resource allocation problem in the downlink channel by maximizing the gain for a certain aspect in the QoS profile. This, however, poses a challenge for 5G-related traffic scenarios such that multi-dimension QoS shall be attainable. Therefore, in this paper, a Delay-aware Resource Allocation for Guaranteed Fairness and minimal Loss (DRAGFL) is proposed to enhance the QoS for Real-Time (RT) services in eMBB 5G Heterogeneous Networks. The ultimate objective of DRAGFL is to maintain a steadily low latency for delay-sensitive flows without restraining the service fairness and the data loss in the overload states. DRAGFL enhances the efficiency of the MAC layer scheduler throughout three phases. Firstly, generating delay-derived weight matrix of the resources blocks to radio bearers from eMBB different classes. Then, greedy-based flows prioritization for Resource Blocks (RBs) assignment. Finally, the data rate of the RT and Non RT (NRT) flows is further emphasized through a channel-aware principle that is invoked conditioning to the remaining radio resources and available data to be scheduled in the interval. The performance evaluation using system-level simulations reveals prominent gains of DRAGFL in sustaining a steadily low end-to-end delay in the high congestion states. Moreover, it maintains ideal states of service fairness with low data loss for different traffic loads to indicate a promising MAC scheduler for the developing scenarios of 5G.

A distributed communication framework for smart Grid control applications based on data distribution service

The successful implementation of multi-agent control strategies (MAS) within smart grid applications is heavily reliant on communication frameworks that enable robust inter-agent messaging. In this regard, a promising communication framework is Data Distribution Service (DDS), which is fully distributed, enables low-latency messaging, and provides configurable Quality of Service (QoS) profiles that customize messaging parameters. As such, this paper proposes a DDS-based, fully distributed communication framework (DCF) for smart grid applications. The proposed DCF is configured with QoS profiles that discard outdated messages when agents experience intermittent connection issues, thereby preventing the misaligned execution of distributed control strategies. The performance of the proposed DCF is validated by developing a Software-In-The-Loop platform, where agents utilize the DCF to execute the Asynchronous Weak Commitment (AWC) control strategy within the application of distributed voltage regulation. Experimental results show that the proposed DCF delivers messages at latencies between 4-36 milliseconds, which is sufficient for smart grid applications. The proposed DCF also enhances the efficacy of the AWC strategy when performing voltage regulation by discarding outdated messages and preventing unnecessary control actions in resolving voltage violations. The proposed DCF is validated at a real-world Canadian microgrid, where overvoltage violations are resolved in a timely manner.

QoS‐Oriented Optimal Relay Selection in Cognitive Radio Networks

A cognitive radio network can be employed in any wireless communication systems, including military communications, public safety, emergency networks, aeronautical communications, and wireless‐based Internet of Things, to enhance spectral efficiency. The performance of a cognitive radio network (CRN) can be enhanced through the use of cooperative relays with buffers; however, this incurs additional delays which can be reduced by using virtual duplex relaying that requires selection of a suitable relay pair. In a virtual duplex mode, we mimic full‐duplex links by using simultaneous two half‐duplex links, one transmitting and the other one receiving, in such a way that the overall effect of duplex mode is achieved. The relays are generally selected based on signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR). However, other factors such as power consumption and buffer capacity can also have a significant impact on relay selection. In this work, a multiobjective relay selection scheme is proposed that simultaneously takes into account throughput, delay performance, battery power, and buffer status (i.e., both occupied and available) at the relay nodes while maintaining the required SINR. The proposed scheme involves the formulation of four objective functions to, respectively, maximize throughput and buffer space availability while minimizing the delay and battery power consumption. The weighted sum approach is then used to combine these objective functions to form the multiobjective optimization problem and an optimal solution is obtained. The assignments of weights to objectives have been done using the rank sum (RS) method, and several quality‐of‐service (QoS) profiles have been considered by varying the assignment of weights. The results gathered through simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme efficiently determines the optimal solution for each application scenario and selects the best relay for the respective QoS profile. The results are further verified by using the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. Both techniques gave identical solutions, thus validating our claim.

A Multi-criteria based handover algorithm for vehicle-to-infrastructure communications

Maintaining seamless quality of service (QoS) requirements for ongoing delay sensitive applications during handover processes for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication over heterogeneous networks is a challenging task. The situation becomes even more challenging to deal with for multi-tier heterogeneous networks with various network sizes. To overcome the above challenges, we propose a multicriteria-based handover algorithm for V2I communications (V2I-MHA) to be used in multi-tier heterogeneous network environments. V2I-MHA selects the most appropriate underlying target network for handover based on QoS profiles of the ongoing applications and services. Moreover, our proposed algorithm filters out the inappropriate candidate networks using a multi-criteria decision-making technique based on Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) approach. However, our approach ensures that the most appropriate candidate network for handover processes is selected not only based on QoS requirements of the ongoing applications, but also on the knowledge of candidate network parameters (e.g. bandwidth, packet latency, packet losses, and service pricing). A multi-mode vehicle On-Board Unit (OBU) containing Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) and Wi-Fi network interface cards is developed in the Riverbed (previously OPNET) simulator for system performance evaluation. The simulation results show that the proposed V2I-MHA outperforms (in terms of handover failure rate and packet losses) the existing handover methods.

Web service selection based on QoS and user profile

The web services are from different sources, heterogeneous, and of large volume. The user is in a crucial situation to select the best web services. The web service selection process aims to discovery the desired web services; as it allows to select the best web services to users' query. In particular, various web services have the same functionalities, so we need another factor to select the desired web services, which is the quality of service (QoS). The QoS has an important role in the web service selection process, it aims to classify the web service that have same functionality. This paper focuses on different concepts of the QoS. We present a new approach that is composed by two services; its role is primarily the best web service selection in relation with users' query and profile. In our approach, a better knowledge of user behavior is important because users can participate in research design and construction. The experiment shows that our method can accurately recommend the needed web services in a faster time.

Optimal multi-dimensional dynamic resource allocation in mobile cloud computing

In this paper, we propose a model for mobile application profiles, wireless interfaces, and cloud resources. First, an algorithm to allocate wireless interfaces and cloud resources has been introduced. The proposed model is based on the wireless network cloud (WNC) concept. Then, considering power consumption, application quality of service (QoS) profiles, and corresponding cost functions, a multi-objective optimization approach using an event-based finite state model and dynamic constraint programming method has been used to determine the appropriate transmission power, process power, cloud offloading and optimum QoS profiles. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm saves the mobile battery life and guarantees both QoS and cost simultaneously. Moreover, it determines the best available cloud server resources and wireless interfaces for applications at the same time.

QoS Negotiation and Service Differentiation by CAC Scheme for 3G Wireless Cellular Networks

In the 1G and 2G of wireless cellular systems, CAC has been worked only for a single service scenario. In the 3G and beyond wireless cellular systems, multimedia services such as video, data, and audio are to be offered with various QoS profiles. Hence, more sophisticated CAC schemes are needed to develop for dealing with these challenges. CAC is needed for admitting reasonable number of users in the sense that CAC can satisfy various QoS constraints for different services and also maximize the spectrum utilization for systems. CAC schemes play a vital role in the analysis of 3G wireless cellular network systems by controlling the users in a cell and thus limit the system interference. CAC has been extensively studied in wireless cellular networks as an essential tool for congestion control and QoS provisioning. CAC in wireless cellular networks has been achieving a huge pact of awareness during the existing generation due to the rising attractiveness of wireless cellular network and the fundamental role that CAC plays in QoS provisioning. Quality of service (QoS) plays a major role in wireless cellular networks and it is one of the most important issues from both the users and operators point of view. All the parameters related to QoS are not same important for all users and requested applications. The satisfaction level of different users also does not depend on same QoS parameters. Our proposed CAC scheme gives preferential treatment to higher priority calls, such as hand-off calls of all class of service (data, voice and video), by reserving some bandwidth to decrease handoff failure probability. Along with, mechanism of queuing is also used to improve the hand-off success probability. The admission principle depends upon the effective load of the scheme and allocates diverse thresholds for new and hand-off calls. Finally, we consider three types of services: video, voice and data calls. We assure that our scheme reduces the drop hand-off calls by queuing mechanism and increases the system capacity; hence the Grade-of-Service (GoS) and the system performance can significantly improve.

A Generic QoS Model for Web

The development, registration, discovery, and invocation of quality Web services are vital for the successful implementation of applications using Web services. Considerable research focuses on quality for Web services. Unfortunately, current research on Quality of Service (QoS) for Web services is concentrated on service users and the implementation stage. This research highlights the importance of incorporating QoS at the design and development stages; the authors propose the introduction of QoS at the same time as functional requirements. However, Web Service Description Language (WSDL) describes the functional elements of a Web service, and QoS is significant for this description. Therefore, the authors propose an extension to the WSDL through a generic QoS metamodel, incorporating QoS specifications into the functionalities. This paper begins by defining the required QoS specifications for the development of quality Web services and explores the potential of the Unified Modeling Language as a technique and notation to specify QoS. To properly integrate QoS in the design, the authors propose extensions to the existing UML QoS profile. The paper concludes with the evaluation of the proposed framework and summarises its advantages.

QoS management in mobile IP networks using a terminal assistant

AbstractThis paper describes a signalling environment for Quality of Service (QoS) negotiation and advance resource reservation in mobile IP networks. This environment is built in conformance with the generic signalling environment, which is standardized by the NSIS IETF working group. The advanced resource reservation protocol, called MQoS NSLP, is based on the QoS NSLP signalling application. It provides to mobile terminals the QoS required based on the user's mobility and QoS profile. In this work, we investigate the use of some techniques of the AI (Artificial Intelligence) domain to implement a user interface called NIA (Negotiation Individual Assistant) in order to determine the QoS profile and negotiate the QoS parameters in the new domain after the handover. Therefore, we use connectionist learning in the management of the negotiation profiles and agent technology to help the user choose the best service provider, dynamically negotiate the QoS on the user's behalf, and follow the user's behaviour to be able to anticipate the negotiation and manage renegotiation. The advance resource reservation is based on an object MSpec (Mobility Specification) which determines the future location of the mobile terminal. The MSpec object is a part of the mobility and QoS profile and is determined by the NIA in the mobile terminal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Web Services Discovery with DAML-QoS Ontology

As more and more Web services are deployed, Web service’s discovery mechanisms become essential. Similar services from different sources often exhibit quite different Quality of Service (QoS) levels. For service selection and management purpose, it is necessary to explicitly, precisely, and flexibly specify various constraints and QoS metrics for Web services descriptions. This paper provides a novel ontology as a complement to DARPA Agent Markup Language—Service (DAML-S) Ontology to provide a better QoS metrics model. Three layers are defined, together with clear role descriptions for development. Cardinality constraints are utilized to describe the QoS property constraints. A matchmaking algorithm with multiple matching degrees is provided accordingly. When incorporated with DAML-S, the multiple service level objectives can be described by assigning multiple QoS profiles to one service profile. A prototype system was developed, which demonstrates the feasibility for small to medium-sized service advertisement repository.

Call admission control in wireless networks: A comprehensive survey

Radio resource management (RRM) plays a major role in Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for wireless communication systems. The performance of RRM techniques has a direct impact on each user's individual performance and on the overall network performance. Arriving (new and handoff) calls are granted/denied access to the network by the call admission scheme (CAC) based on predefined criteria, taking the network loading conditions into consideration. CAC in wireless networks has been receiving a great deal of attention during the last two decades due to the growing popularity of wireless communications and the central role that CAC plays in QoS provisioning in terms of the signal quality, call blocking and dropping probabilities, packet delay and loss rate, and transmission rate. In the first and second generation of wireless systems, CAC has been developed for a single service environment. In the third generation and beyond wireless systems, multimedia services such as voice, video, data, and audio are to be offered with various QoS profiles. Hence, more sophisticated CAC schemes are developed to cope with these changes. This article provides a comprehensive survey of CAC schemes in modern wireless networks.

A simulation environment for GPRS traffic in an advanced travellers information system (ATIS)

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)—a bearer service to GSM—has been deployed worldwide, and is widely considered a technology precursor to the evolving third generation (3G) wireless networks. The general conception has been that while users will be exposed to faster wide-area wireless data access, experience gained from GPRS could well prove useful for 3G, and also for systems beyond 3G deployment. In this paper, we present a comprehensive simulation study for different traffic scheduling algorithms for Quality of Service (QoS) in GPRS at the IP level. We first study the correlation between GSM and GPRS users, and show how a dynamic channel allocation scheme between GSM–GPRS can give substantially better performance than the static ones. We then extend our study by taking into account users requirements for different QoS profiles, based on seven different scheduling algorithms in GPRS. By simulating traffic related to an ATIS (Advanced Travellers Information System) at the IP level, we show how traffic scheduling algorithms perform by taking into account different performance parameters such as the average traffic, average waiting time in the scheduler, packet loss probabilities in the scheduler based on static and dynamic channel allocation schemes, packet priorities as well as average throughput per-GPRS user. The study gives a comparative analysis for various scheduling

Quality of service and performance issues in multiservice networks subject to voice and video traffics

Third generation networks tend to integrate an ever increasing number of services. Thus, standards and protocols such as the UMTS and Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) should allow any mobile user, in addition to telephony, to navigate the Web, have a videoconference call, etc. However, the integration of services raises a certain number of problems. For example, the advent of new services (such as the Internet) has questioned the traditional traffic models used in the telecommunications world. New models have then been proposed to take into account bursty and self-similar traffic. But in third generation networks, even if several studies have been dedicated to the analysis of the performance of radio technologies, few have been done on the analysis of these networks from an application perspective, when various types of traffic are aggregated. In this paper, the focus is on the performance issues arising in UMTS third-generation wireless networks, subject to voice and video traffics. For that purpose, we adapt existing traffic models or propose new ones, which are based on the UMTS forum specifications and real traffic observations. The models obtained are calibrated and validated by comparison with real traces and used to simulate a UMTS network aggregating various types of traffic. This defines a reference model whose performance was evaluated according to certain metrics of quality of service (QoS). The performance achieved by the implementation is average because the throughputs suggested by the UMTS forum are a little restrictive. It is thus necessary in the design process to carefully define the QoS profiles associated with each class or application. For the streaming class, it would be necessary to install adequate buffers to ensure the quality of service, particularly end-to-end delay. Also, the addition of another QoS management layer has shown to improve the performance.

Delay analysis of integrated voice and data service for GPRS

The quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of typical mobile packet data applications are very diverse. QoS profiles of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) are defined using the parameters service precedence, reliability, delay, and throughput. A one-dimensional decomposing Markov chain is used as the queueing model to analyze the GPRS performance in terms of the mean delay and 95% delay. In addition, the impact of buffer assignment and guard channels on the GPRS traffic is also investigated. The analytical results are verified by simulation and the comparison shows that they are very close.

A Model for Availability of Quality of Service in Distributed Multimedia Systems

In this paper we introduce a new model for the definition and the implementation of quality of service (QoS) in distributed multimedia systems. The model provides both the users and the provider/manager of the system with a framework for the high level description of the system's configuration and operation, as well as with an application/user specific definition of QoS. The model maps this high level QoS description to quality requirements for the individual resources that compose the overall service. The implementation of the QoS of the overall service is done by providing probability of availability guarantees for certain levels of QoS. Given some constraints on the total assets available for the implementation of a specific service, the model optimally allocates these assets to the system resources in order to implement a specific user/application QoS profile. The model is reduced to a General Asset Allocation Problem (GA2P) and we solve the GA2P in a provably optimal way for a wide range of realistic services.