Quality Of Service In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning in Healthcare System for improving Quality of Service

A vital element of widespread patient monitoring is consistency in transmission between the patients and the healthcare professionals not including time and position dependencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have a vast possibility to proficiently handle the automated function of the mobile nodes distributed in the Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). ML is a part of AI in that the computer algorithms learn themselves by improving from historical experiences. The main issues in MANET are autonomous operation, maximization of a lifetime, coverage of the network, energy utilization, connectivity issues, quality of service, high bandwidth necessity, communication protocol design, etc. ML is valuable for data aggregation, and it saves the energy of mobile nodes and enhances the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Algorithm for improving the Quality of Service in MANET (AIMQ). ML techniques based on artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm is helpful for data aggregation tasks. This approach formed the clusters by node mobility and connectivity. Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm is applied in every cluster to choose a proficient Cluster Head (CH). Here, we choose the CH by GSO fitness function based on mobile node degree, node distance, node reliability, and energy. ANN algorithm recognizes and chooses the data aggregator with great energy and more extended stability. It updates the weight of input parameters such as node energy, node degree, packet loss ratio, and node delay to reduce the errors. It minimizes the repetitive CHs selection and member nodes’ re-affiliation in a cluster.

Implementation of Quality of Service-Oriented Distributed Routing Protocol using Fuzzy Logic in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a type of wireless network made up of nodes that are both wireless and mobile. This type of wireless network is a non-infrastructure network (without a central manager such as router, servers, etc.) that is hard to manage; providing the Quality of Service (QoS) is also difficult. The fuzzy logic is one of the effective methods required to achieve high QoS in MANET. We propose an Ant-colony Based Cluster-head (ABC) selection a protocol based on artificial intelligence fuzzy logic techniques in this paper. With the proposed protocol, we divide the network into clusters, then, choose a cluster head which is a node having high residual energy, the most trusted; this is achieved using Ant-colony optimization (ACO) algorithm thanks to the use of a probability function which determines the likelihood of various nodes to be selected as cluster-heads. Using the Network Simulator Version-2 (NS-2), we evaluated our Proposed Protocol with ones existing in literature; Quality of Service-Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (QoS-AODV), Bandwidth aware Multi-path Routing protocol in mobile Ad Hoc networks (BMR) and Dynamic Multi-Path Source Routing Method (MSR). We conducted various experimental evaluations varying both the number of the total mobile nodes in the network and the number of receivers from a single sender; all simulation outcomes revealed that the Proposed protocol; Quality of Service-Oriented Distributed Routing Protocol using Fuzzy Logic and clustering techniques in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (QODFL) outperformed the existing ones as compared to existing protocols, it was able to increase both the Packet Delivery Ratio by 10.5% and throughput by 6.7 % , and the End-to-End Delivery ratio by 7.7%.

Fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation‐based node cooperation technique for improving QoS in MANETs

SummaryCooperation between mobile nodes is the predominant factor required for achieving reliable data dissemination in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), since non‐cooperative nodes crumbles the routing process and degrades network performance. The degree of non‐cooperation rendered by mobile nodes need to be accurately identified by exploring feasible and comprehensive number of criteria to achieve maximized cooperation in uncertain MANET. In this paper, fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (FPROMETHEE)‐based node cooperation technique is proposed with the merits of trapezoidal fuzzy interval numbers that aids in the selection of high trustworthy mobile nodes for attaining maximized data delivery. This FPROMETHEE technique utilizes complex and multiple criteria for potential ranking in the presence of finite number of mobile nodes. It prevented the bias of information that is more common during the judgmental process associated with the cooperation estimation of mobile nodes. It includes information about the relative weights of criteria and decision maker's preferences for estimating the trust of mobile nodes to include or isolate them from the routing path. It is also useful in handling the degree of uncertainly involved in the process of routing without compromising Quality of Service (QoS) level in the network. The simulation experiments of the proposed FPROMETHEE technique conducted using ns‐2 simulator confirmed its predominance in enhancing the packet dissemination rate, throughput, energy consumptions, total overhead, and packet loss rate for different number of mobile nodes, malicious nodes, and pairs of source and destination nodes.

Evaluation of Multicast and Unicast Routing Protocols Performance for Group Communication with QoS Constraints in 802.11 Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), portable devices like smartphones, or laptop PC can join together to make provisional networks without any infrastructure The objective of multicast or unicast protocols is to ensure an efficient route formation and flow control mechanism which is a very challenging issue for many group computing services in MANETs. MANETs can support several real-time applications like emergency rescue, and disaster relief operations which require minimum Quality of Service (QoS) to handle high traffic. Providing QoS for multimedia and group-oriented computing in MANETs becomes a real challenge due to the wireless medium and the mobility of operating nodes. Therefore, an investigation of routing protocols for one-to-many or many-to-many computing is important that supports acceptable QoS in MANETs. Numerous QoS metrics have been considered for the assessment like packet delivery ratio, latency, packet loss rate, control overhead, and throughput. By considering different network topologies and scenarios with different performance parameters, the primary goal of this study is to explore the challenges and factors for QoS services in MANET’s multicast communication. The outcomes of investigation can be used to design the future MANET protocol for multimedia applications. The performance results indicate that the increasing number of sending/receiving nodes may increase the overhead or latency of the network but capable of providing higher network throughput, carried out in NS-2. The results also indicate although MANETs can induce errors and packets are lost as part of the normal operating context, multicast AODV practice superior to the unicast protocol to various QoS in a wide range of scenarios with less overhead.

Trust Routing Protocol Based on Cloud-Based Fuzzy Petri Net and Trust Entropy for Mobile Ad hoc Network

The trust-based routing mechanisms are proposed to enhance the security of the mobile ad hoc network (MANET), which use the performance metrics of a node to evaluate the trust value of the node. However, some performance metrics are fuzzy, which are easier to be described qualitatively than to be expressed quantitatively. Therefore, the inability to quantitatively express these performance metrics leads to the inaccuracy in the calculation of the trust values of nodes. Meanwhile, some routing mechanisms add the path with the highest credibility to routing table without considering the hop counts of the route in route selection, which reduces quality of service (QoS) of the routing. Aiming at the above problems, firstly, we use cloud model to deal with the fuzziness of performance metrics. Specifically, a trust reasoning model based on cloud model and fuzzy Petri net (FPN) is presented to evaluate the credibility of nodes. Then we propose a routing algorithm based on trust entropy. Routes with the minimum trust entropy are selected to add to routing table. This routing algorithm can reflect the comprehensive effect of route hops and the trust values of nodes on routing selection, thus improving QoS in MANET. Finally, the TUE-OLSR protocol is established based on the trust entropy routing algorithm and the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. What’s more, the effectiveness of TUE-OLSR protocol is verified by simulation experiments, which illustrate that TUE-OLSR protocol performs better than existing trust-based OLSR protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and average latency.

A Hybrid Algorithm for Improving the Quality of Service in MANET

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) exhibits a dynamic topology with flexible infrastructure. The MANET nodes may serve as both host and router functionalities. The routing feature of the MANET is a stand-alone multi-hop mobile network that can be utilized in many real-time applications. Therefore, identifying paths that ensure high Quality of Service (QoS), such as their topology and applications is a vital issue in MANET. A QoS-aware protocol in MANETs aims to find more efficient paths between the source and destination nodes of the network and, hence, the requirements of the QoS. This paper proposes a different hybrid algorithm that combines Cellular Automata (CA) with the African Buffalo Optimization (ABO), CAABO, to improve the QoS of MANETs. The CAABO optimizes the path selection in the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. The test results show that with the aid of the CAABO, the AODV manifests energy and delay-aware routing protocol.

CBT - VOIP: CODEC BASED TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE VOIP TRANSMISSION DELAY IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS

Mobile and wireless technologies provide Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service to the users with the help of internet. However, there are some limitations with respect to bandwidth, delay, jitter, etc. While it meets congestion and heavy load on the network, it drastically consumes and wastes the resources unnecessarily. Likewise, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) is a part of ad hoc network to provide VoIP communication among the users without the aid of any internet facilities. Since the nodes are mobile in MANETs, it faces many challenges like dynamic topology, limited bandwidth and battery power in order to provide Quality of Service (QoS). This paper proposes a CBT-VoIP technique for reducing the VoIP transmission delay. Ultimately, it helps to improve QoS in MANETs.

A Key Exchange Approach for Proficient and Secure Routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks

<p>Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of wireless mobile devices with restricted broadcast range and resources. Communication is achieved by relaying data along appropriate routes that are dynamically discovered and maintained through collaboration between the nodes. Discovery of such routes is a major task, both from efficiency and security point of view. This paper presents a proficient and secure routing, based on asymmetric authentication using key exchange approach (KEA). The proposed mechanism ensures secure routing and quality of service in MANETs and minimizes the network overhead. The KEA mechanism can be effectively used to develop a new routing protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks which will provide maximum security against all kinds of attacks. In this paper, KEA is compared with other secure routing protocols like EEACK, AODV, and ARIADANE, to evaluate the efficiency of KEA in Ad Hoc Networks. The empirical results shows that there is an increase of 20% packet delivery ratio and a reduction of 10% routing overhead.</p>

Enhance the Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks by Using Fuzzy Based NTT–DYMO

The dynamic nature of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) demands a new-fangled set of communication strategies to enhance the performance of Quality of Service (QoS). It is very difficult to find viable QoS routes in MANETs due to its environment. AODV version 2 is called Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) Routing protocol. Drawback of AODV is, it does not support larger networks. DYMO supports both medium and larger networks. To enhance the performance of DYMO, this paper proposes FBNTT DYMO by applying dynamic Node Traversal Time (NTT) in place of defacto NTT using fuzzy logic and Matlab. Fuzzy concept is used by taking network size and mobility is inputs and NTT as output. NTT plays a vital role in improving QoS in MANETs. For the Existing DYMO the default NTT value is 90 ms in QualNet simulator, however in a lively and dynamic environment we should not depend on the static values during protocol configuration. This paper implements FBNTT DYMO using QualNet simulator. The QoS metrics used are: throughput, delay, jitter and First packet received. The experimental result reveals that FBNTT DYMO radically improves the QoS as compared with defacto NTT–DYMO.

A Survey on Routing Protocols and QoS in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

Objective: MANET is a collection of wireless mobile devices, mobility and scalable network. These key details are behind the fame of MANETs. A good survey is done on QoS and routing protocols. This study presents merits and demerits of some of the QoS routing protocols. Also, a thorough investigation has been carried out on the current problems and feature trials that are in the field of MANETs. Findings: Every routing protocol must provide Quality of Service (QoS): With intent to improve bandwidth, delay, jitter, and energy consumption. The purpose of any ad-hoc network routing protocol is to meet these challenges. Therefore, it becomes an essential parameter for MANETs to develop a proficient routing and QoS procedures. Some QoS routing-protocols are proposed newly by various characteristics. A similar survey is done on QoS and routing protocols. It has been observed that Maximizing accuracy, Minimizing overhead, Maintaining route, Reserving resources, reducing power utilization, reliability are unsolved issues. Applications: The designing of these routing protocols is an interesting task because of mobility, the dynamic behavior of the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. This study is helpful for designing new routing protocols with improved QoS in MANETs.

Mobility prediction in mobile ad hoc networks using neural learning machines

Recent advances in wireless and mobile computing have paved the way for an unprecedented demand growth for mobile services and applications. These services and applications communicate and exchange information using wireless local area networks (WLANs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, new design challenges emerge due to the error-proneness, self-organization and mobility nature of these networks. This paper proposes a neural learning-based solution to the problems associated with the mobility of MANET nodes where future changes in the network topology are efficiently predicted. Using synthetic and real-world mobility traces, the proposed predictor does not only outperform existing mobility prediction algorithms but achieves accuracy scores higher by an order of magnitude. The attained accuracy enables the proposed mobility predictor to improve the overall quality of service in MANETs.

Predict Link Failure in AODV Protocol to provide Quality of Service in MANET

Quality of Service (QoS) in Ad hoc networks (MANETs) and more precisely in routing is the subject of several studies with the aim of providing better solutions for new applications requiring high throughput and very low delay. The objective of this work is to enhance the AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector) routing strategy in maintenance phase, to improve QoS. It aims to add a mechanism able to predict link failure in use based on signal strength which is able to determine if the quality of link will be improved (i.e. stable) or more bad (i.e. probability of failure) in order to allow us not only to make the link management more robust but to anticipate on link breaking and improve QoS. When signal quality is declining due to neighbor node remoteness, a discovery of a part of road rescue with two hops will be established and it will be used when disconnection happens. Simulations under Network Simulator (Ns2) were conducted to measure traffic control, packets delivery and lost ratio in original protocol and modified version which are presented in this paper. Index Terms—Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), AODV protocol, QoS, routing, signal strength, stable connection, Network Simulator NS2.

Literature Review of Load Balancing Routing Protocols in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is nothing but group of radio devices communicating with each other without using any physical infrastructure. MANET is widely used in day to day life applications, hence it is required that such network should perform efficiently. Efficiency of MANET is mainly depends on use of routing protocols. The efficiency of routing protocol is evaluated in terms of different Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. Achieving good QoS in MANET is more challenging as compared to wired networks due to mobile network, limited battery and no centralized control. Therefore different MANET routing protocols are introduced by various authors with goal of achieving efficient load balancing and QoS. In recent time, there are many new routing protocols were introduced those are presented for improving QoS. The aim of this paper is to give introduction to different MANET routing protocols and categories. Challenges and issues of achieving QoS in MANET then discussed different performance metrics which decides the QoS of MANET routing protocols. Finally presented different Load balancing routing protocols presented along with their merits and demerits are discussed.

An Optimized Genetic Stowed Biometric Approach to Potent QOS in MANET

Abstract Due to the self configuring and infra-structure less nature of MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network) optimization crunches, QOS(Quality of Service) contention and security breaches tend to occur. So, to rivet security of the mobile ad-hoc networks the proposed algorithm sifted in this paper cogitate biometric perception as the most innovative solution which incorporates exclusive iris features elicited by iris image procurement and perception system. QOS based issues of MANET are elucidated by genetic algorithm in this approach which results in optimized performance of the network. Significance of the approach conferred in the paper is stated through improved and better results compared with conventional secured approach of MANET.

A QoS Based DSR Routing Protocol for MANETs Using Bandwidth

Due to dynamic nature in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), Quality of Service (QoS) routing is one of the most critical issues. Many researches have been investigated QoS over different network architectures, but few of them focused on QoS in MANETs. In this paper, a bandwidth based DSR routing protocol is proposed (QoS-DSR). Extensions were added to DSR routing protocol so that the routes are selected to satisfy the bandwidth (BW) constraint in MANETs. Glomosim is used to simulate the proposed routing protocol, results were satisfactory over many performance metrics. Copyright © 2014 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

CHALLENGES, CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QOS SOLUTIONS IN MANET.

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure. Mobile nodes are communicating with each other over radio links. The large amount of real-time traffic involves high bandwidth and liable to congestion. Routing in MANET is a challenging task due to high mobility of nodes in a network. Quality of Service (QoS) is an important consideration in MANET. It is more difficult to guarantee QoS in MANETs than in other type of networks. To establish the routes and to secure the resources necessary to provide the QoS requires collaboration among the nodes. Therefore, QoS routing protocols face the challenge of delivering data to destinations. The appropriate QoS metrics should be used, such as bandwidth utilization, delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and jitter for QoS based routing. This paper provides the challenges, classification and comparison of some of the QoS solutions in MANET.Â

QoS Aware Multipath Threshold Routing for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Due to their dynamic topology and lack of central administration, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is a challenging task. QoS is crucial for supporting delay sensitive real-time services in MANETs. Due to the un-predictable behaviour and topology changes of such networks, routing protocols need to quickly and accurately capture and manage the delay, congestion and load at various locations of the network. This paper presents a novel threshold based multipath routing approach for enhanced QoS in MANETs. In this approach, when the available bandwidth of a link decreases below a defined threshold or average load or the forwarding delay at a node increases beyond a defined threshold, traffic is distributed over fail-safe multiple routes to reduce the load at a congested node. Through simulation results, we show that the proposed approach achieves improved QoS in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and throughput for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic when compared with Optimised Link State Routing (OLSR), a popular single path proactive protocol for MANETs.

Survey of various routing approaches based on quality-of-service (QoS) criteria in MANET

Now a day, Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) gained a lot of popularity in the research community. People realized that there is a commercial value in MANETs with the successful solutions of the most basic but important problems in network layer. Mostly all the applications that attracted interest in traditional wired networks (e.g. Audio/Video Transfer, Video Conferencing, Watching Online Movies/Sports, Camera-enabled Messenger, Online Gaming etc.) would attract interest for MANETs as well. Since real-time multimedia communications will be common in MANETs, there has been an increasing motivation on the introduction of QoS in such networks. But, many characteristics of MANETs make QoS provisioning a difficult problem. In MANETs, providing QoS guarantees is very difficult and challenging than in traditional wired networks, mainly due to multihop communications, contention for channel access, node mobility and a lack of central coordination. However, in the last few years, much research attention has focused on providing QoS guarantees in MANET routing protocols. QoS routing protocol/mechanism is key issue in provision of QoS in MANETs. There are number of QoS routing approaches have been proposed in literature, focusing on different QoS metrics but no particular protocol/mechanism provides overall solution. There are some major open research issues in this area such as QoS metric selection and cost function design, Multi-class traffic, Scheduling mechanism at source, Packet prioritization for control messages, QoS routing that allows preemption, and QoS in Heterogeneous networks. There are still many open questions that must be solved to improve the performance of QoS-aware routing protocols such as bandwidth/delay estimation, route discovery, resource reservation, route maintenance, cross-layer design, energy consumption, multicast QoS routing etc.

Delay aware Reactive Routing Protocols for QoS in MANETs: a Review

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks, which do not require any infrastructure support for transferring data packets between mobile nodes. These nodes communicate in a multi-hop mode; each mobile node acting both as a host and router. The main function of Quality of Service (QoS) routing in MANETs is to establish routes among different mobile nodes that satisfy QoS requirements such as bandwidth, end-to-end delay and to be able operate within the limited energy constraints. Efficient QoS routing protocols are required by most commercial, real-time and multimedia applications. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols are two of the most on-demand protocols used in MANETs. These protocols use shortest path as a main metric to establish routing between source and destination. However, they are designed primarily as best effort services and as such they do not fully heed QoS requirements as required by MANETs. This paper presents an overview of reactive routing protocols in QoS which use delay as a main metric.

Efficient Heuristic Based on Clustering Approach for OLSR

Due to the dynamic nature of mobile ad hoc network (MANET), the quality of service (QoS) requires several improvements. The present papercomeswithin the framework of research to optimize QoS in MANET. In this paper, we propose a novel version of OLSR based on the clustering approach which is inspired from Lin and Chu heuristic and adapted to beimplemented inOLSR. We studied its stability and we compared its performances to those of standard OLSR. The metrics we used in evaluating network performances were average end-to-end delay, control routing overhead, and packet delivery ratio. Experimental results show that our alternative significantly reduces the traffic reserved to monitoring the network, which positively influences other performances such as throughput, delay, and loss.