Quality Of Service Balancing Research Articles

The Associated of Perceived Service Quality to Customer Behaviour Towards Use and Purchase Intention in Freemium Services

The rise of the freemium business model has presented challenges for service developers in balancing service quality and generating demand for premium offerings. This study examines the relationship between perceived service quality, continued use of freemium services, and the decision to purchase premium content in the context of online events. The research focuses on LombaCademy, an educational platform who currently developing new online program names sharing sessions. Drawing on data collected from participants of LombaCademy's webinars (N = 220), this research utilized the PLS-SEM method through SmartPLS software. the objectives of the study are to examine the impact of service quality dimensions, including tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, on continued use of free services and the decision to purchase premium products or features. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between empathy and tangibility to use intention. Moreover, use intention was found to have a significant direct and total effect on purchase intention, highlighting the importance of fostering use intention to drive purchase behaviour. Notably, reliability was identified as another significant predictor of purchase intention These findings provide valuable insights for LombaCademy's business strategies in the competitive landscape of freemium services, particularly in the education industry. However, it is important to note the limitations of this study. The findings are based on a specific time and a sample of participants who have attended LombaCademy's webinars, which may limit generalizability to other service contexts or industries. Future research could explore the moderating effects of contextual factors and examine the role of emerging technologies to further enhance service quality and consumer behaviour in online events.

Performance Improvement of Multi-Robot Data Transmission in Aggregated Robot Processing Architecture with Caches and QoS Balancing Optimization

Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2) is a robotic software that uses a set of Quality of Service (QoS) policies to manage the quality of robot data transmissions in a network, such as the RELIABLE and KEEP_LAST options. In ROS 2 node communication, the RELIABLE connection guarantees that all message data can be properly sent from the publisher to the subscriber. However, strict reliability is not guaranteed if the RELIABLE connection uses the KEEP_LAST option to transmit the robot data in the publish–subscribe communication. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of local cache, cache control, and QoS balancing optimization to improve ROS 2 node communication when using the RELIABLE and KEEP_LAST options to transmit multi-robot data in Aggregated Robot Processing (ARP) architecture. Our idea in local cache and cache control is to streamline the sensor data output before processing it when the sensor device produces the data with the same value in a row. Furthermore, QoS balancing optimization aims to balance the DEPTH and DEADLINE QoS configuration to determine the rates and buffer size in ROS 2 node communication. This study shows that combining local cache and QoS balancing optimization improves multi-robot data transmission and cooperation in ARP architecture.

The Network Load Balancer in Decentrilized Systems

This article explores the implementation of network load balancing in decentralized systems using OpenWrt, Quality of Service (QoS), and traffic balancing techniques. The increasing demand for high-quality net- work services and the surge in network traffic requires the adoption of more efficient load-balancing methods to main- tain network performance. This paper discusses the use of OpenWrt, an open-source firmware for network routers, to configure and manage network traffic. The article also covers the implementation of QoS and traffic balancing techniques to optimize network performance and reduce network congestion. The study employs iperf3 to evaluate network performance and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed network load-balancing approach. The index terms include OpenWrt, QoS, balancing, traffic, and ip- erf3.

Multi‐objective routing algorithms for low‐earth orbit satellite network

SummaryThe low‐earth orbit (LEO) satellite network, composed of a large number of satellite nodes, is a hot research topic at present. Due to the characteristics of the large‐scale LEO satellite network, such as many satellite nodes, short orbit period, large dynamic change of topology, and unstable link‐state, its communication quality of service (QoS) requirements are difficult to meet. Aiming at this problem, various factors that may affect data transmission are first analyzed. The network link selection problem is modeled as a multi‐constraint optimization decision problem, a routing mathematical model based on linear programming (LP) is designed, and its solution is solved. Aiming at the problem of limited onboard computing resources, a multi‐object optimization Dijkstra algorithm (MOODA) is designed. The MOODA finds the optimal path according to the comprehensive performance of the link. It solves the problems of poor comprehensive QoS performance and the low degree of load balancing of the paths found by the Dijkstra algorithm. The simulation results show that the paths found by the two algorithms have good QoS, robustness, and load balancing performance.

Traffic Engineering in a Shared Inter-DC WAN via Deep Reinforcement Learning

To reduce the investment on network infrastructure, many online service providers have begun to adopt the shared inter-DataCenter Wide Area Network (inter-DC WAN) that connects different datacenters and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The shared inter-DC WAN accommodates two kinds of traffic, i.e. delay-sensitive ISP-facing traffic and high-throughput inter-DC traffic. Traffic Engineering (TE) in the shared inter-DC WAN should determine the routing paths for all traffic to achieve link load balancing, while select lower-latency egress routers for ISP-facing traffic to guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS). Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on jointly optimizing routing paths selection and egress router selection to strike a balance between QoS and link load balancing. Specifically, we first formulate the TE problem in the shared inter-DC WAN as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Then, a TED method is proposed to jointly optimize the egress router selection and routing path selection by learning an intelligent agent with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The learnt agent can self-adaptively and rapidly select the optimal egress routers by considering the utilization-latency balance when traffic demand changes. Finally, we conduct extensive evaluations on Alibaba WAN with real traffic traces to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Balancing Service Quality and Risk Management in a Nursing-Care Facility:

Balancing Service Quality and Risk Management in a Nursing-Care Facility:

Balancing QoS and Security in the Edge: Existing Practices, Challenges, and 6G Opportunities With Machine Learning

While the emerging 6G networks are anticipated to meet the high-end service quality demands of the mobile edge users in terms of data rate and delay satisfaction, new attack surfaces and zero-day attacks continue to pose significant threats to their successful realization and rollouts. Traditionally, most service provisioning techniques considered security metrics separately from the Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Expectation (QoE) parameters. The QoS/QoE parameters include data throughput, experienced delay, tolerable latency, jitter, resource utilization rate, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, fairness, and other emerging key performance indicators (KPIs). Also, there are various security attributes, such as encryption key strength, authentication strength, network anomaly score, privacy metric, and so on. Typically the resource allocation optimization techniques to maximize the security aspects to protect the communication of mobile users or user equipment (UEs) have an adverse effect on the service quality. Therefore, a key research gap exists in balancing service quality and security levels in communication networks that has been either overlooked or identified in a rather scattered manner by researchers in the recent decade. Thus, a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art to clearly address this research gap and outline the possible solutions is yet to appear in the existing literature. In this paper, we address this by surveying the existing practices, challenges, and opportunities in the emerging 6G (i.e., beyond 5G) networks, where various AI (Artificial Intelligence)-based techniques such as deep learning meet the classical optimization techniques, to balance the service performance and security levels. Several networking topologies with relevant use-cases are included in the survey to discuss the existing and emerging trends of isolated as well as joint treatment of service and security levels. Lessons learned from each use-case are provided to demonstrate a clear road map for the interested readers and researchers in emerging networks to construct a natively combined service and security ecosystem, specifically in the network edge.

KLPPS: A k-Anonymous Location Privacy Protection Scheme via Dummies and Stackelberg Game

Protecting location privacy has become an irreversible trend; some problems also come such as system structures adopted by location privacy protection schemes suffer from single point of failure or the mobile device performance bottlenecks, and these schemes cannot resist single-point attacks and inference attacks and achieve a tradeoff between privacy level and service quality. To solve these problems, we propose a k-anonymous location privacy protection scheme via dummies and Stackelberg game. First, we analyze the merits and drawbacks of the existing location privacy preservation system architecture and propose a semitrusted third party-based location privacy preservation architecture. Next, taking into account both location semantic diversity, physical dispersion, and query probability, etc., we design a dummy location selection algorithm based on location semantics and physical distance, which can protect users’ privacy against single-point attack. And then, we propose a location anonymous optimization method based on Stackelberg game to improve the algorithm. Specifically, we formalize the mutual optimization of user-adversary objectives by using the framework of Stackelberg game to find an optimal dummy location set. The optimal dummy location set can resist single-point attacks and inference attacks while effectively balancing service quality and location privacy. Finally, we provide exhaustive simulation evaluation for the proposed scheme compared with existing schemes in multiple aspects, and the results show that the proposed scheme can effectively resist the single-point attack and inference attack while balancing the service quality and location privacy.

An Improved Proportional Fair Scheduling Algorithm for Downlink LTE Cellular Network

Abstract: Network providers of LTE networks can achieve maximum gain and Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of their users by employing a radio resource management technique that has the ability to allocate resource blocks to users in a fair manner without compromising the capacity of the network. This implies that for a better performing LTE network, a fair scheduling and balanced QoS delivery for various forms of traffic are needed. In this paper an improved proportional fair scheduling algorithm for downlink LTE cellular network has been developed. This algorithm was implemented using a MATLAB-based System Level simulator by Vienna University. The developed algorithm was compared to other scheduling algorithms such as the Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm, Best Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), and Round Robin (RR) scheduling methods. The system performance was also analyzed under different scenarios using different performance metrics. The achieved results showed that the developed algorithm had a better throughput performance than the Round Robin and Proportional fair scheduling. The developed algorithm shows improved cell edge throughputs of about 19.2% (as at 20 users) and 9.1% higher for cell edge users without and with mobility impact respectively. The Best CQI algorithm had higher peak throughput values but the fairness was highly compromised. The developed algorithm outperforms the Best CQI by 136.6% without the impact of mobility. Finally, in dense conditions, the developed algorithm still outperforms the other algorithms with a QoS metric of 4.6% increment when compared to the PF algorithm which was the closest competitor. Keywords: UE, eNodeB, Scheduling, Proportional Fair, LTE,

Food is good for you (and the planet): Balancing service quality and sustainability in hospitality

Purpose of the paper: Although environmental awareness is growing among hospitality customers, some environmental initiatives may lower personal comfort and overall service quality; therefore, hospitality managers need to find a balance between service quality and environmental preservation. The aim of the research is twofold: first, to investigate whether various environmentally sustainable practices affect customers’ behavioral intentions differently, and second, to investigate if customers display more positive intentions toward a specific practice that is supposed to enhance overall service quality (i.e. serving local food). Methodology: The empirical research is conducted through an online survey of 237 respondents. Respondents were asked to rate on a 5-point Likert scale the extent to which different sustainable practices affect their hotel selection process, their expected satisfaction during the stay, and their willingness to pay a higher price. Results: Results show that all environmentally sustainable practices positively influence the hotel selection process and expected satisfaction, though to differing extents, but that few practices positively influence customers’ willingness to pay a higher price. Local food is the initiative that stimulates the most positive behavioral intentions across all the dimensions. Research limitations: The study addresses almost only Italian respondents and, at the moment, examines behavioral intentions rather than actual behaviors. Originality of the paper: The study supports the idea that environmental sustainability is a multidimensional concept, and that different practices have different effects on customers’ intentions. It adds to current knowledge that initiatives such as serving local food, which are also considered to enhance service quality and are connected to personal health, can produce a significantly more positive impact.

A Hybrid Downlink Scheduling Approach for Multi-Traffic Classes in LTE Wireless Systems

The developments in wireless technology and applications in recent years have increased the interest in downlink scheduling and resource allocations among researchers. Moreover, fair scheduling and balanced Quality of Service (QoS) delivery for various forms of traffic are needed for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless systems. This paper proposes hybrid QoS-aware downlink scheduling approaches that aim to address different traffic classes and balance the QoS delivery with improvements to the overall system performance under channel and bandwidth constraints. Moreover, this research introduces a taxonomy that classifies the scheduling algorithms into four main classes: delay aware, queue aware, target bit-rate aware and hybrid aware. The latter class is the scheduling class that is proposed in this paper; it considers channel, queue and delay parameters in its scheduling metric. Using simulations, we compare and analyze different downlink scheduling rules for their network-centric performance metrics, e.g., average packet loss ratio, average throughput, average packet delay, system fairness, and system spectral efficiency. The simulation results show that the queue-aware and delay-aware scheduling rules deliver the best QoS performance for video traffic classes, whereas our proposed hybrid scheduling rules deliver balanced QoS for various types of traffic classes. Employing QoS balancing scheduling rules in an LTE downlink is suggested to provide high QoS delivery for different traffic classes.

A quality of service load balanced connected dominating set–stochastic diffusion search (CDS–SDS) network backbone for MANET

Owing to its dynamic topology with the lack of its central administration, the provisioning of quality of service (QoS) in case of the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has been found to be a challenging task. The QoS and load balancing will be crucial for the support of delay sensitive services in the MANET. The probability of route failure in the MANET will be increased owing to the node mobility that will increase its routing overhead. The Multi-path routing protocols will have a greater ability in the reduction of the routing overheads. In this work, ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing (AOMDV) and QoS-AOMDV are investigated and a connected dominating set (CDS) that is an energy efficient scheme which can prolong the lifetime of the network is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, an optimal minimal residual energy with a maximum effective degree of the nodes for the purpose of back bone formation. The optimal weight-based coefficients will be determined by the stochastic diffusion search (SDS) and its algorithm. After this, while choosing nodes for the dominating set (DS) and its formation, such coefficients will be used.

Frequency planning for clustered jointly processed cellular multiple access channel

Owing to limited resources, it is hard to guarantee minimum service levels to all users in conventional cellular systems. Although global cooperation of access points (APs) is considered promising, practical means of enhancing efficiency of cellular systems is by considering distributed or clustered jointly processed APs. The authors present a novel `quality of service (QoS) balancing scheme' to maximise sum rate as well as achieve cell-based fairness for clustered jointly processed cellular multiple access channel (referred to as CC-CMAC). Closed-form cell level QoS balancing function is derived. Maximisation of this function is proved as an NP hard problem. Hence, using power-frequency granularity, a modified genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. For inter site distance (ISD) <; 500 m, results show that with no fairness considered, the upper bound of the capacity region is achievable. Applying hard fairness restraints on users transmitting in moderately dense AP system, 20% reduction in sum rate contribution increases fairness by upto 10%. The flexible QoS can be applied on a GA-based centralised dynamic frequency planner architecture.

Asset management frameworks for outdoor composite insulators

Power supply utilities are continuously working to maintain reliable and efficient electrical networks that meet the growing demand for electricity. This is a complex task in which appropriate maintenance, refurbishment and replacement policies for all the assets are critical. Optimising business processes through these constitutes a key challenge of balancing service quality and stakeholder value. Here we present two frameworks that can be used to effectively condition monitor both ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and silicone rubber (SiR) composite insulators during their lifetime in service. The frameworks are tools to assist asset management decision making. The first framework is derived from a generalized dielectric ageing framework and a more specific one on composite insulators that points out the elements that govern composite insulator materials? ageing on power transmission and distribution lines. The second framework defines four aged states in relation to the risk to failure that a composite insulator has in service before its replacement. Properties of materials that can be measured in order to identify ageing are reviewed. The techniques available as engineering tools for measuring these properties are introduced. These are distinguished as techniques that can be carried out on-line and off-line, and as destructive and non-destructive tests. These techniques are then reviewed in the context of monitoring and maintaining reliable and efficient operation of power networks.

Radio Resource Management of Composite Wireless Networks: Predictive and Reactive Approaches

Recently, the IEEE 1900.4 standard specified a policy-based radio resource management (RRM) framework in which the decision making process is distributed between network-terminal entities. The standard facilitates the optimization of radio resource usage to improve the overall composite capacity and quality of service (QoS) of heterogeneous wireless access networks within a composite wireless network (CWN). Hence, the study of different RRM techniques to maintain either a load- or QoS-balanced system through dynamic load distribution across a CWN is pivotal. In this paper, we present and evaluate three primary RRM techniques from different aspects, spanning across predictive versus reactive to model-based versus measurement-based approaches. The first technique is a measurement-based predictive approach, known as predictive load balancing (PLB), commonly employed in the network-distributed RRM framework. The second technique is a model-based predictive approach, known as predictive QoS balancing (PQB), typically implemented in the network-centralized RRM framework. The third technique is a measurement-based reactive approach, known as reactive QoS balancing (RQB), anchored in the IEEE 1900.4 network-terminal distributed RRM framework. Comprehensive performance analysis between these three techniques shows that the IEEE 1900.4-based RQB algorithm yields the best improvement in QoS fairness and aggregate end-user throughput while preserving an attractive baseline QoS property.

Cooperative radio resource management framework for future IP-based multiple radio access technologies environment

Heterogeneity and convergence are two distinctive connotations of future wireless networks emanated from International Telecommunications Union (ITU)'s vision of Optimally Connected, Anywhere, Anytime. Multiple access networks, multiple terminals and multiple services are expected to converge in a manner where heterogeneity can be exploited to realize this ultimate goal. This raises the importance of radio resource management (RRM) for a multiple radio access technologies (multi-RAT) environment, where coalitions of heterogeneous access networks are each connected to a common Internet Protocol (IP)-based core network. In this article, we develop a cooperative RRM framework for future IP-based multi-RAT environment to coordinate better utilization of radio resources in an opportunistic yet altruistic manner. We motivate the importance of cooperation which can exploit heterogeneity as an enabler to improve system capacity and quality of service (QoS) of users. We exemplify the proof of concept based on a heterogeneous multiple access points (multi-AP) wireless local area network (WLAN) and argue that our technology agnostic approach is readily applicable to future IP-based multi-RAT environment. We demonstrate that our cooperative RRM framework benefits from the unified actions of joint optimization and results in a QoS-balanced system by enabling different functional entities to form synergies and multiple access networks to interact. We further show that a QoS-balanced system has salient traits of providing statistical QoS guarantee to support demanding multimedia applications while maximizing overall system capacity. Consequently, we advocate the notion of QoS balancing as criterion to quantify the state of balance in future IP-based multi-RAT environment.

Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) as a communications tool in South African business

Internationally many businesses have implemented Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as an alternative to the traditional plain old telephone system (POTS). The increased functionality of VoIP offers many benefits, including the enhancement of a client’s shopping experience, effective utilisation of staff, and possible cost savings. Business management may be able to gain a competitive advantage by utilising the advantages that VoIP holds, but there are a number of risks to be considered and mitigated. Managing these risks is ultimately management’s responsibility. Risks include amongst others eavesdropping or hijacking of calls, and balancing quality of service with security control implementation and costs. This article investigates the use of VoIP compared to POTS as a communications tool in the South African business environment. The article includes a literature review of the topic, an explanation of the basic concept of VoIP, and the identification of major advantages and risks. The article aims to provide management with insight into what VoIP is what possible benefits it could hold for their business, and what the risks are. It is hoped that this article will serve as a tool in the decision-making process by consolidating data that is currently available. Key words: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Plain old Telephone System (POTS), communication, risks, business in South Africa.

Satisfaction in performing arts: the role of value?

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to report on the structure and relationships between value and satisfaction in a cultural performing arts setting to identify the structure of satisfaction in the performing arts context.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines customer attitudes to value, show experience quality and peripheral service quality in a high arts setting by using a questionnaire. The pool of questions used the most recent scale measures for constructs in the area of services, in particular experiential services. The data are tested using AMOS 5.0 structural equation modelling.FindingsThis paper reports that value mediates the relationship of show experience quality and peripheral service quality to satisfaction and the direct link of these pathways to satisfaction was not significant. This research supports the notion that customers determine service satisfaction based on attribute performance of the show and peripheral service aspects, and derive value from this.Practical implicationsThis research informs cultural organisation managers of the importance of delivering high levels of service quality and show experience in order to offer a value for money experience. This paper identifies the importance of understanding the heterogeneous and complex nature of customer‐derived value.Originality/valueThis paper examines a service sector that receives little attention. Cultural organisations operate as non‐profit organisations and are accountable for scarce fund allocation. Government support has decreased and corporate sponsorship is scarce and competitive. This paper offers assistance to organisations in the quest to balance the economic issues and constraints by creating value and satisfaction and balancing service quality and show delivery.

Control handling in real-time communication protocols

In order to guarantee real-time services in a network architecture, resource reservation schemes seem most effective. In such protocols, dynamic protocol parameter control is necessary to support balanced quality of service for applications which are allocated the resources of the system, but timeliness of protocol control negotiation has never been emphasized.We have proposed RtP, a general purpose real-time protocol which supports virtual channels used exclusively for control information processing in an internet-work. However, our first proposal did not provide an effective mechanism for preallocating control channels thus presenting an overhead in gateways.This paper presents a simple new protocol for managing control reservations on each subnetwork of an internet; it is called the Virtual Control Setup Protocol (VCSP). It provides an interface between the network layer and the data link layer for ensuring the timeliness of control information. The effectiveness of VCSP is investigated and demonstrated by a prototype implementation.