QoS Architecture Research Articles

POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING THE VOICE SERVICES QUALITY IN 5G NETWORKS

Background. The introduction of fifth-generation (5G) networks creates new opportunities for fast and continuous data exchange, but there are still some problems with the quality of voice services in such networks. With the rapid development of technology and the further spread of 5G, there is a need to understand the impact of key aspects of 5G on voice quality. This requires research that can systematically analyse the features of 5G networks that affect the quality of voice services.
 Objective. Identification of ways to improve the quality of voice services in 5G networks. Assessment of key indicators of voice service quality in 5G networks. Determination of the best option for the gradual transition to the Standalone mode and the use of VoNR technology in the fifth generation networks.
 Methods. Analysis of factors affecting the quality of voice services in fifth-generation networks. Analysis of well-known publications on the implementation of 5G networks. Comparison of the implementation of Non-Standalone and Standalone modes in the 5G network. Testing of the modern EVS codec, which provides an opportunity to improve the customer experience.
 Results. Confirmation that 5G networks can significantly improve the quality of voice services compared to previous mobile communication technologies such as 4G and 3G. Certain factors that may affect the quality of voice services and require additional attention when planning and deploying 5G networks are identified. The optimal steps for the transition to the Standalone mode and the use of VoNR technology in fifth-generation networks are determined. The main differences in the QoS architecture between LTE and 5G are identified, and the purpose of DRB flows for separating traffic types and services is established.
 Conclusions. It has been confirmed that 5G networks can significantly improve the quality of voice services compared to previous technologies such as 4G and 3G. This is possible due to the broadband capabilities of 5G networks, improved data transmission, low latency, the use of an advanced EVS codec and reduced response time. However, certain factors, such as network coverage, optimisation level and traffic characteristics, can affect the quality of voice services and require additional attention when planning and deploying 5G networks. The QoS management architecture consists of QoS flows, which allow separating packet assignment to flows (managed by the CN) from the assignment of DRB flows (managed by the RAN). As 5G networks are being rolled out gradually, it is important to properly integrate the 5G domain into the existing telecoms provider's network. The transition from Non-Standalone to Dual connectivity is a necessary step for the implementation of VoNR technology in Standalone mode. Using the modern EVS codec allows not only improving the customer experience, but also introducing new voice services.

Design and Implementation of a Self Adaptive Architecture for QoS (SAAQ) in IoT based Wireless Networks

Design and Implementation of a Self Adaptive Architecture for QoS (SAAQ) in IoT based Wireless Networks

AQMDRL: Automatic Quality of Service Architecture Based on Multistep Deep Reinforcement Learning in Software-Defined Networking

Software-defined networking (SDN) has become one of the critical technologies for data center networks, as it can improve network performance from a global perspective using artificial intelligence algorithms. Due to the strong decision-making and generalization ability, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been used in SDN intelligent routing and scheduling mechanisms. However, traditional deep reinforcement learning algorithms present the problems of slow convergence rate and instability, resulting in poor network quality of service (QoS) for an extended period before convergence. Aiming at the above problems, we propose an automatic QoS architecture based on multistep DRL (AQMDRL) to optimize the QoS performance of SDN. AQMDRL uses a multistep approach to solve the overestimation and underestimation problems of the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm. The multistep approach uses the maximum value of the n-step action currently estimated by the neural network instead of the one-step Q-value function, as it reduces the possibility of positive error generated by the Q-value function and can effectively improve convergence stability. In addition, we adapt a prioritized experience sampling based on SumTree binary trees to improve the convergence rate of the multistep DDPG algorithm. Our experiments show that the AQMDRL we proposed significantly improves the convergence performance and effectively reduces the network transmission delay of SDN over existing DRL algorithms.

A Comparative Investigation on Different QoS Mechanisms in Multi-Homed Networks

The current wireless communication system in Iraq faces several challenges during users’ handoff, especially with the fast growth of users and demands. This is also a global issue; therefore, quality of service (QoS) measures have rapidly become more important and developed over the years. The complexity of communication between diverse applications and underlying QoS architectures leads to these deployment problems, which decreases the utility of QoS provisioning. This paper studies different QoS aggregation mechanisms in order to improve the overall operational efficiency of the multi-homed node. The main QoS mechanisms, i.e., IntServ, DiffServ, best-effort, and IntServ-DiffServ were investigated and compared thoroughly. Furthermore, it focuses on the multi-homed network that aims to develop a scalable system with better performance, reliability, and optimized communication networks. In this paper, multi-homed network enhancements are carried out with the comparable site and host multi-homing. The results show how the IntServ-DiffServ has achieved the best overall performance compared to the other mechanisms as it combines the advantages of the IntServ and DiffServ mechanisms. Another important finding was that the multi-homing managed to keep the communication going on the multi-homed node, whereas the site-multi-homing gave a better overall end-to-end latency over the host-multi-homing.

Symmetric Algorithm for Detection of Coverage Hole in Wireless Sensor Network

For the problems of traditional overburden hole detection methods, such as overtime, low accuracy and high running cost, etc. A multi factor reliable coverage hole detection method based on LEACH algorithm is proposed. Based on the analysis of the QoS architecture of wireless sensor networks and the research of representative network layer symmetry protocols, a symmetric network model is constructed according to the selection of gateway performance parameters, gateway selection criterion function and symmetry criterion, and a symmetric criterion design and optimization strategy is given. It uses this strategy to improve LEACH algorithm in three aspects. Two reliability optimization factors are added to the similarity calculation of coverage hole detection, which are node intrusion optimization factor and multipath transmission optimization factor respectively. Multipath transmission optimization factor is used in data transmission. In hostile environments, in order to avoid a large number of malicious nodes interfering with real data, the data containing noise should be filtered and processed. Then, the similarity is calculated by multi-path transmission optimization factor, and the coverage holes of wireless sensor networks are detected by weighted average. The experimental results show that the proposed method takes less time to detect the covering holes, which has higher detection accuracy and lower operation cost.

Analysis of Security of QoS in WiMAX and Mobile Networks

In this paper we discuss several elements of importance for securing QoS in multimedia networks. Firstly, we present the first factor, which refers to understanding the characteristics of multimedia traffic in order to define and implement the QoS requirements. Secondly, factor refers to translation between QoS parameters that implies the distribution of system and network resources, and thirdly the factor establishes the appropriate QoS architecture that can provide the required QoS guarantees for multimedia applications. We have been analyzing security-critical applications such as remote operation, which may require a guaranteed level of availability (hard QoS). There are basically two ways to secure a guaranteed QoS. The first is simply to provide a lot of resources, enough to meet the expected peak (peak) requirements with a significant security margin. This approach generously oversupplies the (over provisioning) network. We gave a detailed security analysis as features of WiMAX. More precisely, our analysis is based on the claim that its key feature of the WiMAX network is that the security layer is built into the protocol leg instead of being added later, i.e. the security layer is complex between PHY and MAC layers.

QoS aware cross layer paradigm for urban development applications in IoT

Large number of services and heterogeneity of the objects have made Internet of Things (IoT) a complex paradigm. It is necessary to placate the requirements of quality of service metrics for IoT model of urban development. Rapid delivery and continuation of services to the customers without delay, is first and foremost requisite. Applications of IoT, require service centered IoT model which should be stable, scalable, energy efficient and re-configurable. This paper, proposes a service oriented cross layer solution for IoT–QoS architecture. In the three layer model, QoS module at the application layer exploits the optimization by exhausting the acquaintance of each component. Network layer deals with the issues of transmission of packets in energy efficient manner where stability plays a crucial role for the heterogeneous objects. Resources are allocated and reallocated to the requested services in optimal way at sensing layer. The proposed IoT–QoS model for urban development applications is capable of optimizing the traditional methods and encases the network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption.

An Architecture for QoS-Aware Fog Service Provisioning

Abstract The proliferation of IoT technologies and the broad deployment of sensors and IoT devices are changing the way and the speed of delivery of many services. IoT data streams are typically transmitted to cloud services for processing. However, time-sensitive IoT applications cannot tolerate high latency they may experience when IoT data streams are sent to the cloud. Fog computing-based solutions for this kind of applications are becoming more and more attractive due to the low latency they can provide and guarantee. Given the growing deployments of fog nodes, we propose in this paper an architecture for quality of service (QoS) aware fog service provisioning, which allows to schedule the execution of IoT applications’ tasks on a cluster of fog nodes. A fog broker component can implement various scheduling policies to help IoT applications fulfill their QoS requirements. The results of the simulations we performed show that using some simple strategies, it is possible to keep low the latency of applications and distribute the load among the fog nodes of the cluster.

Scalable Virtualization and Offloading-Based Software-Defined Architecture for Heterogeneous Statistical QoS Provisioning Over 5G Multimedia Mobile Wireless Networks

As a crucial step moving towards the next generation of super-fast wireless networks, recently the fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless networks have received a plethora of research attention and efforts from both the academia and industry. The 5G mobile wireless networks are expected to provision distinct delay-bounded quality of service (QoS) guarantees for a wide range of multimedia services, applications, and users with extremely diverse requirements. However, how to efficiently support multimedia services over 5G wireless networks has imposed many new challenging issues not encountered before in the fourth-generation wireless networks. To overcome these new challenges, we propose a novel network-function virtualization and mobile-traffic offloading based software-defined network (SDN) architecture for heterogeneous statistical QoS provisioning over 5G multimedia mobile wireless networks. Specifically, we develop the novel SDN architecture to scalably virtualize wireless resources and physical infrastructures, based on user’s locations and requests, into three types of virtual wireless networks: virtual networks without offloading, virtual networks with WiFi offloading, and virtual networks with device-to-device offloading. We derive the optimal transmit power allocation schemes to maximize the aggregate effective capacity, overall spectrum efficiency, and other related performances for these three types of virtual wireless networks. We also derive the scalability improvements of our proposed three integrated virtual networks. Finally, we validate and evaluate our developed schemes through numerical analyses, showing significant performance improvements as compared with other existing schemes.

Enhanced Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm in Computer Networks with Quality of Services

Nowadays there is an increase in transfer volumes of audio, video and other types of multimedia content in modern computer networks (CN). Multimedia streaming and multicasting applications have limited jitter and end-to-end delay requirements and do not allow full providing of all necessary conditions for efficient data transmission on the Internet. To provide quality of service (QoS) of streaming applications Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposed two QoS architectures: IntServ and DiffServ. However, these architectures have the limited ability of dynamical change in the movement of data flows and do not ensure compliance with all QoS requirements. Complexity in service of CN is often combined with incomplete compatibility of network decisions that involves dependence on the hardware manufacturers. The purpose of the work is the development of the enhanced dynamic load balancing algorithm in CN with QoS. The present work is dedicated to the simulation of software of dynamic load balancing processes. The results of the investigations of the offered algorithm on different topology of CN by 5 QoS-metrics are presented too. The assessment and comparison of the efficiency of the offered load-balancing algorithm with known analog such as Yen’s algorithm including traffic engineering (TE) module are executed.

Agile 5G Scheduler for Improved E2E Performance and Flexibility for Different Network Implementations

In this article, we present a holistic overview of the agile multi-user scheduling functionality in 5G. An E2E perspective is given, including the enhanced QoS architecture that comes with 5G, and the large number of scheduling related options from the new access stratum sub-layer, MAC, and PHY layer. A survey of the 5G design agreements from the recently concluded 5G Study in 3GPP is presented, and it is explained how to best utilize all these new degrees of freedom to arrive at an agile scheduling design that offers superior E2E performance for a variety of services with highly diverse QoS requirements. Enhancements to ensure efficient implementation of the 5G scheduler for different network architectures are outlined. Finally, state-of-the-art system level performance results are presented, showing the ability to efficiently multiplex services with highly diverse QoS requirements.

Towards a Security Enabled and SOA-based QoS (for the Smart Grid) Architecture

QoS and Security features are playing an important role in modern network architecures. Dynamic selection of services and by extension of service providers are vital in today’s liberalized market of energy. On the other hand it is equally important for Service Providers to spot the one QoS Module that offers the best QoS level in a given cost. Type of service, response time, availability and cost, consist a basic set of attributes that should be taken into consideration when building a concrete Grid network. In the proposed QoS architecture Prosumers request services based on the aforementioned set of attributes. The Prosumer requests the service through the QoS Module. It is then the QoS Module that seeks the Service Provider that best fits the needs of the client. The aforementioned approach is well supplemented with an in depth analysis on existing authentication and authorization protocols. The authors believe that QoS and security can work in parallel without adding extra burden in the Smart Grid infrastructure. This is feasible by building an in advance system for placing, scheduling, and assigning of the requests for energy consumption or production, thus decongesting the traffic in the whole network.

QoS provisioning in a service-oriented architecture targeting the smart grid world

In today's liberalised market of energy, dynamic selections of services (energy consumption or even energy production) and by extension of service providers are crucial. It is equally important for service providers to spot the one quality of service (QoS) module that offers the best QoS level in a given cost. Attributes like type of service, response time, throughput, availability and cost, form the basic set of attributes that should be taken into consideration when building a concrete/stable grid network. In the proposed QoS architecture, prosumers request services based on the aforementioned set of attributes. The prosumer requests the service through a QoS module. Afterwards, it is the QoS module's responsibility to seek the service provider that best serves the needs of the client.

Towards an adaptive SOA-based QoS & Demand-Response Provisioning Architecture for the Smart Grid

Dynamic selection of services and by extension of service providers are vital in today’s liberalized market of energy. On the other hand it is equally important for Service Providers to spot the one QoS Module that offers the best QoS level in a given cost. Type of service, response time, throughput, availability and cost, consist a basic set of attributes that should be taken into consideration when building a concrete Grid network. In the proposed QoS architecture Prosumers request services based on the aforementioned set of attributes. The Prosumer requests the service through the QoS Module. It is then the QoS Module that seeks the Service Provider that best fits the needs of the client. The aforementioned approach is well supplemented with a data analytics/machine learning architecture to further enrich the provisioning aspect this work is bringing to the Smart Grid market of energy.

Toward cloud computing QoS architecture: analysis of cloud systems and cloud services

Cloud can be defined as a new computing paradigm that provides scalable, on-demand, and virtualized resources for users. In this style of computing, users can access a shared pool of computing resources which are provisioned with minimal management efforts of users. Yet there are some obstacles and concerns about the use of clouds. Guaranteeing quality of service U+0028 QoS U+0029 by service providers can be regarded as one of the main concerns for companies tending to use it. Service provisioning in clouds is based on service level agreements representing a contract negotiated between users and providers. According to this contract, if a provider cannot satisfy its agreed application requirements, it should pay penalties as compensation. In this paper, we intend to carry out a comprehensive survey on the models proposed in literature with respect to the implementation principles to address the QoS guarantee issue.

QoS Routing for Multimedia Communication over Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A lot of intensive research has been carried out in the direction of providing multimedia communication over wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In MANET, various QoS problems exist such as inefficient routing, handling node mobility, power conservation, limited processing capabilities of network devices, high error rates. Wireless routing introduces new challenges as applying basic routing algorithms directly on MANET could lead to large power consumption, interference, and load-balancing problems. Many routing algorithms have been proposed as extensions to the basic routing algorithms to enhance their performance in MANETs. This paper summarizes existing solutions on QoS routing and resource reservation mechanisms in order to provide multimedia communication over MANET. It also considers the limitations of existing QoS models with regard to satisfying QoS in serving multimedia over MANET. The newest QoS architectures give much better results in providing QoS support. However, more refinements must be proposed in order to enhance further their performance in MANETs.

Multi-threaded QoS Architecture for Multimedia Services over Software Defined Networks

Multi-threaded QoS Architecture for Multimedia Services over Software Defined Networks

3GPP QoS-based scheduling framework for LTE

This paper proposes the design of a scheduling framework for the downlink of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system with the objective of meeting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements as defined by the QoS architecture of the 3G Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications. We carry out a thorough review of 3GPP specifications analyzing the requirements of the 3GPP QoS architecture. LTE bearers may be associated with a Guaranteed Bit Rate (i.e., GBR bearers) or not (i.e., non-GBR bearers). Additionally, the specifications establish a Packet Delay Budget (PDB) to limit the maximum packet transfer delay. To achieve our goal, we design a channel-aware service discipline for GBR bearers which is able to fulfill not only the GBR but also the PDB. Additionally, we also design an algorithm for prioritizing GBR and non-GBR bearers from different QoS Class Identifiers (QCIs) following 3GPP QoS rules. We compare the proposed framework with two reference schedulers by means of network-level simulations. The results will show the ability of the proposed framework to address the QoS requirements from 3GPP specifications while providing an interesting performance from a spectral efficiency viewpoint.

An Efficient QoS Support for Ubiquitous Networks

A ubiquitous application needs quality of service (QoS) guarantee to provide the required services to its users efficiently without any user intervention or requests. The ubiquitous applications demand QoS as per the current environment context. Providing QoS in a ubiquitous network is a challenging task as the network consists of several subnetworks of different technologies and controls. In this paper, we discuss a QoS architecture framework, which guarantees the promised QoS requirements of an application. The proposed architecture uses agents to predict the QoS requirements of the applications running on a node (called unode) by using the context and profile information of the user, and the history of the unode and the subnetwork. The framework communicates with the local administration of a subnetwork to allocate resources to the ubiquitous applications running on the unodes. We have simulated the proposed framework in a ubiquitous network consisting of several subnetworks. We have also modeled the QoS architecture to analyze the average service time of different applications running on the unodes and to examine the effect of background load of the local applications on the unodes.

Recent research advances in cloud computing and big data

Recent research advances in cloud computing and big data