Approach For Quality Of Service Research Articles

3GPP 5G V2X Error Correction Coding for Various Propagation Environments: A QoS Approach

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications is an emerging branch of wireless communications and has recently gained a lot of interest not only from academia but also from the automotive and telecommunications industry. An important feature of V2X telecommunication systems is that the communication quality varies quickly in time due to the high mobility of the transceivers and due to the rapid change in the fading characteristics of the communication medium. For this reason, it is vital to maintain tolerable quality of service (QoS) in a V2X communication environment, in terms of communication reliability, power, end-to-end latency, data rate, communication range, throughput and vehicle density. A significant impact on the quality parameters of the system has been the coding scheme used by the V2X telecommunication system. For this purpose, we examine the effect that popular coding schemes have on the QoS of a V2X communication system. More specifically, the impact of fourth-generation long-term evolution (4G-LTE) turbo codes, fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR) polar codes and 5G-NR low-density parity-check codes (LDPC) on the QoS parameters of a V2X communication system is researched. Το this end, we employ stochastic V2X propagation models that simulate every possible V2X channel state and traffic environment, based on the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 16 specifications. These propagation models form the basis of our study, since through them, at a first level, we analyze the frame error rate (FER) performance for different levels of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for all the aforementioned coding schemes and 128-bit V2X-compatible data frames, and, at a second level, we investigate the impact of these propagation models and coding schemes on the V2X QoS parameters. Our analysis shows that turbo-based coding schemes satisfy all the QoS parameters and achieve overall communication quality comparable to polar and better than LDPC, making them suitable for small-frame 5G V2X services.

Cloud Service Selection System Approach based on QoS Model: A Systematic Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) has received a lot of interest from researchers recently. IoT is seen as a component of the Internet of Things, which will include billions of intelligent, talkative "things" in the coming decades. IoT is a diverse, multi-layer, wide-area network composed of a number of network links. The detection of services and on-demand supply are difficult in such networks, which are comprised of a variety of resource-limited devices. The growth of service computing-related fields will be aided by the development of new IoT services. Therefore, Cloud service composition provides significant services by integrating the single services. Because of the fast spread of cloud services and their different Quality of Service (QoS), identifying necessary tasks and putting together a service model that includes specific performance assurances has become a major technological problem that has caused widespread concern. Various strategies are used in the composition of services i.e., Clustering, Fuzzy, Deep Learning, Particle Swarm Optimization, Cuckoo Search Algorithm and so on. Researchers have made significant efforts in this field, and computational intelligence approaches are thought to be useful in tackling such challenges. Even though, no systematic research on this topic has been done with specific attention to computational intelligence. Therefore, this publication provides a thorough overview of QoS-aware web service composition, with QoS models and approaches to finding future aspects.

Quality of Service aware secure data transmission model for Internet of Things assisted wireless sensor networks

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the most critical networks in developing various Internet of Things (IoT) based applications. However, such intelligent devices have drawbacks for energy, memory, processing, and computation resources. In addition, achieving Quality of Service (QoS) with secure data transmission (DT) is a significant challenge for WSNs. This article proposes efficient IoT authentication and energy‐aware safe DT models for achieving better QoS and security with lower energy consumption (EC) in WSNs. Initially, the network randomly deploys the sensor nodes (SNs) and performs the registration of the SNs with the base station (BS). Second, the Entropy‐based Jaccard similarity induced fuzzy C‐means clustering (EJS‐FCM) model clusters the SNs based on the intrinsic qualities of nodes. Then the boosted grasshopper optimization algorithm (BGOA) selects the cluster heads (CHs) optimally by considering major fitness parameters such as communication distance, energy, and distance centroid. Following that, an Adler‐32 hashing‐based authentication scheme performs authentication of every IoT node deployed in the network to provide safer DT. After successful authentication, secure hash elliptical curve cryptography (SHECC) encrypts the data collected from the CHs by incorporating a hashing function both in encryption and decryption, enhancing the IoT data's security level. Finally, in a cloud server (CS), the decentralized blockchain (BC) stores the encrypted data and the authentication credentials of the IoT devices from the BS, which provide additional security to the network. The results of the presented model show its performance efficiency over existing approaches for energy efficiency (EE), QoS, and security.

Energy Efficient QoS-Based Access Point Selection in Hybrid WiFi and LiFi IoT Networks

Ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) in next-generation networks would be challenging because of the expected manifolds increase in network traffic volume and the massive number of connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The increased resources on end-devices have made it possible to make decisions on the client-side for Access Point (AP) selection. On the other hand, due to power constraints on the client-side, energy efficiency is also essential. This paper presents a client-side energy-efficient AP selection approach for QoS provisioning in hybrid Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and Light Fidelity (LiFi) networks. Compared to conventional WiFi and LiFi approaches, the proposed technique outperforms them in energy efficiency at any data rate and in QoS provisioning at data rates higher than 10 Mbps for a network of 50 nodes. It is also shown that adapting the uplink transmission power improves the IoT node’s energy efficiency by transmitting at minimal transmission power required to satisfy the throughput QoS constraint. This paper’s contributions include the proposed algorithm, complexity and convergence analyses of the algorithm, simulation-based evaluation, and analysis of the uplink transmission power adaption. The results show that the presented technique could be integrated into next-generation networks for QoS provisioning and improving energy efficiency.

Performance analysis of telecommunications regulations in Nigeria: A quality of service approach

The revolution of wireless communications regulations in Nigeria signifies enhancement in ICT innovation, investment opportunities, fair competition and inclusive growth through, strategic collaboration and partnerships to protect and empower consumers. The demand for data in the 4G (Fourth Generation networks) and 5G (Fifth Generation networks) is becoming excessively high and the solution is being investigated to effectively utilize the available spectrum at the physical layer across different protocols to speed-up bandwidth access from 2.5 to 10 times to support new high-performance applications (e.g. e-health, high definition video streaming, network gaming, e-commerce, e-government etc.) To realize the above targets the operators need to provide some form of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) assurance. The 8-Point Agenda of the EVC/CEO of Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) factored upon a tripod of Availability, Accessibility and Affordability of Service, the Nigerian Communications Act 2003, the National Telecommunications Policy, the Strategic Management Plan of the Commission, the National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy and other extant regulatory provisions are utilized to regulate telecommunications services and promote universal access in Nigeria. This paper reviewed the QoS Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) like The CSSR, DCR, SDCONG, and TCHCONG CSSR, MTTR, and Power Availability for 2G, 3G and 4G according to the International Telecommunications Union Standards (ITU-T) and NCC criteria. Literature review on QoS and congestion control analysis were conducted and the research gaps were identified for the development of effective regulations and operational excellence. Recommendations were made on the way forward to explore the optimization of electricity supply to base station using hybrid system, renewable and green energy to reduce operational cost and emissions.

A Two-Stage Assessment Approach for QoS in Internet of Things based on Fuzzy Logic

In the sphere of IoT, one of the most significant issues is quality of service (QoS), which is critical for both developers and customers. As a result, IoT platform developers are working to enhance models that will meet consumer expectations in terms of IoT services meeting their expected specified levels of quality. The multidimensional architecture of the IoT platform, combined with the ambiguous mindset of consumers' thinking, makes QoS evaluation a difficult process. As a result, this study seeks to solve these issues and proposes a new paradigm for assessing QoS in IoT ecosystems. The proposed approach evaluates QoS in two steps, with the goal of assessing QoS at all levels. To address the issue of uncertainty, the metric values and QoS were represented using a fuzzy logic method. The model correctly estimated the QoS for 50 services in the dataset, and the results show that 16 services are classed as high quality, while 25 are rated as medium quality and the rest rated as low quality.

A novel scalable representative-based forecasting approach of service quality

Several approaches to forecast the service quality based on its quality of service (QoS) properties are reported in the literature. However, their main disadvantage resides in their limited scalability. In fact, they elaborate a forecasting model for each quality attribute per service, which cannot scale well for large or even medium size datasets of services. Accordingly, we propose a novel scalable representative-based forecasting approach of QoS. The QoS is modeled as a multivariate time series in which the values of service attributes are evaluated at each time instant and forecasted based on three stages. First, a data aggregation function is applied to the multivariate time series data. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to the quality attributes to determine the most relevant ones. The reduced data is then clustered, so that, a representative for each cluster is computed. Finally, a forecasting model is built for each cluster representative for the sake of deriving other services’ forecasting models. A set of extensive experiments are carried out to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach on a dataset of real services. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is up to 75% more efficient than direct forecasting approaches using time measurements while increasing the number of forecasted services and that the elaborated forecasting models enjoy insignificant forecasting errors.

Client-Centric Access Device Selection for Heterogeneous QoS Requirements in Beyond 5G IoT Networks

The expected manifolds increase in the traffic and the massive number of connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices would be a challenge to ensure a certain Quality of Service (QoS) in Beyond 5G (B5G) networks. Due to the increased availability of processing and energy resources and heterogeneous QoS requirements in modern IoT nodes, a client-centric access device selection approach for QoS provisioning in multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) scenario is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm provides the ability to specify node-specific QoS requirements at each node, a better access device selection, and improved network scalability. For experimental evaluation, a hybrid indoor network consisting of Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and Light Fidelity (LiFi) RATs has been considered. Experimental results show that the proposed technique outperforms several conventional client-based access device selection approaches by up to 32.66% in network emulation experiments and up to 50% in hardware experimentation. The contribution of this paper includes the proposed algorithm, its complexity and game-theory based convergence analyses, evaluation of the proposed algorithm using network emulation and hardware-based setups, and LiFi channel analysis. The analyses and results imply that the proposed algorithm could be utilized in next-generation IoT networks as it performs better than conventionally used access device selection techniques for QoS provisioning.

Measuring Contention and Congestion on Ad-Hoc Multicast Network Towards Satellite on Ka-Band and LiFi Communication Under Tropical Environment Region

Diversified interest in the low-cost broadband satellite has overgrown to support a wide range of services in the satellite network. There is a need to explore alternative parts of optical communication towards Light Fidelity (LiFi) to offload the overcrowded radio frequency segments and improve the overall throughput. Ad hoc networks are the most suitable solution to provide a non-trivial challenge towards system design due to efficiency and quality of service (QoS). Both contention and congestion issues can severely affect the performance of a multicast network where video streaming becomes part of the day-to-day life. In this paper, we present network congestion characterization related to LiFi and High Throughput Satellite (HTS) under the Ka-band modulation schemes during adverse weather conditions in the tropical region. The heterogeneous network performance presented in this paper comprehensively provides systematic information for Satellite communication (SatCom) & LiFi and optimization of throughput by reducing network contention ratio. The measurement results have shown that when Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) policy is applied, an improvement of 80.26% in the packet delivery ratio is achieved as compared when without a DPI policy. However, using an on-premise Software-defined-wide access network (SD-WAN) alone provides 58.20% improvement in the overall network system. As a result, DPI provides a well managed QoS approach to manage the entire hybrid network, mainly in the tropical environment region.

Decision-Making Approaches for Performance QoS in Distributed Storage Systems: A Survey

Distributed storage systems designed to offer explicit performance quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees must regulate the allocation and use of resources to achieve a user-specified level of service. QoS-driven systems employ decision-making techniques to decide on appropriate actions to take during initial deployment or under variations in workload and/or system configuration. In this survey we cover both traditional approaches to decision-making for explicit performance QoS (control theory, multi-dimensional constrained optimization, policy-based techniques) as well as more recent approaches based on machine-learning, offering a broad perspective to the state-of-the-art in the field. As performance prediction is a central concept in decision-making, we also summarize research on performance prediction techniques used in this context.

Anomalous Quality of Service Deterioration at Roundabouts Caused by Rainfall

The paper investigated the extent to which rainfall influences the quality of service delivery at multilane roundabouts using a novel quality of service approach. Quality of service is defined as how well roundabouts operate based on road users and road providers’ perception of service quality. Delay and reserve capacity were used respectively as proxies for road users and road providers’ perception of service quality. The entry and circulating traffic data were recorded continuously for eight weeks under dry, light, moderate, and heavy rainfall weather conditions at each surveyed roundabout, then collated, analysed and compared. Linear regression with dummy variable was used to model the roundabout entry capacity and a corrector factor was added to modify the regression function. The corrector factor considered different entry radii and entry angles of surveyed roundabouts. Multi-criteria quality of service table with travel time as proxy for road users and speed as proxy for road providers’ perception of service delivery was developed from peak traffic data and used to determine the extent of deterioration. The multi-criteria table introduced in the paper is a clear departure from the speed-based criteria used in many studies. The results show a significant increase in time delay and a decrease in reserve capacity relative to rainfall. The paper has concluded that rainfall has an anomalous negative effect on the quality of service at multilane roundabouts. The findings could be used in a variety of ways in traffic management to predict the travel time at roundabouts under rainy conditions and to prescribe speed limits accordingly.

Long-term vehicle reservations in one-way free-floating carsharing systems: A variable quality of service model

Reservations in daily services can improve user satisfaction, and give additional information about the demand patterns to the operators. However, providing reservations to carsharing clients is difficult. While carsharing is especially convenient if it is allowing one-way trips and vehicle drop-off anywhere in the service area (called free-floating), this flexibility increases management complexity because of vehicle stock imbalance. Most of the commercial providers of free-floating carsharing offer reservations under highly restrictive terms, for example only up to 30 min in advance. In this paper, we propose an innovative reservation enforcement technique that allows substantially longer reservation times while keeping the system profitable and achieving high service quality. A simple way to enforce reservations is locking vehicles until the departure time of a client. However, it comes at the cost of idling vehicles that could be used by other users and decreasing the revenue. Our approach, called relocations-based reservation enforcement method (R-BR) combines vehicle locking and relocation movements. It locks vehicles only a short time before the trip departure if a suitable vehicle is close enough due to the natural trip patterns. If no such vehicle is available, a car is relocated from another place. Further, we propose a variable quality of service (QoS) model in which the guaranteed radius around the user within which the reserved vehicle will be placed, and the maximum allowed reservation time before the departure depends on the zone of trip departure. A simulation-based optimization is used whereby the carsharing operation is simulated and optimized using an iterated local search (ILS) metaheuristic for adjustment of service level parameters. The proposed technique is tested on a set of artificial problem examples and a case study of a simulated working day in the Lisbon Municipality, Portugal. Results show that the proposed R-BR method is substantially better than the simple vehicle locking when the constant QoS approach is used and that the devised ILS metaheuristic can further increase the system performance, especially with high trip volumes.

Review on QoS Provisioning Approaches for Supporting Video Traffic in IEEE802.11e: Challenges and Issues

Recently, the demand for multimedia applications is dramatically increased, which in turn increases the portion of video traffic on the Internet. The video streams, which require stringent Quality of Service (QoS), are expected to occupy more than two-thirds of web traffic by 2019. IEEE802.11e has introduced HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) to provide QoS for delay-sensitive applications including highly compressed video streams. However, IEEE802.11e performance is hindered by the dynamic nature of Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video streams in which packet size and interval time are rapidly fluctuating during the traffic lifetime. In order to make IEEE802.11e able to accommodate with the irregularity of VBR video traffic, many approaches have been used in the literature. In this article, we highlight and discuss the QoS challenges in IEEE802.11e. Then, we classify the existing QoS approaches in IEEE802.11e and we also discuss the selection of recent promising and interesting enhancements of HCCA. Eventually, a set of open research issues and potential future directions is presented.

Quality of service approaches in IoT: A systematic mapping

Abstract In an Internet of Things (IoT) environment, the existence of a huge number of heterogeneous devices, which are potentially resource-constrained and/or mobile has led to quality of service (QoS) concerns. Quality approaches have been proposed at various layers of the IoT architecture and take into consideration a number of different QoS factors. This paper evaluates the current state of the art of proposed QoS approaches in the IoT, specifically: (1) What layers of the IoT architecture have had the most research on QoS? (2) What quality factors do the quality approaches take into account when measuring performance? (3) What types of research have been conducted in this area? We have conducted a systematic mapping using a number of automated searches from the most relevant academic databases to address these questions. This mapping has identified a number of state of the art approaches which provides a good reference for researchers. The paper also identifies a number of gaps in the research literature at specific layers of the IoT architecture. It identifies which quality factors, research and contribution facets have been underutilised in the state of the art.

Comprehensive Survey on Quality of Service Provisioning Approaches in Cognitive Radio Networks: Part One

Much interest in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) has been raised recently by enabling unlicensed (secondary) users to utilize the unused portions of the licensed spectrum. CRN utilization of residual spectrum bands of Primary (licensed) Networks (PNs) must avoid harmful interference to the users of PNs and other overlapping CRNs. The coexisting of CRNs depends on four components: Spectrum Sensing, Spectrum Decision, Spectrum Sharing, and Spectrum Mobility. Various approaches have been proposed to improve Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in CRNs within fluctuating spectrum availability. However, CRN implementation poses many technical challenges due to a sporadic usage of licensed spectrum bands, which will be increased after deploying CRNs. Unlike traditional surveys of CRNs, this paper addresses QoS provisioning approaches of CRN components and provides an up-to-date comprehensive survey of the recent improvement in these approaches. Major features of the open research challenges of each approach are investigated. Due to the extensive nature of the topic, this paper is the first part of the survey which investigates QoS approaches on spectrum sensing and decision components respectively. The remaining approaches of spectrum sharing and mobility components will be investigated in the next part.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON EFFICIENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION BY QoS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS

Wireless Networks are growing as a key solution to provide broadband and mobile wireless connectivity in a flexible and economical way. A Wireless Network is a transmission network made up of mixture of wireless nodes accomplished in a mesh topology. Resource allocation is a paramount topic in Wireless Networks with unsuitable resource allocation causing congestion and unfairness to users, where it has been used in Wired Networks such as telecommunications and the Internet. Quality of Service (QoS) is particularly important for the transport of traffic with special requirements. This paper gives a survey and classification of the important QoS approaches proposed for various Wireless Networks. Finally, this paper presents the outcomes of survey which comprises significant observations, limitations and idea of further research in improving QoS in various wireless networks.

Integrated quality of user experience and quality of service approach to service selection in internet of services

Discovery and retrieval of an ideal service in an SOA-like infrastructure comprising a resource-constrained hosting platform is really a challenging job. In this paper, we propose the simple service selection component for IoS, which selects the services that have maximum utility value over Quality of Services (QoS) and Quality of User Experience (QoUE) attributes. The novelty behind the proposed middleware development is in achieving high-degree configuration and customisability by selecting a subset of middleware functionality depending on the need. The conventional service selection approaches do not consider QoUE and QoS as a whole; they expect the user to provide a set of QoS constraints. The selection approach is based on the MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) decision-making method. The experimental results are encouraging and the middleware performs well when compared to the constraint model and linear programming models.

Integrated quality of user experience and quality of service approach to service selection in internet of services

Integrated quality of user experience and quality of service approach to service selection in internet of services

Integrated QoUE and QoS approach for optimal service composition selection in internet of services (IoS)

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) approaches are presently getting to be appropriate to embedded devices that feature embedded processing and communication. As a result these services get the ability to be hosted on high end machines to wireless resource constrained devices and on any physical object supported with communication ability. This creates the Internet of Services (IoS) environment. Services from multiple owners can be assembled into a composite service irrespective of their specific Quality of Service (QoS) and related properties for implementing a complex business process. In this context service consumer comes against the problem of selecting best service and for which providing QoS relevant guarantees leads to many challenging issues. One among them is determining a feasible service composition that fulfils a set of conditions while maintaining a good Quality of User Experience (QoUE). The last goal suggests the requirement to enforce an extra optimality prerequisite on the feasibility problem. In this paper, an optimization strategy oriented to efficient composite service selection for IoS model is designed through use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. Furthermore, prior to optimization, the services are assured of rich QoUE, especially trustworthiness in terms of reputation. The proposed work evaluates QoUE using the fuzzy based inference algorithm for identifying QoUE satisfied composite service. Experimental evaluation on a set of real world web services demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed methodology.

Quality Of Service Approach For IPS Using RSS and Directional Antenna

The broad usage of mobiles or tablets as handheld devices has lead to various inventive applications & services which are making their existence felt in daily life. One such application is location tracking in indoor environments. This research will present a real time portable RFID indoor positioning device i.e. for smart phones. To interpret the unknown locations the application will rely on WLANs, exploit Received Signal Strength (RSS) values from neighboring Access Points (AP) that are constantly monitored by the mobile devices, RFID and directional antenna. The broadcasted energy can be used effectively by triggering the antenna to radiate in preference to different directions in which tags are most likely to be found. The idea is to make use of directional antenna which will effect in low power consumption and higher accuracy rate. To issue higher reliability in the process of navigation a method will be proposed to calculate the Quality of Positioning which will provide accurate target locations. Accuracy, precision, efficiency, Environmental factors and Energy Consumption has been taken into study by performing experiments under several conditions to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed model.