Quality Of Family Environment Research Articles

Kualitas Lingkungan Keluarga di Kawasan Candi Batujaya

<p><strong>The quality of the family environment is one of the important foundations in building a good society. This study aims to analyze the quality of the family environment that lives in the Batujaya Temple area, Karawang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Data has been collected from April to May 2019. This study was involved 100 families that have been selected using simple random techniques. Data consist of family characteristics and the quality of the family environment. The quality of the family environment was measured using the "Family Environment Scale" instrument compiled by Moos and Moos (2002). Family Environment Scale consists of relationship dimensions (cohesion, expression, and conflict), personal growth dimensions (independence, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreation orientation, and moral-religion orientation), and also system maintenance dimension (control and organization). The instrument consists of 40 item statements. The quality of the family environment is categorized into three categories: low (index<60.0), moderate (index 60.0-80.0), and high (index > 80.0). Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that most of the quality of the family environment in relationship dimensions included in the high category, but included in the medium and low categories for personal growth dimensions and system maintenance dimensions. These results indicate that there needs to be an effort that can help families to carry out their functions in achieving a good quality of family environment.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> - </strong><em>Batujaya Temple, Cultural Heritage, Family Function, Family Environment.</em></p>

Quality of family environment predicts child perceptions of competence 12 months after pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Demographic and environmental factors can affect child recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, little is known about their role in predicting child perceptions of competence (i.e., subjective judgments of ability or a sense of adequacy). This prospective, cohort study examined the contribution of participant sex, age at assessment, socioeconomic status, parent-reported change in academic performance post-injury, and the quality of a child's relationship with their family (i.e., family affective involvement, intimacy, integration, and the nature of family roles) to child perceptions of global and academic competence 12 months after pediatric TBI. Participants included 127 children, 84 with a TBI (53 mild, 31 moderate-severe TBI; injury age: 5-15 years) and 43 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls. Children rated their perceptions of global and academic competence and degree of family intimacy and integration. Parents completed questionnaires measuring socioeconomic status, family affective involvement, and the nature of family roles. Parents also indicated whether they perceived a change in their child's post-injury academic performance. Child perceptions of academic competence were significantly lower for children with moderate-severe TBI relative to TD children. In contrast, child perceptions of global competence were comparable between TBI and TD control groups. Socioeconomic status, age at assessment, parent-reported relative change in academic performance post-TBI, and family roles were associated with child perceptions of academic competence. Degree of family integration was the sole predictor of child perceptions of global competence. Child perceptions of academic competence are vulnerable to the effects of moderate-severe TBI, particularly among older children and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Well-defined family roles and greater integration of family units might enhance perceptions of global and academic competence in children with TBI.

Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Feelings after Exposure among Adolescents in Nine European Countries: The Role of Individual Factors and Social Characteristics

Research on adolescents’ sexual exposure has mostly focused on negcative outcomes using a risk-based lens, and there is little work on the factors that may predict exposure, as well as youths’ emotional responses to sexual content. Using a cross-national sample, the present study examined the associations of individual (sensation seeking and emotional problems) and social characteristics (the quality of family environment, including active and restrictive parental mediation) with adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit materials and their feelings after exposure. The survey included 8,820 11- to 16-year-olds (Mage = 13.36 years, SD = 1.62, 48.0% male) from nine European countries (Czech Republic, Finland, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland). The results revealed that although there were differences in the prevalence of youths’ sexual exposure by country, there were also similarities in the characteristics underlying exposure and subsequent feelings across different country contexts. No significant relationship was found between active parental mediation and exposure in most countries, and the findings regarding restrictive parental mediation were mixed. Although the majority of the participants reported neutral feelings, there were gender differences in feeling happy and upset after exposure. Overall, the results suggest that exposure may not be as distressing to youth as prevalent risk-focused narratives have suggested.

Interactions between child temperament and family environment in relation to school readiness: Diathesis-stress, differential susceptibility, or vantage sensitivity?

Children entering school with lower school readiness are at greater risk of facing adjustment problems in subsequent years. Recently, temperament has emerged as a predictor of school readiness, but whether the readiness of children with different temperament traits are differentially affected by the quality of their family environment remains unknown. This study pertained to the moderating role of children's temperament (negative affectivity, surgency/extraversion, effortful control) in the relationship between family environment (parenting and sociodemographic risk) and two school readiness dimensions (cognitive and socioemotional). We also tested how such interactions corresponded to three theoretical models of person-environment interactions: diathesis-stress, differential susceptibility, and vantage sensitivity. The sample included 98 children (59% boys) at risk due to their poor school readiness at 4.5 years old. Temperament was reported by parents, whereas family characteristics were extracted from a combination of parent reports and observations during a home visit before kindergarten when the children were 4.5 years old. School readiness was both assessed directly with the children and reported by parents at the end of kindergarten (M = 72.5 months; SD = 3.4). Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that negative affectivity and surgency/extraversion did not interact with family characteristics to predict children's school readiness. Therefore, enhancing the quality of family environments is likely to improve the school readiness of all at-risk children, regardless of their reactivity. Nonetheless, significant interactions were observed between family characteristics, and effortful control. Support was found for the diathesis-stress model but was insufficient to confirm either differential susceptibility or vantage sensitivity. Because at-risk children appear differentially affected by their family environment as a function of their effortful control level, adjusting preventive interventions to children's regulation capacities may be a useful way to enhance their effectiveness, and children's school readiness.

Pengaruh Kualitas Lingkungan Keluarga, Association of Peers Group, Hidden Curriculum, dan Internet Social Media Exposure Terhadap Karakter Siswa (Studi pada SMK Negeri 2 Temanggung)

The purpose of this research is to test the influence of family environment quality, association of peers group, hidden curriculum, and internet social media exposure to students’ character simultaneously or partially. The population of this study is all ten and twelve grade accounting students of Vocational High School 2 in Temanggung in the Academic Year of 2017/2018 in the number of 150 students. The sample used is 110 students that is taken using Slovin formula with proportionate random sampling technique. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection methods using questionnaires. The method for analysing data used is descriptive statistic analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of study indicated that family environment quality, association of peers group, hidden curriculum, and internet social media exposure simultaneously influenced on the students’ character 60.2%. While the partial variable family environment quality has a positive and significant effect by 27% to the students’ character, association of peers group has positive and significant effect by 26% to the students’ character, hidden curriculum has a positive and significant effect by 7% to the students’ character, while internet social media exposure has positive and significant affect by 4% to the students’ character.

Who Is Exposed to Harmful Online Content? The Role of Risk and Protective Factors Among Czech, Finnish, and Spanish Adolescents.

Although adolescents' exposure to harmful online content has been linked to decreased subjective well-being and offline risky behaviors, there is limited research on the factors that underlie such problematic online behavior. Using the conceptual framework of Problem Behavior Theory, this study examined the role of risk (i.e., emotional problems, sensation seeking) and protective (i.e., the quality of family environment, social support from friends) factors in exposure to harmful online content among 4473 12- to 16-year-olds (M = 13.9, SD = 1.3, 49% girls) in the Czech Republic, Finland, and Spain. Individual country samples included 1848 adolescents from the Czech Republic (age: M = 14, SD = 1.4; 51% girls), 788 from Finland (age: M = 13.9, SD = 1.3; 52% girls), and 1837 from Spain (age: M = 13.5, SD = 1.2; 47% girls). In all of the sampled countries, emotional problems and sensation seeking served as risk factors, whereas good family relationships were protective. In some countries, the effects of emotional problems and sensation seeking were moderated by the quality of the family environment and social support from friends. These moderating effects suggest that individual risk factors for exposure to harmful online content may be buffered by a positive family environment and friends' support. The findings revealed similarities in the risk and protective factors underlying online problem behavior across three different countries. They demonstrate that the mechanisms proposed by Problem Behavior Theory can help to understand the etiology of adolescent problem behavior across different countries as well as offline and online contexts.

English

BACKGROUND India has a large proportion of child and adolescent population. Psychiatric disorders are common among children and adolescents, but they are often underdiagnosed. Family environment influences psychopathology in young children. Identification of risk factors for child psychiatric disorders can lead to early identification of children at risk and facilitation of preventive interventions. METHODS The study was conducted among 103 children attending the Child Guidance Clinic (CGC) in a tertiary care institute in Kerala. A specially prepared proforma was used to obtain the sociodemographic profile and clinical variables. Global Family Environment Scale was used to assess the quality of family environment. ICD 10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders was used for making diagnosis, and Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices was used for assessing intelligence. RESULTS Emotional disorders were seen more commonly in girls, and in older age group. Children with behavioural disorders were below average in academics and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in socioeconomic status, locality, family type, family history of psychiatric illness, and in family environment. CONCLUSIONS Though there was no statistically significant difference, family history of psychiatric illness and poor and moderately unsatisfactory family environment was observed in a large proportion of children. This finding may have implication in management of childhood psychiatric disorders. KEYWORDS Family Environment, Children, Emotional Disorders, Behavioural Disorders

Early parental support and meaning in life among young adults: the mediating roles of optimism and identity

Meaning in life is an important aspect of wellbeing for young adults transitioning into new roles. While research suggests young adults’ quality of family environments is associated with meaning, few studies have examined mechanisms that explain how early parental support may facilitate young adults’ sense of meaning. Understanding factors that contribute to the development of meaning can shape helping practices for young adults, particularly those lacking in earlier parental support. The present study explored the relationship between young adults’ appraisals of childhood parental support and present meaning in life, through mediation effects of dispositional optimism and identity commitment. A sample of 120 young adults aged 18–25 completed assessments of early parental support, optimism, identity commitment, and meaning in life. Parallel mediation was used to examine the hypothesized model, controlling for neuroticism. Analyses supported the association between early parental support and meaning in life being mediated by optimism and identity commitment. The findings may inform prevention and intervention practices in support of healthy development and wellbeing among youth.

Family Environment In Rural China And The Link With Early Childhood Development

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate the association between family environment and early childhood development among children aged 6–24 months in rural counties in China. To do this, we used cross-sectional data from a large scale survey, including 1809 child-caregiver dyads across 22 nationally designated poverty counties. We found that 53.95% of children were at the risk of cognitive development delay, 60.26%, 36.27%, 40.69% of children were at the risk of language, motor, and social-emotional development delay respectively. Moreover, the good quality of family environment was significantly associated with the child’s development. Rural family environments are providing insufficient stimulation for children, especially a low variety of developmental enriching materials and lacking play activities. Our study confirms the need for programmatic interventions that provide reliable ways to learn how to play with their children and build a stimulating environment to improve early childhood development in the region.

The development of episodic foresight in preschoolers: the role of socioeconomic status, parental future orientation, and family context

Episodic foresight (EF) refers to the ability to anticipate future states of the self. Despite almost two decades of research, no studies explored how family context variables relate to the development of this ability. The objectives of this study were to explore the association of socioeconomic status (SES), parental consideration of future consequences (CFC), and family environment quality on the development of episodic foresight and to compare the magnitude of the effects of these same variables on delay of gratification and planning.Sixty-four dyads composed by 4-year-old Uruguayan children and their main caregiver participated in the study. Children were administered experiments on episodic foresight, delay of gratification, planning, and receptive language. Parents reported socioeconomic status, family environment, and their consideration of future consequences. Even though parents’ limit setting was associated to higher EF in children and parental CFC-I was a predictor in multiple regression analysis, these effects ceased to be significant when controlled by child’s receptive language and caregiver education, being these the main predictors of EF. Results also indicate that SES significantly distinguishes the performance in future-oriented skills and language, being the magnitude of the effect higher for EF in comparison with planning and delay of gratification. This study supports that EF is related to SES to a greater extent than other variables traditionally assessed in studies of poverty and child development. We discuss implications of low SES and language skills in the light of EF development and immediate-oriented behavior in contexts of deprivation.

Cyber-Victimization and Cyber-Aggression among Portuguese Adolescents

This study aims to clarify how the quality of the family environment is related to the involvement in cyberbullying behaviors, either as a cyber-victim or as a cyber-aggressor, via a cross-sectional research design. With this purpose a diagnostic questionnaire with questions about both the quality of family environment and cyberbullying was conceived and administered to 3525 adolescents attending 6th, 8th and 11th grades at several schools in Portugal. The results suggested that two family aspects seem to be equally important in protection against cyberbullying: perception of family support and perception of rules within the family. A hierarchical regression analysis reveals that lack of family support is more predictive of cyber-victimization and that a lack of family rules is more predictive of cyber-aggression. The authors discuss the implications for the well-being of adolescents, as well as the challenges that parents face in the supervision of adolescents' use of digital technologies.

Language development of low risk preterm infants up to the age of 30 months

PurposeTo compare the lexical and grammatical development of a group of low risk preterm children with a group of full-term children at 10, 22, and 30months of corrected age. In addition, the effect of possible determinant factors on linguistic development was investigated. MethodAn initial group of 150 low-risk PR children (mean GA: 32.62) and 49 FT children (mean GA: 39.70) recruited at birth were assessed at 10, 22, and 30months of age. Communicative and linguistic abilities were measured at these three points in time through the CDI. Cognitive development and quality of family environment of the children, among other variables, were also assessed at 22months of age. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed in order to test those factors which may contribute to prediction of language outcomes. ResultsThere was no significant delay in communicative, lexical or grammatical development of PR children. Even when comparisons were performed between fullterm and very preterm children, differences were not significant.Regression analyses indicate that gestures and early word comprehension predict very early word production development, but their effect disappears with time. The most important factors which predict language development at 30months of age are previous cognitive scores and word production at 22months of age. The results coming from group comparisons and from hierarchical regression analyses indicate that GA does not significantly affect language development from 10 to 30months of age. ConclusionsLow risk preterm toddlers do not seem to be delayed in their linguistic development.

Family environment, communication and media education

The family is the first and most important social group in which are achieved foundations of whole human life. There child acquires his first knowledge, skills and habits. However, upbringing in the family cannot be viewed separated from the wider social context. There are also the mass media that have become part of the family environment and in some ways its presence and messages affect on the family and its members. Family communication, experience of self-worth of each member, the family rules and value system as well as the family relation to the larger society make basic aspects of quality of family environment. Considering that today the media have become very present in the family, the question is: Are the media an incentive or disturbance in creating a quality family environment? Parents are an unavoidable media socializer and the significance of parental intervention is particularly stressed for young children, who have just started meeting with the media and everything it offers. Undoubtedly, the media is a source of cultural and spiritual wealth and useful information; they help us in familiarization with contemporary social, political and other developments and trends, and provide the opportunity of learning about the world. On the other hand, in some families the media took primary place, direct and emotional contact is very rare and is replaced by a virtual relationship such as communicating by telephone, text messaging, e-mail, watch TV. Feelings of warmth, understanding and mutual support are almost marginalized. Because is necessary to talk with children about what they saw and heard, with an intention to help them evaluate and understand the meaning of moral instruction and the nature of the content that is offered in various types of media, the aim of this paper is to analyze the positive and negative effects of mass media on family environment and communication. Also, the importance of media education will be highlighted.

Genetic susceptibility to family environment: BDNF Val66met and 5-HTTLPR influence depressive symptoms.

Functional genetic polymorphisms associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5-HTTLPR) have demonstrated associations with depression in interaction with environmental stressors. In light of evidence for biological connections between BDNF and serotonin, it is prudent to consider genetic epistasis between variants in these genes in the development of depressive symptoms. The current study examined the effects of val66met, 5-HTTLPR, and family environment quality on youth depressive symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood in a longitudinal sample oversampled for maternal depression history. A differential susceptibility model was tested, comparing the effects of family environment on depression scores across different levels of a cumulative plasticity genotype, defined as presence of both, either, or neither plasticity alleles (defined here as val66met Met and 5-HTTLPR 'S'). Cumulative plasticity genotype interacted with family environment quality to predict depression among males and females at age 15. After age 15, however, the interaction of cumulative plasticity genotype and early family environment quality was only predictive of depression among females. Results supported a differential susceptibility model at age 15, such that plasticity allele presence was associated with more or less depressive symptoms depending on valence of the family environment, and a diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interaction after age 15. These findings, although preliminary because of the small sample size, support prior results indicating interactive effects of 5-HTTLPR, val66met, and environmental stress, and suggest that family environment may have a stronger influence on genetically susceptible women than men.

Perceptions of Family Environment and Wraparound Processes: Associations with Age and Implications for Serving Transitioning Youth in Systems of Care

Addressing the unique needs of youth transitioning to adulthood has long been viewed as a priority in implementation of systems of care (SOCs) and wraparound. Developmental research and "practice-based evidence" suggest that there are differences between transitioning youth and their younger peers in family environment and wraparound team processes. Although these differences are thought to have significant implications for wraparound practice, few studies have examined them empirically. The present research involves two studies examining differences across several age cohorts (i.e., 10–12, 13, 14, 15, 16–17 year-olds) ranging from early adolescent to transitioning youth in: (1) caregiver perceptions of role-related strain and family environment quality, and (2) facilitator, caregiver, and youth perceptions of wraparound processes. In Study #1, older age was associated with higher levels of caregiver strain. In Study #2, age was associated with differences between youth and other team members' perceptions of wraparound processes, such that older youth perceived teams as less cohesive than others on their teams. These findings suggest that transitioning youth and their families merit special consideration in wraparound implementation and underscore the importance of considering the perceptions of transitioning youth in system change and practice improvement efforts (192 words).

Perceive Family Environment among Parents, Spouses and Siblings of Alcohol Dependence Patients: A Comparative Study

Background: The family is the primary unit of the society to take care the material, physical and emotional needs of people. Drug addiction and alcoholism causes significant intimidation to entire family system and the family environment tends to be become strained because of this problem. This study was carried out to know how the parents, siblings and spouses of individuals with alcohol addiction perceive the quality of family environment. Methods: In this study 90 participants (30 parents, 30 spouses and 30 siblings) of the patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome were selected purposively. Tools like socio-demographic data sheet, Family Environment Scale (FES), and General Health Questionnaire- 12 were used for data collection. Limitation: The present study has some limitations e.g. small sample size, samples were collected from a single place and impact of culture was not controlled, influence of psychosocial factors on family interaction pattern and family environment (as stigma, express emotions, codependency etc.) were not assessed. Conclusion: Spouses revealed lower level of family environment in the domain of expressiveness as compared to parents and siblings of alcohol dependence. Finding also indicated that Parents and spouses group reported to have more negative experiences in the domain of control as compared to siblings of alcohol dependence.

Apoio social: percepção materna em contextos com diferentes graus de urbanização

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: verificar as diferenças no apoio percebido por mães de três contextos de urbanização; analisar a correlação do apoio com dados sociodemográficos e com a qualidade do ambiente familiar; e estabelecer qual modelo de variáveis explica o apoio percebido em cada contexto. Ao total, 150 mães residentes em três contextos responderam um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, itens da qualidade de vida familiar atual e uma Escala de Apoio Social. Por meio de análises estatísticas, constataram-se diferenças significativas nas dimensões do apoio social, com melhor percepção nas dimensões Apoio Afetivo e Apoio Emocional para o Interior Leste e menor percepção do Apoio Material para a Capital. Nos modelos de regressão, as variáveis número de filhos e qualidade do ambiente familiar atual mostraram-se preditoras do apoio. Conclui-se que a qualidade do ambiente familiar tem importância no apoio e as características individuais e culturais devem ser consideradas ao se investigar o suporte social.

Autoestima de Riesgo y Protección: Una Mediación entre el Clima Familiar y el Consumo de Sustancias en Adolescentes

The aim of the present study is to analyse the direct and indirect relationships among quality of family environment, multidimensional self-esteem (family, academic, social and physical self-esteem) and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol and marijuana). The study participants were 414 Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old, drawn from state secondary schools. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modeling and the procedure of mediation effects analysis (Holmbeck, 1997). Results showed a significant mediational effect of self-esteem on the relation between family functioning and adolescent substance use. Moreover, results showed, on the one hand, a protection effect of family and academic self-esteem and, on the other hand, a risk effect of social and physical self-esteem on substance use. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research. As a conclusion, this investigation confirms that family environment is a relevant precedent of adolescent self-evaluation and that it is necessary to adopt a multidimensional perspective when analyse the self-esteem of substance use adolescents.

Structure and sociodemographis characteristics of the family climate in Vojvodina

Research presented in this paper aimed to investigate psychometric characteristics and factor structure of Family Climate Inventory (FCI Kurdek et al., 1995), as well as the sociodemographic correlates of the quality of family environment operacionalized by this scale. The research sample consisted of 561 adolescents (average age 16). Four factores were extracted.Total variance explained by these four factors was 62. 29%. First factor has been defined as Acceptance, the second (Autonomy) considers the estimated level of independence between family members. The third factor Conflicts implies frequency and influence of conflict situations and relations within the family. The fourth isolated factor- Supervision, was the dimension of original FCI scale, but has shown poor metric characteristics in our sample, and has been excluded from further analysis. The reduced Family Climate Inventory consists of 18 items, and has good psychometric characteristics (Cronbah a =.94). Family climate is assessed as better in dual earning families with egalitarian division of parental roles and household labor. Adolescents from rural families describe their family environment as better in quality.

Apert syndrome: factors involved in the cognitive development

Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis, symmetric syndactyly and other systemic malformations, with mental retardation usually present. The objective of this study was to correlate brain malformations and timing for surgery with neuropsychological evaluation. We also tried to determine other relevant aspects involved in cognitive development of these patients such as social classification of families and parents education. Eighteen patients with Apert syndrome were studied, whose ages were between 14 and 322 months. Brain abnormalities were observed in 55.6% of them. The intelligence quotient or developmental quotient values observed were between 45 and 108. Mental development was related to the quality of family environment and parents education. Mental development was not correlated to brain malformation or age at time of operation. In conclusion, quality of family environment was the most significant factor directly involved in mental development of patients with Apert syndrome.