Quality Of Different Cultivars Research Articles

Effects of Low-Temperature Accumulation on Flowering of Prunus mume

Low-temperature accumulation is one of the essential stages in the growth process of woody ornamental plants. In this study, two different low-temperature treatments, 6 °C and 10 °C, were used to analyze the effects of different low-temperature treatments on dormancy release and flowering of the ‘Gulihong’ plant using artificial low temperatures. Based on the experimental results, four typical early-blooming Prunus mume cultivars widely planted in Yangling area of Henan Province, China, including ‘Zaoyudie’, ‘Zaohualve’, ‘Nanjing gongfen’, and ‘Gulihong’, were selected as the experimental materials. The effects of low-temperature accumulation on the flowering characteristics of different cultivars were analyzed using a 6 °C artificial low-temperature treatment. The suitable cultivation temperature for early-blooming cultivars was screened to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of P. mume bonsai cultivation techniques. The results showed that the flowering rate, flower diameter, flowering quantity, flowering uniformity, and bud development in the 6 °C treatment were significantly better than those in the 10 °C treatment. Furthermore, under 6 °C low-temperature treatment, the flowering rate and quality of different cultivars showed an increasing trend with the accumulation of low temperature, with ‘Gulihong’ exhibiting the highest flowering rate. Therefore, chill accumulation plays a significant role in promoting flowering quality.

The Effect of Growth Regulators on Biochemical Properties, Yield, and Fiber Quality of Different Cultivars of cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) Under Different Irrigation Intervals

The Effect of Growth Regulators on Biochemical Properties, Yield, and Fiber Quality of Different Cultivars of cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) Under Different Irrigation Intervals

The application of Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrometry to assess the impact of changes in Photosynthetic Photon Flux on cell wall components and turf quality of different cultivars of <i>Cynodon</i> grasses

The application of Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrometry to assess the impact of changes in Photosynthetic Photon Flux on cell wall components and turf quality of different cultivars of <i>Cynodon</i> grasses

Effect of cooking on the in vitro and in vivo protein quality of soy, oat and wheat varieties

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSoy, wheat, and oats are widely consumed crops globally, but variation between cultivars and processing methods can produce products of varying protein quality. This study cooked two different cultivars of wheat, oats, and soy and compared indices of protein quality as well as quantified differences in antinutritional factors.FindingsProtein Efficiency Ratio (PER) was highest in cooked soy cultivars and lowest in wheat samples, with cooking having the most impact on soy PER. Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of soy was greater than oats which was greater than wheat. Antinutritional factors differed significantly between crops and cultivars, with processing having the greatest impact on soy. In vitro measurements of PDCAAS correlated well with in vivo assessment.ConclusionsThermal processing has variable effects on protein quality depending on crop and cultivar selected, primarily due to differences in amino acid composition. In vitro measurement of protein quality can be used as a rapid screening tool.Significance and NoveltyDirect comparison in protein quality between wheat, oat, and soy is rarely reported. Measuring the protein quality of different cultivars and crops pre and postprocessing provides essential data for product development and dietary formulation.

Fruit morphological and nutritional quality features of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) during fruit development

Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) is one of the most pivotal economic crops with an exceptional nutritional value. Based on its high global consumption, understanding the fruit growth patterns and nutrient accumulation at each developmental stage is crucial for the field and production management of high-quality goji berry cultivars. In this study, a fruit growth and development model of goji berry was established using a double sigmoid curve, where the entire fruit development period was divided into three phases (phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ) with two key time points. Morphological features and nutritional components were measured at four (young, green, coloring, and red) stages of fruit growth in five cultivars. The nutritional constituents, namely galactose, fructose, and total sugar, monotonically increased from young to red stage. The highest polysaccharide content occurred at the young stage, whereas the sucrose, betaine, and flavonoid content were the highest in the green stage. Moreover, corresponding to the fruit growth model, polysaccharide was mainly accumulated during phase I and III, sucrose, betaine, and flavonoid were produced and concentrated during phase Ⅱ, and the galactose, fructose, and total sugar content rapidly increased during phase Ⅲ. The two key time points in the goji berry fruit development and nutrient accumulation range were 10–13 days and 21–26 days after full bloom, where water and fertilizer management should be enhanced. Correlation analyses suggested that morphological features were significantly correlated in all four growth stages, while a strong correlation among specific nutritional components was found in some certain growth stages with p-values smaller than 0.05 and Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.5. Principal component analysis indicates that total sugar and polysaccharide contents can be used as the main factors for evaluating the nutritional quality of different cultivars. Among the selected cultivars, ‘Ningqi 7’ was significantly better than other cultivars with respect to the nutritional levels. These findings can support breeding strategies and improve the effective field management of high-quality goji berry cultivars.

On farm inoculation of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves efficiency in increasing sugarcane productivity in the field

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) multiplied on farm in the productivity and quality of different cultivars of sugarcane (Saccharum ssp.) in field conditions by three ratoons. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, in factorial scheme 6 × 2: six cultivars (CTC 1, CTC 7, CTC 9, CTC 16, SP89-1115 and RB925345), with and without AMF inoculation, in three ratoons. The AMF species mix, used to compose the inoculant, were collected from the experimental area, multiplied in trap culture, and applied to the sugarcane planting line. To assess the effectiveness of establishing mycorrhizal symbiosis, root mycorrhizal colonization (MC), spore density (SD), and AMF diversity were quantified. Sugarcane productivity and quality were also obtained by quantifying of the vegetative and technological characteristics. With the inoculation and the increase of viable AMF propagules in the soil resulted in higher MC and SD. Acaulospora scrobiculata and Glomus sp. were the species with the highest frequency of occurrence. Sugarcane productivity and quality were also significantly higher in inoculated treatments, with average increases in the three ratoons of 20% in sugarcane productivity and 30% in sugar production. The increase in sugarcane productivity and quality after AMF inoculation is a positive indicator of the effectiveness this biotechnology has over the production of this commodity.

Mango dry matter content at harvest to achieve high consumer quality of different cultivars in different growing seasons

Dry matter content (DMC) at harvest has been shown to be highly correlated with soluble solids content (SSC), which determines consumer acceptance of ripe mango. However, studies are required to evaluate the stability of the relationship among DMC x SSC x consumer acceptance for different mango cultivars under different climatic/seasonal growing conditions. The hypothesis of our study was that the minimum mango DMC required to achieve high consumer quality and acceptance is highly affected by the cultivar and climatic/seasonal growing conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the fruit DMC at harvest required to achieve high consumer quality and acceptance for ‘Palmer’ and ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes produced during the summer and winter growing seasons in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The DMC of 'Palmer' and 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes linearly increased during the last month before harvest in fruit produced in both growing seasons. During the last month before harvest, the DMC accumulation rates were 4.4 and 5.7 g kg−1 per week in ‘Palmer’ and 8.1 and 8.5 g kg−1 per week in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes produced in the summer and winter, respectively. At harvest, a portable Vis-NIR spectrometer was used to non-destructively determine the DMC of 'Palmer' and 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes that were then grouped into three different DMC categories for each cultivar and season, with ranges from 50 to 80 g kg−1. The fruit were then kept at 12 °C with relative humidity of 90–95% to simulate the shipping conditions, until they reached the ready-to-eat ripeness stage, with flesh firmness ≤ 15 N. The fruit were then subjected to physicochemical and sensory analyses. Higher DMC at harvest results in higher soluble solids content in ripe mangoes. Minimum DMC values at harvest to guarantee that consumers will respond with at least “like moderately” (score of 7 out of 9) in sensory testing of mango fruit were found to be 137 g kg−1 and 145 g kg−1 for ‘Palmer’ and 144 g kg−1 and 153 g kg−1 for ‘Tommy Atkins’ for summer and winter harvests, respectively. The minimum mango DMC required to achieve high consumer quality and acceptance was weakly related to cultivar and climatic/seasonal growing conditions.

Studies on nutritional and morphological quality of different cultivars of sweet potato

Fifteen cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) were harvested from the field of (All India Coordinated Research Project on Tuber Crops) AICRP, Horticulture Research Station, Mandouri and the analysis of biochemical composition was carried out to determine the best nutritive cultivars. It was carried out in the Post graduate lab, Department of Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal, during the period from 2017-2019. It was found that the tuber weight was varied significantly from 48.11gm to 540.45 gm among the different cultivars. The tuber length was recorded high in TSP-16-2 (12.22cm) and short in cultivar BCSP-10 (6.75cm).Maximum TSS value recorded in KISHAN (10.2°Brix) and the lowest value was recorded cultivar TSP-12-10 (8°Brix). Dry matter content was found higher in the cultivars TSP-12-6 (30.54%). Minimum content of dry matter was found in TSP-12-9 (23.55%). The highest total sugar value was found in the cultivars TSP-16-5 (2.55%). The cultivar with lowest total sugar content was found in TSP-16-8 (1.94%). The result indicated that the cultivars differed considerably in reducing sugars content. In the experiment highest content was found to be in the cultivar BCSP-10(1.21%). Lowest was found in the cultivars TSP-12-10 (0.83%).The highest Titratable acidity value was found in the cultivars KISHAN (0.416%) and Lowest was found in the cultivars TSP-12-10 (0.128%).

Investigations into the total antioxidant capacities of cultivars of gluten-free grains using near-infrared spectroscopy

Millet, buckwheat and oat are considered to be minor crops, hence chemical profiles for different cultivars are rare. The examination of a sum parameter, like the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) can thus be a first step to systematically assess the quality of different cultivars of mentioned gluten-free grains and thereby serve as an indicator for the selection of cultivars for food processing.TAC of 20 common buckwheat, 14 proso millet and six common oat cultivars was analysed using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and an optimized NIRS methodology. PLS regressions for milled and intact samples were established and yielded a R2(CV) of 0.892 and 0.929. The SEPs for milled and intact samples were approximately 1.7 and 1.6 mgGAE/g. Multivariate LOD and LOQ were also calculated. LODmax for intact and milled samples was 1.72 and 2.80 mgGAE/g.TAC varies considerably among cultivars of one species, emphasising the need for full chemical profiles. Values for LOD and LOQ show that established PLS-R models can be used to quantify TAC of buckwheat and oat cultivars. TAC of millet cultivars can be detected, however not quantified.

Effects of Macronutrients in the Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds

The aim of this work was to correlate macronutrient content of soybean seeds to physiological quality of different cultivars. The work was developed in the Federal University of Pelotas, in the facilities of the Seed Science and Technology Graduate Program. The experimental design was randomized blocks in arranged in four replicates. The following soybean cultivars were used: BMX Apolo RR (12 lots), BMX Ativa RR (13 lots), BMX Energia RR (26 lots), BMX Força RR (24 lots), BMX Impacto RR (35 lots), BMX Magna RR (16 lots), BMX Turbo RR (44 lots), BMX Potência RR (82 lots) and NA 5909 RR (28 lots), with seeds produced in northwest Rio Grande do Sul. The determination of nutritional contents found in plant tissues of soybean seeds, were measured: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sulfur (S). The macronutrient contents of the seeds vary according to genetic characteristics of the cultivars, with higher oscillations of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and sulfur contents present in soybean seeds. Potassium and calcium are defined as the most stable nutrients for the cultivars and seed lots analyzed. High concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium are determinants for the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

Effect of plant density on yield and quality of different cultivars of sweet pepper

An experiment was conducted on effect of plant density on yield and quality of different cultivars of sweet pepper at Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad during the year 2009-2010. The experiment was laid out in 3×5 Factorial Randomized Block Design having 15 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment T 8 (variety Lucky star-165 with spacing 60×45cm) was found to be superior and statically significant over other treatment combinations, which recorded highest plant height (34.50cm), plant spread (60.66cm), number of leaves/plant (137.00), number branches/plant (9.57), time of flower bud initiation (52.41 day after transplanting), number of flower buds/plant (74.66), number of flowers/plant (51.20), number of fruits/plant (4.25), fruit length (4.91 cm), fruit yield (916.33g/plant), fruit yield (33.93t/ha), vitamin-C (130mg/100g) and T.S.S (17.26 %).

The effect of rootstocks on the fruit quality parameters of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

The authors studied the effect of rootstocks with different growing vigour on fruit quality of different cultivars. Research results shows that best fruit diamter and fruit weight of all cultivars are for M9 rootstock. Similar tendency was found in skin colour, but in the case of Granny Smith, MM106 rootstock is more favourable because the green skin colour is necessary for the consumers’ acceptance. Seedling rootstok has some unfavourable effects on fruit quality, thus its usage is not expedient.

Variation in rice quality of different cultivars and grain positions as affected by water management

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of cultivar and grain position on rice quality under different water management treatments. Water treatments significantly affected all quality traits in the study, except alkali digestibility (AD). There were significant interactions of water treatment by grain position and genotype for brown rice rate (BRR), chalky grain rate (CGR) and amylose content (AC), and interactions of grain position by water treatment and cultivar for head milled rice rate (HMRR). The interaction of water treatment by genotype for protein content (PC) was also significant. Of all variance components, water treatment ranked the highest for PC. Similarly grain position was ranked the highest for AC, BRR, CGR and HMRR. In comparison with wet cultivation, plastic-film mulched cultivation had significantly lower BRR, HMRR, CGR and higher PC. There were marked differences in milled quality, appearance and AD among differently positioned grains within a spike. For appearance and PC, the difference between plastic-film mulched cultivation and wet cultivation was greater for upland rice than paddy rice. For milled and cooking–eating quality, the difference between plastic-film mulched cultivation and wet cultivation was greater for the good quality paddy rice than the upland rice and the poor quality paddy rice. In plastic-film mulched cultivation, top grains showed lower milled quality and PC. While in wet cultivation, the opposite result was seen. With the decrease in soil water content, BRR and appearance showed increased and decreased differences among grains within a spike, respectively. The results indicate the possibility of improving rice quality by use of better water management and suitable cultivars.

Use of falling number and rapid visco analyser instruments to estimate sorghum malt diastatic power

Diastatic power (DP), a measure of joint alpha- and beta-amylase activities, is the most important quality criterion of sorghum malt. There is a need for a rapid method to estimate sorghum malt DP. Such methods have been developed using both the Falling Number (FN) and Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) instruments, which measure alpha-amylase activity. Maize starch is used as substrate at a ratio of malt to maize starch of 1:29. Good estimates of DP can be obtained with malts prepared from grain of a single cultivar (FN, r = −0·872; RVA, r = −0·993). The estimate is less good with malts prepared from different cultivars (FN, r = −0·759; RVA, r = −0·759), probably a result of the different cultivars having varying proportions of alpha-amylase relative to DP. The methods are well suited, therefore, to quality control in maltings and breweries, but less suitable for evaluating the malting quality of different cultivars.