Quality Of Counseling Services Research Articles

Optimalisasi Layanan Konseling Melalui Manajemen Data dan Materi Panduan di MA YPP Babakan Jamanis Parigi

The research aims to optimize counseling services at MA YPP Babakan Jamanis Parigi, both optimal in the quality of counseling services, and optimal in students' understanding and ability to overcome the problems they face. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The research results show that there is a mismatch in terms of data management and guidance materials, both in the form of providing personal books and information brochures needed to support counseling services. The benefit of this research is to improve the quality of education in the school by evaluating aspects of guidance and counseling, helping students deal with personal problems, and improving relationships between students, teachers and parents. It is hoped that this research can be a reference for other schools in improving their counseling services.

Pemanfaatan Media Cyber Konseling dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Layanan Bimbingan Konseling di MAN 3 Langkat

Cyber counseling media can be an effective tool in improving the quality of counseling services at MAN 3 Langkat School. This media can help students who are difficult to reach directly to get counseling, provide easy access, improve the effectiveness and efficiency of services, expand the reach of services, and increase security. However, in using cyber counseling media, it is necessary to pay attention to several things such as student data privacy and security, technology security, and applicable regulations. The school must ensure that cyber counseling services are carried out in compliance with professional ethics and applicable laws in Indonesia. In this case, cyber counseling media can help improve the quality of counseling services at MAN 3 Langkat School.

Enhancing Counseling Services in Secondary Schools Through the Implementation of Training Modules and Counseling Materials for Peer Counselors

The implementation of this community service aims to address issues in counseling services in remote secondary schools, resulting from the lack of counselors with a background in counseling education. Counselors often play the role of subject teachers, leading to suboptimal counseling implementation, causing students in need of psychosocial assistance to receive inadequate services. The form of community service utilized combines Service Learning and Community-Based Participatory approaches. Lecturers and students actively engage in developing and implementing training modules and counseling materials for adolescent peer counselors. Meanwhile, the community, particularly secondary schools and peer counselors, are invited to participate in designing and adapting modules to fit the local context and needs. The solution derived from this community service is the development of relevant and effective training modules and counseling materials to enhance the competence of peer counselors in providing support and counseling to their peers. With the existence of these modules, it is anticipated that counseling services in remote secondary schools can be improved, ensuring that students in need of psychosocial assistance are better served. In conclusion, the implementation of this community service combines the Service Learning and Community-Based Participatory approaches to address issues in counseling services in remote secondary schools. The development of training modules and counseling materials emerges as a relevant and effective solution to enhance the quality of counseling services, involving the community as partners in the decision-making process and service implementation. It is expected that this community service will have a positive impact in assisting adolescents in overcoming issues and increasing awareness and social support within the school environment.
 Keywords: Counseling Services, Peer Counseling, Training Modules, Counseling Materials

개업상담자 다중역할 스트레스 척도 개발 및 타당화

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the compositional concept of multiple-role stress of practicing counselor and to develop and validate a scale that reflects this.
 Methods This study was conducted through a review of relevant literature and scale development research. Preliminary items were selected through an open-ended survey and content validity was verified through expert consultation. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 228 practicing counselors to develop the scale. To validate the developed scale, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on 240 practicing counselors from a new sample. The scale was verified for convergent validity, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability.
 Results Firstly, a practicing counselor multiple-role stress scale was developed through exploratory factor analysis, which consisted of 6 factors and 25 items. The subscales of the scale were role overload - counselor (6 items), role overload - owner (3 items), role conflict - counselor (6 items), role conflict - owner (3 items), role ambiguity - owner (4 items), and role ambiguity - counselor (3 items). The 6 factors explained 64.55% of the total variance. Secondly, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the structure of the 6 factors was adequate, as the fit indices were acceptable. Thirdly, the scale was found to have acceptable levels of convergent validity, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability.
 Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified the compositional concept of multiple-role stress of practicing counselors and developed and validated a tool to measure it. The practicing counselor multiple-role stress scale can be used as a tool to improve and prevent psychological harm for practicing counselors, and contribute to enhancing the quality of counseling services.

A Study on Exploring the Process of Transwomen's Gender Identity Development and its Relevant Experiences

<p>本研究聚焦跨性別族群重要之性別認同議題進行深究，以釐清其認同發展歷程與相關經驗。共14位跨性別女性（年齡為27至51歲；平均33.14歲）參與研究訪談。質性分析結果顯示，跨性別女性之性別認同發展歷程分為「性別自在期」、「性別壓迫期」、「性別朦朧期」、「性別蛻變期」及「性別行動期」五階段，這些階段並非線性前進，可能出現反覆或有個別差異。跨性別者經歷從不安到接受自我性別認同的歷程，亦是社會將多元性別議題從問題化到正常化的過程。就此，本研究擴增對跨性別女性在性別認同發展及社會角色轉換之理解，提出完善跨性別者心理健康服務之建議，以期能深化專業服務品質，建構多元性別友善之政策。</p> <p> </p><p>Since transgender people do not match or fulfill the gender framework regulated by traditional society, they usually face immense stigma and discrimination from others. This may result in some transgender people concealing and hiding their self-gender identity and cutting off their relations with others, thereby leading to mental health problems. In this vein, how professionals assist transgender people in facing these challenges and adapting to society during the process of self-gender identity development is an important issue that warrants further attention. However, previous studies have indicated that counselors generally have limited understanding of transgender people and their conditions, and hence, usually find it difficult to work with them during the counseling process. For counseling to become a useful resource for transgender people and for counselors to provide a suitable professional service, they need to enhance their understanding of transgender experiences and issues related to the identity development of transgender people. </p> <p>This study explored the issue of transwomen’s gender identity development. A total of 14 transwomen (average age, 33.14 years, ranging from 27-51 years) participated in the interviews to clarify the development process of transwomen’s gender identity and their relevant experiences. Through analysis, the results of this study revealed that the process of transwomen’s gender identity development consists of five stages: being gender-free, gender oppression, gender obscurity, gender metamorphosis, and gender action. As indicated in the interviews, during the gender-free stage, which occurred during childhood, interviewees and their family members could accept gender disposition, appearance, and performance. Even though some interviewees complained or felt confused about their male genital organs, their family members or relatives usually took no offense at a child’s babble and let nature take its course. During the stage of gender oppression, which occurred during school age, interviewees started feeling oppressed by gender-stereotyped rules and restrictions on the role of gender in society. Some of them also faced problems such as school bullying, discrimination, or being edged out by their peers. Some interviewees adopted strategies, such as seeking help from their peers, being prominent in academic performance, or disguising and hiding their feminine features to cope with these problems. Interviewees usually experienced the stage of being gender obscure in adolescence with the development of sexual desires. Due to the lack of suitable gender (or sex) education, some of them were unable to distinguish the concept of gender identity from gender orientation. Moreover, self-doubts and discrimination from others may affected their mental health. However, they still had deeply hidden desires, and so tried on female clothes in secret. The stage of gender metamorphosis occurred during their university years or at the time of entering the workforce. At this stage, interviewees could mentally and physically distance themselves from their previous experiences of discrimination and oppression. Through engagement in courses, communities, and the initiative on same-sex marriage, interviewees were better able to explore themselves and the transgender issue, have trials on changes in outfits and appearance, and integrate their self-gender identity. The final stage is called “gender action.” Interviewees’ outfits and behaviors were more explicitly female-oriented during this stage, which pushed their sex to be more consistent with their gender life experiences. They may even have had treatments for sex reversal, such as hormone therapy or medical surgery. In other words, they may have tried to accomplish the social or medical transition. Notably, the process of a transgender person’s development of gender identity is not always linear. Transgender people may reexperience certain stages, and differences exist between individuals in terms of the development process. In summary, the results of this study could be a useful reference for counselors to gain a better understanding of issues related to transwomen’s gender identity. This may deepen the quality of counseling services offered to transgender clients and thus construct a gender-friendly counseling environment.</p> <p> </p>

Evaluating quality of contraceptive counseling using SERVQUAL model: A cross-sectional study in southern Ethiopia, 2021.

Providing quality contraceptive counseling services is essential to support mothers in using modern contraceptives that meet their needs. However, the quality of service provision has not been evaluated in a study setting. This study aimed to assess the quality of contraceptive counseling using a service quality model in southern Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-section study was conducted. The study was conducted from 15 May to 15 June 2021 at the public health facilities of Boloso Bombe Woreda in southern Ethiopia. In total, 391 clients were included using systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured service quality questionnaire, entered into EPI data version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 25 for data analysis. The significant difference and correlation between the mean of a client's perception and expectation were determined using the Wilcoxon's sign test. The correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and the quality of counseling was tested using the Friedman's test. A p value of <0.05 was taken as the criterion for statistical significance. Finally, the result was presented in a table and pie chart. The study participants included 391 women of childbearing age attending family planning clinics, with a 96.6% response rate. Overall, the quality of advice was found to be low. Respondents' ages (p < 0.001, χ2 = 385.00), number of living children (p < 0.001, χ2 = 381.04), marital status (p < 0.001, χ2 = 359.60), type of contraceptive method (p < 0.001, χ2 = 379.61), user type (p < 0.001, χ2 = 368.59), occupations (p < 0.001, χ2 = 379.00), and educational status (p < 0.001, χ2 = 371), 20) were statistically associated with the quality of counseling service. In all health facilities, the quality of contraceptive counseling services was low. Family planning users had high expectations of the contraceptive counseling service compared to that which they received.

Improving the quality of counseling services for students based on digital applications in line with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum

This study discusses the issue of improving the quality of counseling services for students by relying on digital applications following the direction of implementing the independent curriculum and considering the efficiency and innovation of services, especially when a pandemic hits Indonesian schools. The applications were used, including WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and several other applications used for consulting services to make breakthroughs that have been consulting regularly. This research finding is helpful for the smooth implementation of similar studies in the future. In addition, this study was done in a qualitative design and under a phenomenological approach.

Kepribadian Ideal Konselor Islam dalam Qasidah Munfarijah Karya Syekh Yusuf Bin Muhammad Yusuf At-Tuzi

Islamic guidance and counseling is an activity that is helpful and contributes to every individual in need in terms of alleviating the problems they face. However, the facts on the ground show that many counseling practices deviate from predetermined standards so that it affects the results of the services provided to counselees. One of the factors that causes the low quality of counseling services is the personality of the counselor who is less than ideal. This study aims to describe the ideal personality of Islamic counselors in the Qasidah Mun- farijah by Sheikh Yusuf bin Muhammad Yusuf At-Tuzi. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with the type of hermeneutic research, while the data analysis uses the objectivist hermeneutics cycle of the part-whole path from Gadamer. The conclusion of this study is that there are 9 ideal personalities of Islamic counselors found in Sheikh Yusuf bin Muhammad Yusuf’s Qasidah Munfarijah, namely patient, pleased, guiding, diligent in doing good deeds, character, trustworthiness, gentle, good at communicating and knowledgeable.

MICRO-COUNSELING SKILLS MASTERY OF GUIDANCE COUNSELORS AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

The purpose of this study was to determine how far the micro-counseling skills mastered by Guidance Counselors (counselor) at the Junior High School (SMP) in Kulon Progo Regency. The subject of the study were guidance counselors/teachers at the Junior High Schools in Kulon Progo Regency with a proportional sample of 33 teachers. Research data were collected using a questionnaire instrument and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study show: 1) All guidance counselors believe that the use of counseling skills can improve the quality of counseling services, but only the majority of guidance counselors use these skills. The micro counseling skills used by most of the Kulon Progo guidance counselors are attention, opening, acceptance, direction, strengthening, advice, summary, and termination. 2) A small number of guidance counselors admitted that they had never received micro-counseling skills material, either when they were still students in college or when they had entered as practitioners or guidance counselors. Suggestion from this research is that guidance counselors need to take part in training to increase their capacity for mastering micro-counseling skills. The training can be in the form of role-playing with colleagues or practice handling cases directly with the assistance of a competent supervisor. Professional organizations, universities, and schools need to provide support to guidance counselors in efforts to develop and improve the competence of micro-counseling skills.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0765/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

School counselors' attitude toward online counseling services during the pandemic: The effects of resilience and digital self‐efficacy

AbstractSchool counseling activities have been delivered online during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This compulsory change has been associated with difficulties in school counseling services. The resilience and digital skills of school counselors are likely to influence the quality of counseling services and their attitude toward online work. Thus, we examined the role of resilience on their attitude toward online counseling services during the pandemic. We also looked at the role of digital skills on their attitudes toward online counseling. The sample consisted of 149 school counselors. We conducted structural equation modeling, in which the direct and indirect effects of resilience and digital self‐efficacy was tested. The results suggested that higher resilience was significantly associated with better attitudes toward school counseling. Moreover, resilient school counselors had higher digital self‐efficacy, which was associated with more positive attitudes toward online school counseling. The implications in terms of preservice and in‐service education of school counselors and interventions to promote resilience were discussed.

Developing a Peer Counseling Guidebook for Junior High School Students: Enhancing Counseling Services and Promoting Mental Well-being

The development of a peer counseling guidebook for junior high school students aims to enhance the quality of counseling services in schools. Drawing from the necessity of addressing adolescent challenges and the significance of peer influence, this study utilized a development model to create an effective guide. The research involved 42 class VIII students, following the ADDIE model for guide development. Material and design experts validated the guide, resulting in high scores of 96.8% and 87.5%, respectively. Field trials exhibited promising results, with an average score of 85.7% to 90.3%. The guidebook's potential was evident in positive student responses, indicating its capacity to strengthen social support networks and promote mental well-being among adolescents. This research contributes a holistic approach to guidebook development, emphasizing practical needs and mental health literacy. Despite limitations in generalizability, future research should broaden field trials to diverse school contexts for wider applicability. In conclusion, the peer counseling guide offers valuable support in addressing adolescent challenges, emphasizing the importance of peer influence in school counseling services.

Quality of Counselling Services for Pregnant Women in Community Clinics

Maternal health service had a potentially critical role in the improvement of reproductive health. This descriptive study was carried out in Tangail district, from 1st January to 31st December, 2019 to find out the quality of counselling of services for pregnant women in community clinics during pregnancy period. Data were collected among 289 respondents by face to face interview who had delivered within last 24 months and respondents were selected purposively. The majority (97.6%) of the respondents were housewife and maximum (72%) of the respondent were below SSC in this study monthly family income mean was taka 16124.00± 10065.480. Majority of the respondents (99.2%) had received antenatal check-up from different health care facilities and highest (87.2%) had received from the community clinic other hands (6.0%) pregnant women got antenatal care from non-government hospital among 250 respondents (94.0%) pregnant women received ANC from CHCP also (4%) pregnant women received ANC from HA. Out of 250 pregnant women (70%) of the respondents were problem suffer during pregnancy. Here majority (59.6%) pregnant women were suffer from nausea and vomiting and only (6.3%) were suffering from constipation. Majority (89.2%) of the respondents had preparation about danger sign during pregnancy. Most 245 (98%) of the respondents of pregnant women had information about ANC and most (85.7%) got information from CHCF on other hand ride got information (2.9%) from neighbour. half (4.8%) of the respondents choice of conduct delivery at upazila health complex followed by (48.8%) only choice of conduct clinics. Most (98%) of the respondents had received TT vaccine and maximum (95.1%) of the respondents had completed TT vaccine. Enough skilled manpower for patient care (98.4%). Health care provider perform ANC check-up (96.8%). Health care provider counselling during pregnancy (96.4%) physical examination (98.0%) explanation of health. (99.2%) health care provider give any advice before departure (70.4%). Continue to follow-up health status over phone (99.2%). Service providers in health care shows that 33.3% was BSc/BA, 42.9% of service providers were masters and above their professional training more than one third (38.1%) of the providers has basic training, 47.6% had basic &amp; CSBA and rest 14.3% had ECT and nutritional training. Majority 100% of the provider’s designation had CHCP, number of staff in two health care had more than half (57.1%) providers.

Assessing quality of family planning counseling and its determinants in Kenya: Analysis of health facility exit interviews.

BackgroundAvailable evidence suggests that provision of quality of care in family planning services is crucial to increasing uptake and continuation of use of contraception. Kenya achieved a modern contraceptive prevalence rate of 60% in 2018, surpassing its 2020 target of 58%. With the high prevalence, focus is geared towards improved quality of family planning services. The objective of this study is to examine the quality of family planning counseling and its associated factors in health facilities in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the 2019 Kenya Performance Monitoring and Action, client exit data of women who had received family planning services. Quality of counseling was assessed using the Method Information Index Plus. We conducted a multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis of data from 3,731 women to establish determinants of receiving quality family planning services.ResultsThe Method Information Index Plus score for higher-quality counseling was 56.7%, lower-quality counseling 32.4%, and no counseling 10.9%. Women aged 15–24 years (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56–0.86, p = 0.001) had lower odds of receiving better counseling compared to women aged 35 years and above. Those with no education (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.82, p = 0.005), primary (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.44–0.71, p<0.001) and secondary (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65–0.98, p = 0.028) were less likely to receive better counseling compared to those with tertiary education. Women who received long acting and reversible contraception methods (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.42–2.17, p<0.001), and those who were method switchers (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.03–1.50, p = 0.027), had a higher likelihood of receiving better quality of counseling as compared to those on short-term methods and those who were continuers, respectively.ConclusionThe quality of family planning counseling in Kenya is still sub-optimal considering that some women receive no form of counseling at service delivery point. There is need to review the existing FP guidelines and training packages to increase focus on the quality of counseling services offered by health providers. Social accountability strategies that empower women to demand quality services should be included in community-level family planning interventions.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR STUDENT COUNSELORS: DIFFERENCES AND RELATIONSHIPS

Background: School students might be at risk of suffering from a range of psychological disorders. Student counselorswould help in understand the relationships and differences between these disorders. Objectives:The study aimed to recognize the differences and relationships of psychological disorders among school students from the perspective of the students counselors in Taif. Methods and Material:A mixed-methods approach was used. Eighty-four student counselors filled in a questionnaire and 13 were interviewed. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance – ANOVA, and Spearmans rank-order correlation were used. Results: There are significant differences at p&lt;.05 in the psychological disorders experienced by students in favor of the students in secondary school (M=4.63, SD=.848), in crowded schools that have between 1001–1200 students (M=2.298, SD=.335), and in favour of student counselors with experience of at least ten years (M=2.289, SD=.179). There are positive correlations between psychological disorders and the total number of the students in a school (rho=.466, p&lt;.001), the experience level of student counselors (rho=.423, p&lt;.001), and the students education stage (rho=.208, p&lt;.05). Qualitative data were in line with the findings of the quantitative data. Conclusions:It is important to have adequate numbers of student counselors in schools, as this improves the quality of counseling services provided. Exploring psychological disorders as early as possible also helps in treating the students successfully. Finally, it is essential to enhance mental health in schools, and this is part of the Saudi Vision 2030, specifically in the area of social well-being. Key messages:School students suffer from a number of psychological disorders and it is clear that student counselors help in exploring these disorders and the relationshipsand differences between them, so that the counselors are able to deal with them. Acknowledgement:The authors would like to thank the Administration of Education in Taif. The authors also thank all those who volunteered their time to participate in this study.

Counseling Tradition and Counseling Services Status in Ethiopia

The underlying point of reference in the study was obtaining relevant information from modern and professional counselors in the country in view of the societal understanding and interest of practicing the counseling services in their lifetime. The counseling organizations involved in the study were representing modern counseling structure and practices based on certain relevance they could have for the intended lessons. To achieve its goal, qualitative study method was conducted employing thematic data analysis technique. The tools used to gather information were interview, observation and focus group discussions conducted with key informants of the institutions. The study result identified that counseling and counseling service quality is at promising status in the country. Institutions engaging in counseling services provision focus on indigenous wisdom, personal experience and knowledge captured from educational institutes. Since the work is so fragmented, much is expected from concerned government and non-government organizations in boosting the purpose and functions of counseling in order to maintain adolescents’ holistic development in and out of school. Accordingly, counseling as a tradition among the community, specifically the Oromo, become practical to maintain peaceful mental and social serenity with further consideration to progress.

The Psychological Well-Being and Self-Compassion on Malaysian Teachers of Counseling and Guidance

The national development and government initiatives in realizing educational transformation has made the profession of school counseling and guidance teachers facing a challenging and vulnerable role with stress that affects their well-being. The psychological well-being of school counseling and guidance teachers need to be explored and understood to ensure their services in schools are implemented effectively. The study intends to seek contribution of self-compassion to psychological well-being among school counseling and guidance teachers. The results of previous studies have got that; (a) self-compassion contribute to the psychological well-being of school counseling and guidance teachers; and (b) good psychological well-being of school counseling and guidance teachers can promote the quality of counseling services. The implication of this study explains the demand to develop psychological well-being among Malaysian school counseling and guidance teachers. Proposed follow-up recommendations need to be performed by focusing on quantitative studies focused at further interpretation of this issues.

Counseling and counseling services status in Ethiopia

The underlying point of reference in the study was obtaining relevant information from modern and professional counselors in the country in view of the societal understanding and interest of using the counseling services in their lifetime. The counseling organizations involved in the study were chosen representing practices of modern counseling structure in the study that has based on certain relevance they could have for the intended lessons. Qualitative study method was conducted employing framework data analysis technique. The tools used to gather information were interview, observation and focus group discussions with key informants of the institutions. The study result identified that even though counseling and counseling service quality is at promising status, much is expected from concerned government and non-government organizations in boosting the purpose and functions of counseling in maintaining adolescents’ holistic development in and out of school. Consequently, counseling as a tradition among Ethiopian community, specifically the Oromo, become practical to maintain peaceful mental and social serenity of the community with further consideration to progress.

PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN STRATEGI MUTU LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BERORENTASI PUBLIC TRUST PADA SMK DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

The involvement of guidance and counseling teachers in the school activities program has not been maximized. There has never been a quality audit of guidance and counseling services, Not yet having a standard operational procedure for guidance and counseling services. This service aims to improve the culture of quality guidance and counseling services through training in quality guidance and counseling service quality in Banjarmasin City. The target of service is the teachers of guidance and counseling at Vocational Schools in Banjarmasin City. Method of activities in the form of seminars and workshop about the strategy of quality guidance and counseling services. Achievement target; Strategic policy for the success of the school quality culture, strategic policy for the success of the quality culture. Targeted Output from Service; Seminar, e-ISSN Journal, Guidance and Counseling Quality Strategy Culture Guidebook.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN MUTU PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI LAYANAN KONSELING

School counseling services have a very important role in order to improve the quality of school students to understand about themselves and also recognize their potential. This research was conducted at SD Plus Al-Kautsar Malang using qualitative approach with qualitative descriptive research and a total quality management analysis technique, Flow Chart. Data collection using observation, interviews and documentation. Sources of data obtained from the Principal, Head of Student Affairs and guidance and counseling teachers (BK). The results showed that the improvement in the quality of counseling services was done by increasing the number of counseling staff in schools and then conducted special training for guidance and counseling (BK) teachers because the number of students ranged from more than 500 people so counseling counselors needed approximately 3 counselors, ideally the ratio of guidance and counseling teachers for 1 teacher serving approximately 100-150 students only. School counseling services are considered beneficial for students and parents, because they provide additional support for students in the academic, personal and social fields and careers to improve student achievement. Likewise, parents can collaborate with school counselors to find out problems and forms of problem solving both in the field of learning and potential outside the field of learning.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: counseling Services, total quality management, flow chart

상담서비스 품질에 대한 상담사의 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 전자제품 상담서비스를 중심으로 -

상담서비스 품질에 대한 상담사의 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 전자제품 상담서비스를 중심으로 -