Quality Of Hospital Care Research Articles

The Impact of Hospital Competition on the Quality of Care in Europe: A Systematic Review

Objectives This study analyzes the results of empirical studies on the impact of hospital competition (rivalry and market pressure) on the quality of care in European countries. Methods A systematic review has been conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewing and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, using the following online databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. The search protocol covers studies published in English between January 2015 and mid-April 2024. Results Eight out of 14 eligible studies document significant positive associations, at least in the short term, between hospital competition and the quality of care measured through objective outcome indicators. Of the other six, one study demonstrates a negative relationship in a specific context. The findings of the remaining five studies are heterogeneous and context-dependent (two out of five) or suggest no discernible association between the two examined phenomena (three out of five). The respective contexts with positive, negative, or no statistically significant associations have been identified. Conclusions The most essential impacts of competition on the quality of hospital care have been summarized, and avenues for future research and policy implications have been discussed.

Impact of quality of care on outcomes in survivors of stroke with aphasia: A linked registry and hospital data observational study

BackgroundThe impact of hospital care quality on patient outcomes in post-stroke aphasia remains unclear. We investigated the impact of nationally-endorsed acute stroke treatments on outcomes post-stroke, by aphasia status. MethodsPatient-level data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (2009–2013) linked to national deaths, hospital emergency presentations and admissions data were used. Aphasia was identified for the index stroke event (ICD-10 diagnosis code R47.0). Impact of receiving an optimal stroke care bundle (stroke unit care, antihypertensive medication at discharge and discharge care plan) and an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care bundle (stroke unit care, intravenous thrombolysis and aspirin within 48 h of admission) on outcomes were analysed using multivariable regression models with propensity score adjustment. ResultsThe study included 12,690 patients with a median age of 76, 54 % male, and 26 % with aphasia. Non-receipt of the optimal stroke care bundle was associated with worse survival, compared to optimal care, in people with aphasia (HR: 3.37; 95 % CI 2.10, 5.40; p < 0.05) and without aphasia (HR: 2.10; 95 % CI 1.19, 3.69; p < 0.05). Notably, the dose-response effect on survival was more pronounced in individuals with aphasia. In those who received the AIS care bundle, readmission within 12 months was greater in those without aphasia (vs aphasia, p-value interaction = 0.001), whereas survival was similar (p-value interaction = 0.731). ConclusionsSurvivors of stroke with aphasia who did not receive the optimal stroke care bundle, had worse survival at 12 months post-stroke. Ensuring eligible patients receive the optimal stroke care bundle is crucial for improving their 12-month survival.

One for all? Assessing the quality of Italian hospital care with the “benefit of the doubt” composite indicator methods

Quality assessment in healthcare systems is challenging due to the multidimensional nature of healthcare services. This study evaluates the overall quality provided by hospitals using composite indicators under the Benefit of the Doubt (BoD) approach, which determines the weights of the indicators with minimal assumptions. We used data from 2015-2020 for Italian Local Health Authorities (LHAs) for 21 outcome measures, applying various non-parametric methods to address aggregation and weighting challenges. Our results show that the BoD measures are robust and effectively capture the dynamics of the quality of LHA, even during external shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This research highlights the importance of methodological choices in the construction of composite indicators and demonstrates the effectiveness of the BoD approach in providing a comprehensive measure of healthcare quality.

Quality of neonatal health care in comprehensive specialized hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a retrospective study with neonatal death audit

BackgroundNeonatal health is one of the targets for the sustainable development goals (SDGs) that aim to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1 000 live births in 2030. However, the world is not on track to achieve this target. The problem has worsened in many low-income countries, including Ethiopia, due to a fragile health system, as well as health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, conflict, food insecurity and climate change. According to the Mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, neonatal mortality is unacceptably high in Ethiopia in general, and in Amhara region in particular. Despite these facts, there is a paucity of information on the quality of neonatal health service provision in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara region. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the quality of neonatal health services in terms of outcome (neonatal mortality) and its causes in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara region.MethodsA multi-center retrospective study was conducted (from September 1–30/2022) on 315 neonates in four comprehensive hospitals with chart review. Data were collected through death audit with standardized neonatal death audit tool. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to describe and summarize the data in an informative manner.ResultsFrom 315 neonatal deaths, about two-thirds, 205 (65.1%), were from rural areas. Nearly half, 151 (48%), of the mothers had complications and delivered outside a health facility. About 36 (11.4%), 45 (14.3%), and 21 (6.7%) neonates’ mothers had 1st, 2nd, and 3rd delays, respectively. About 59 (19%) of mothers had membrane rupture before the onset of labor and 23 (7.3%) had meconium-stained liquor. Almost three-fourths, 226 (71.7%), of the deaths were low birth weight (< 2500 gram). About 25 (8%) of neonates had congenital anomalies, 65% of them had fast breathing and 54.6% were preterm.ConclusionHigher proportions of neonatal deaths were observed among neonates with rural residence, low birth weight, mothers’ complications and neonates admitted for fast breathing. Histories of abortion, complications, congenital anomalies, and the 3 delays contributed to neonatal deaths.

Improving the quality and guideline concordance of multidisciplinary gastric cancer care in a safety net hospital.

314 Background: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and disproportionally affects people of East Asian and Latin American ethnicities. This study aimed to implement and evaluate an intervention to improve the quality and guideline concordance of multidisciplinary gastric cancer care at a public safety net hospital, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG). Methods: A quality improvement (QI) intervention was developed and evaluated by pre-post comparison of clinical data. (1) An in-depth chart review of all patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in 2017-2019 (n=17) evaluated concordance with evidence-based guidelines and quality metrics. (2) Multidisciplinary meetings identified barriers to high quality care and established targets for improvement. (3) A clinical algorithm tailored for ZSFG was disseminated to standardize gastric cancer management. (4) A post-intervention chart review was conducted of all patients from 2021-2022 (n=22). (5) Descriptive statistics and pre-post comparison of QI metrics with Chi square and Kruskal Wallis tests were performed. Results: Pre-intervention clinical data and multidisciplinary input identified gaps in care: variation in provider knowledge and practices, rapidly evolving guidelines, limited access to advanced diagnostic modalities, and non-standardized surgical documentation. After implementation of a standardized approach to address these gaps, pre-post improvement was seen in rates of tumor board presentation (36.3% vs. 85.7%, P= 0.033), use of endoscopic ultrasound (9.09% vs. 64.2%, P= 0.017), pre-treatment nodal staging (27.2% vs. 78.5%, P= 0.030), receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (20% vs. 80%, P=0.007 ), documentation of lymphadenectomy type (25% vs. 100%, P= 0.015), and a trend toward reduced time to PET/CT scan (median, 8.5 weeks pre vs 7.1 weeks post, P= 0.268). Conclusions: A QI intervention was successfully implemented to standardize gastric cancer care at ZSFG. Significant improvements were seen in all targeted metrics except time to outside PET scan. Potential confounders affecting pre-post care quality included personnel changes in a small workforce and the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, our intervention led to sustained improvements in practice patterns. We aim to replicate this success with other malignancies. Category Pre-Intervention Target Post-Intervention P value* Tumor Board% cM0 cases presented 36% (n=11) &gt;90% 86% (n=14) 0.033 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)% cM0 cases referred for clinical staging 9% (n=11) &gt;90% 64% (n=14) 0.017 Nodal staging (with EUS or PET) 27% (n=11) N/A 79% (n=14) 0.030 Receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy% eligible patients 20% (n=10) &gt;80% 80% (n=10) 0.007 Surgery documentationLymphadenectomy type (i.e., D1 or D2) 25% (n=8) 100% 100% (n=7) 0.015 Time from diagnosis to PET/CT (median) 8.5 wks &lt;5 wks 7.1 wks 0.268 *Chi square test, Kruskal-Wallis test.

Hospital Unit Type and Professional Roles as a Predictor of Relational Coordination in an Army Medical Center.

High-quality communication and relationships are associated with quality of care. Workflow differences across hospital units can impede communication and relationships among health care professionals. Relational coordination (RC) is a process of communication supported by shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect and is associated with quality of care and better performance outcomes in civilian hospitals. However, RC has not been explored in military hospitals. The objective of our study was to determine whether RC differs between hospital units and professional roles. Specifically, we examined RC differences by unit type for nurses, resident physicians, and physicians working in an Army Medical Center. We conducted an exploratory analysis of a secondary question from a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of active-duty and civilian licensed practical nurses (LPNs), registered nurses (RNs), physician residents, and physicians (n = 289). We received institutional review board approval from the study site. Data were collected from January 2020 to March 2020, and participants completed a 47-item survey regarding their experiences of RC in various hospital units. We used t tests and one-way analyses of variance to explore bivariate relationships between RC and other study variables, as well as multiple regression to explore whether RC varied by unit type. We controlled for education and experience by including them in the model because these variables may influence perceptions of nurse-physician RC and their interactions with each other. Seventy percent of participants were civilian (n = 203), 75% RNs (n = 217), and 78% female (n = 216). The mean age of respondents was 40 years (SD = 11.7), and the mean experience level was 11.9 years (SD = 9.5). RC was not associated with unit type. Total RC and between-role RC were associated with professional role. Physicians reported higher RC (β = .45, P = .01), and LPNs reported lower RC (β = -.06, P = .01). Education and experience were associated with RC. Participants with less experience reported higher RC (β = -.01, P = .00), and participants with graduate degrees reported lower RC (β = -.62, P = .00). We recommend hospital leaders consider interventions to build interprofessional relationships, including interdisciplinary meetings, huddles, and structured communication tools. Improving RC among health care professionals is a cost-effective and unique way to enhance communication and collaboration among health care professionals across hospital units.

Nursing perception towards the impact of JCI accreditation on the quality of care in a university hospital in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study investigates nursing staff perceptions regarding the impact of Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation on the quality of care within a university hospital in Palestine. The research specifically examines how the accreditation process influences nursing practices, patient results, and overall healthcare quality in a challenging environment marked by unique operational and external pressures.MethodsThe study was conducted at An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH), a university hospital in Palestine, using a cross-sectional survey design. The structured questionnaire employed in the study was based on the Donabedian model, which evaluates the process and outcome dimensions of healthcare quality influenced by JCI accreditation. The questionnaire consisted of 47 items, divided into ten main subsections. These subsections included participants’ demographical information (6 items), quality measurement and analysis (4 items), leadership, commitment and support (4 items), use of data (4 items), strategic quality planning (4 items), human resources education and training (4 items), quality management (4 items), quality results (4 items), staff involvement (5 items), and benefits of accreditation (8 items). The questionnaire was rigorously designed to assess both the quality processes and quality results. The eight subscales evaluated various aspects, such as leadership commitment, strategic planning, and staff involvement. To ensure reliability, the internal consistency of the survey was confirmed with a high Cronbach’s alpha score, demonstrating the tool’s robustness and reliability in capturing the intended data.ResultsThe study of 180 nurses overwhelmingly supported the positive impact of JCI accreditation on hospital quality improvement processes. More than 90% of respondents acknowledged the role of accreditation in improving resource utilization, meeting population needs, and promoting professional standards and values ​​among staff. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and stepwise regression, highlighted strong positive associations between quality process variables and quality results. In particular, leadership commitment, strategic planning, and staff engagement were found to be significant predictors of improved quality results.ConclusionsThis study’s findings demonstrate that JCI accreditation significantly positively impacts nurses’ perceptions of care quality at NNUH. The study underscores the importance of international accreditation in driving quality improvements in healthcare, particularly in settings with unique challenges such as those faced in Palestine. These insights are crucial for policymakers and healthcare administrators aiming to enhance care standards through accreditation in similar environments.

Rates Of Patient Safety Indicators In Belgian Hospitals Were Low But Generally Higher Than In US Hospitals, 2016-18.

More than two decades ago, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality developed its Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) to monitor potentially preventable and severe adverse events within hospitals. Application of PSIs outside the US was explored more than a decade ago, but it is uncertain whether they remain relevant within Europe, as no up-to-date assessments of overall PSI-associated adverse event rates or interhospital variability can be found in the literature. This article assesses the nationwide occurrence and variability of thirteen adverse events for a case study of Belgium. We studied 4,765,850 patient stays across all 101 hospitals for 2016-18. We established that although adverse event rates were generally low, with an adverse event observed in 0.1percent of medical hospital stays and in 1.2percent of surgical hospital stays, they were higher than equivalent US rates and were prone to considerable between-hospital variability. Failure-to-rescue rates, for example, equaled 23percent, whereas some hospitals exceeded nationwide central line-associated bloodstream infection rates by a factor of 8. Policy makers and hospital managers can prioritize PSIs that have high adverse event rates or large variability, such as failure to rescue or central line-associated bloodstream infections, to improve the quality of care in Belgian hospitals.

Prediction of clinical deterioration risk at 8 hours after arrival in emergency department in non‐traumatic patients using trends in modified early warning score level

AbstractBackgroundImproving the quality of medical care in hospitals is a major priority for all departments. The early warning score (EWS) trend is an effective early risk stratification tool that reflects the changes in patient condition and allows better assessment of deterioration risk.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether utilizing the trend of the modified early warning score (MEWS) level within 4 h of a patient's arrival in the emergency department (ED) could identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration at 8 h after arrival in the ED.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of non‐trauma patients who had at least two vital sign measurements (Glasgow Coma Scale score, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature) within 8 h of arriving in the ED. The primary outcome was patients who had MEWS ≥ 4 at 8 h after arrival in the ED. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis using age, sex, MEWS level at arrival in the ED, MEWS level within 4 h after arrival in the ED, and MEWS level trend over time.ResultsAmong the 5825 patients, 680 (11.7%) were at risk of deterioration at 8 h after arrival in the ED. To predict the risk of deteriorating conditions (MEWS ≥ 4), utilizing the MEWS level trend within 4 h of arrival in the ED was more effective in identifying patients at risk of deterioration after 8 h of arrival in the ED compared to using a single MEWS value during the ED stay. The corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.756 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.734–0.778) and 0.846 (95% CI 0.827–0.865), respectively (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsThe proposed trend‐based predictive model for MEWS levels can alert healthcare personnel regarding patients at increased risk of deterioration (MEWS ≥ 4), potentially reducing mortality rates during ED stays.

Process indicators outshine outcome measures: assessing hospital quality of care in breast cancer treatment in China

Reporting the results of quality indicators can narrow the gap in the quality of care between hospitals. While most studies rely on outcome indicators, they may not accurately measure the quality of care. Process indicators are not only strongly associated with treatment outcomes, but are also more sensitive to whether patients are treated accurately, enabling timely intervention. Our study aims to investigate whether process indicators provide a more reasonable assessment of hospital quality of care compared to outcome indicators. Data were sourced from the Specific Disease Medical Service Quality Management and Control System in China. A total of 113,942 patients with breast cancer treated in 298 hospitals between January 2019 and April 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The rankability of 11 process indicators was calculated and used as a weight to create a new composite indicator. The composite indicators and outcome measures were compared using the O/E ratio categories. Finally, in order to determine the impact of different years on the results, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrap sampling. The rankability (ρ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\rho$$\\end{document}) values of the eleven process indicators showed significant differences, with the highest ρ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\rho$$\\end{document} value for preoperative cytological or histological examination before surgery (0.919). The ρ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\rho$$\\end{document} value for the outcome indicator was 0.011. The rankability-weighting method yielded a comprehensive score (ρ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\rho$$\\end{document} = 0.883). The comparison with categorical results of the outcome indicator has different performance classifications for 113 hospitals (37.92%) for composite scores and 140 (46.98%) for preoperative cytological or histological examinationbefore surgery. Process indicators are more suitable than outcome indicators for assessing the quality of breast cancer care in hospitals. Healthcare providers can use process indicators to identify specific areas for improvement, thereby driving continuous quality improvement efforts.

Patient experience in bariatric surgery: protocol of a French narrative inquiry and qualitative analysis

IntroductionThe quality of hospital care, especially surgery, is traditionally assessed using indicators derived from healthcare databases or safety indicators. Given the growing importance of placing the patient at the heart...

Are heart attacks deadlier on weekends? Evidence of weekend effect in Brazil.

This article aims to examine the effects of weekend admission on in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Brazil. Information from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) of urgently admitted patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2008 and 2018 was used, made available through the Hospital Admission Authorization (AIH). Multivariable logistic regression models, controlling for observable patient characteristics, hospital characteristics and year and hospital-fixed effects, were used. The results were consistent with the existence of the weekend effect. For the model adjusted with the inclusion of all controls, the chance of death observed for individuals hospitalized on the weekend is 14% higher. Our results indicated that there is probably an important variation in the quality of hospital care depending on the day the patient is hospitalized. Weekend admissions were associated with in-hospital AMI mortality in Brazil. Future research should analyze the possible channels behind the weekend effect to support public policies that can effectively make healthcare equitable.

Generation of Indicators to Assess Quality of Health Care in Hospital at Home Through e-Delphi.

The quality of health care in hospital at home (HaH) has been measured in different countries using simple indicators and clinical results that only contribute to some dimensions of the quality of health care. We sought to generate indicators to comprehensively evaluate the quality of health care provided to HaH users through the e-Delphi technique. The e-Delphi technique was performed with the participation of 17 HaH experts. The methodological strategy applied in this study was divided into the following 3 phases: a preparatory phase; consultation phase; and consensus phase. Three rounds of consultations were conducted with experts. In round 1, they were asked to identify which aspects of HaH they believed should be evaluated using an indicator for each of the following 6 dimensions of health care quality: effectiveness; efficiency; timeliness; patient-centered care; equity; and safety. In round 2, they were asked to rate each indicator using a 5-point Likert-type scale with the following values: (1) Totally disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Moderately agree; (4) Agree; and (5) Totally agree. The criteria for evaluating each indicator were as follows: (1) The indicator is a useful measure for assessing the quality of health care provided to HaH users. (2) The indicator is clearly and specifically written and does not require modification. (3) The indicator is essential and incorporates information that can be extracted from HaH program records. An indicator was considered approved if it received at least 65% approval from the expert panel for each evaluation criterion. In round 3, experts were asked to reassess their ratings, taking into account the opinions of the other experts. The reliability of this technique was ensured through credibility, reliability, and confirmability. We obtained ethical approval of the corresponding institutions and informed consent from the participating experts. Nine unpublished and reliable indicators were generated. In addition, 13 indicators were incorporated that evaluate aspects previously analyzed by other authors and/or national and international institutions, which were adapted to be used in HaH. The total indicators generated (n = 22) represented all dimensions of the quality of health care: safety; opportunity; effectiveness; efficiency; equity; and patient-centered care. The 22 indicators generated through the e-Delphi technique permit a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of health care provided to HaH users.

Enhancing Disability Nursing Practice in Australia: Addressing Educational Preparedness.

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) face significant health challenges, including poor outcomes, limited access to health care, and a 26-year life expectancy gap compared with the general population. This highlights the need for improved public health and social policies to enhance the quality of care in hospital and community settings. An integrated literature review was conducted to examine the state of disability nursing practice in Australia following the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Support (NDIS) scheme. The review included English-language studies published from 2010 to 2023. Systematic searches in five databases resulted in a final sample of 28 studies. The data were then thematically analysed, and the following three themes emerged: Workforce development and professional standards, hospital experience and support needs of individuals with IDs, and nursing curriculum and ID. Study findings suggest that nurses lack preparation for effective health communication with individuals with IDs and their families. Evidence is insufficient to guide nursing practice and policies in ID care. Varying understandings of practice standards exist among nurses. Nursing curriculums in Australia fail to adequately prepare students to manage the unique needs of individuals with IDs, perpetuating the high mortality rates in this population. Specialised nursing practice areas are vital for meeting the complex needs of individuals with IDs. Reintroducing a disability nursing specialty and integrating dedicated study units and clinical placements in undergraduate programmes are recommended steps to improve care outcomes and support the overall well-being of this population.

Is it legitimate to use unplanned hospitalizations as a quality indicator for cancer patients? A retrospective French cohort study with special attention to the influence of social deprivation.

Readmission indicators are used around the world to assess the quality of hospital care. We aimed to assess the relevance of this type of indicator in oncology, especially for socially deprived patients. Our objectives were (1) to assess the proportion of unplanned hospitalizations (UHs) in cancer patients, (2) to assess the proportion of UHs that were avoidable, i.e., related to poor care quality, and (3) to analyze cancer patients the effect of patients' deprivation level on the type of UH (avoidable UHs vs. unavoidable UHs). In a French university hospital, we selected all hospitalizations over a year for a random sample of cancer patients. Based on medical records, we identified those among UHs due to avoidable health problems. We assessed the association between social deprivation, home-to-hospital distance, or home-to-general practitioner with the type of UH (avoidable vs. unavoidable) via a multivariate binary logit estimation. Among 2349 hospitalizations (355 patients), there were 383 UHs (16 %), among which 38% were avoidable. Among UHs, the European Deprivation Index was significantly associated with the risk of avoidable UHs, with a lower risk of avoidable UH for patients with medium or high social deprivation. Our results suggest that the use of UHs rate as a quality indicator is questionable in oncology. Indeed, the majority of UHs were not avoidable. Furthermore, within UHs, those involving patients with medium or high social deprivation are more often unavoidable in comparison with other patients.

Improving Patient Flow in the Emergency Rooms using Coloured Petri Nets and the ACO Algorithm

Overcrowding is certainly one of the major problems that have affected the work of the health care system in recent years, especially in the Emergency Department (ED), In addition, overcrowding has a significant impact on the quality of health care in hospitals. In addition to creating issues for patients and staff, overcrowding in the ED can lead to medical errors, longer wait times, and thus causes financial losses to hospitals. Emergency services are considered necessary in society, given the human need for them at any stage of their life. The emergency department is a complex system due to the nature of the resources it contains. Many researchers are interested in proposing many solutions to solve many problems in the emergency department. Researchers rely on many methods and techniques such as simulation, optimization algorithms, data mining, and other methods. In this research, we try to propose an approach based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms and colored Petri nets, the aim of which is to reduce waiting times and thus reduce the length of the patient’s stay. Simulation models are built utilizing colored Petri nets, and to determine human resources, the ACO algorithms are used. This research helps the administrative staff in the emergency department find appropriate solutions for human resources.

COVID-19 Admission Rates and Changes in Care Quality in US Hospitals

Unprecedented increases in hospital occupancy rates during COVID-19 surges in 2020 caused concern over hospital care quality for patients without COVID-19. To examine changes in hospital nonsurgical care quality for patients without COVID-19 during periods of high and low COVID-19 admissions. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 and 2020 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases. Data were obtained for all nonfederal, acute care hospitals in 36 states with admissions in 2019 and 2020, and patients without a diagnosis of COVID-19 or pneumonia who were at risk for selected quality indicators were included. The data analysis was performed between January 1, 2023, and March 15, 2024. Each hospital and week in 2020 was categorized based on the number of COVID-19 admissions per 100 beds: less than 1.0, 1.0 to 4.9, 5.0 to 9.9, 10.0 to 14.9, and 15.0 or greater. The main outcomes were rates of adverse outcomes for selected quality indicators, including pressure ulcers and in-hospital mortality for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, acute stroke, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hip fracture, and percutaneous coronary intervention. Changes in 2020 compared with 2019 were calculated for each level of the weekly COVID-19 admission rate, adjusting for case-mix and hospital-month fixed effects. Changes during weeks with high COVID-19 admissions (≥15 per 100 beds) were compared with changes during weeks with low COVID-19 admissions (<1 per 100 beds). The analysis included 19 111 629 discharges (50.3% female; mean [SD] age, 63.0 [18.0] years) from 3283 hospitals in 36 states. In weeks 18 to 48 of 2020, 35 851 hospital-weeks (36.7%) had low COVID-19 admission rates, and 8094 (8.3%) had high rates. Quality indicators for patients without COVID-19 significantly worsened in 2020 during weeks with high vs low COVID-19 admissions. Pressure ulcer rates increased by 0.09 per 1000 admissions (95% CI, 0.01-0.17 per 1000 admissions; relative change, 24.3%), heart failure mortality increased by 0.40 per 100 admissions (95% CI, 0.18-0.63 per 100 admissions; relative change, 21.1%), hip fracture mortality increased by 0.40 per 100 admissions (95% CI, 0.04-0.77 per 100 admissions; relative change, 29.4%), and a weighted mean of mortality for the selected indicators increased by 0.30 per 100 admissions (95% CI, 0.14-0.45 per 100 admissions; relative change, 10.6%). In this cross-sectional study, COVID-19 surges were associated with declines in hospital quality, highlighting the importance of identifying and implementing strategies to maintain care quality during periods of high hospital use.

Quality of Care in Hospitals and the Use of Mobile-Based Personal Health Record Applications: An Exploratory Study Using National Hospital Evaluation Data.

The use of mobile-based personal health record (m-PHR) applications at the hospital level has been minimally studied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between m-PHR use and quality of care. A cross-sectional study design was employed, analyzing data from 99 hospitals. Two data sources were utilized: a previous m-PHR investigation conducted from 26 May to 30 June 2022 and a hospital evaluation dataset on quality of care. The use of m-PHR applications was measured by the number of m-PHR application downloads. Three independent variables were assessed: quality of care in the use of antibiotic drugs, injection drugs, and polypharmacy with ≥6 drugs. A generalized linear model was used for the analysis. The hospitals providing high-quality care, as evaluated based on the rate of antibiotic prescription (relative risk [RR], 3.328; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.840 to 6.020; p < 0.001) and polypharmacy (RR, 2.092; 95% CI, 1.027 to 4.261; p = 0.042), showed an increased number of m-PHR downloads. Among the hospital covariates, public foundation status and being part of multi-hospital systems were associated with the number of m-PHR downloads (p < 0.05). This exploratory study found a positive relationship between quality of care and m-PHR use. Hospitals providing high-quality care may also excel in various activities, including m-PHR application use.

Nurse perceptions of practice environment, quality of care and patient safety across four hospital levels within the public health sector of South Africa

Improving the practice environment, quality of care and patient safety are global health priorities. In South Africa, quality of care and patient safety are among the top goals of the National Department of Health; nevertheless, empirical data regarding the condition of the nursing practice environment, quality of care and patient safety in public hospitals is lacking.AimThis study examined nurses’ perceptions of the practice environment, quality of care and patient safety across four hospital levels (central, tertiary, provincial and district) within the public health sector of South Africa.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey design. We used multi-phase sampling to recruit all categories of nursing staff from central (n = 408), tertiary (n = 254), provincial (n = 401) and district (n = 244 [large n = 81; medium n = 83 and small n = 80]) public hospitals in all nine provinces of South Africa. After ethical approval, a self-reported questionnaire with subscales on the practice environment, quality of care and patient safety was administered. Data was collected from April 2021 to June 2022, with a response rate of 43.1%. ANOVA type Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) was used to present the differences in nurses’ perceptions across four hospital levels.ResultsNurses rated the overall practice environment as poor (M = 2.46; SD = 0.65), especially with regard to the subscales of nurse participation in hospital affairs (M = 2.22; SD = 0.76), staffing and resource adequacy (M = 2.23; SD = 0.80), and nurse leadership, management, and support of nurses (M = 2.39; SD = 0.81). One-fifth (19.59%; n = 248) of nurses rated the overall grade of patient safety in their units as poor or failing, and more than one third (38.45%; n = 486) reported that the quality of care delivered to patient was fair or poor. Statistical and practical significant results indicated that central hospitals most often presented more positive perceptions of the practice environment, quality of care and patient safety, while small district hospitals often presented the most negative. The practice environment was most highly correlated with quality of care and patient safety outcomes.ConclusionThere is a need to strengthen compliance with existing policies that enhance quality of care and patient safety. This includes the need to create positive practice environments in all public hospitals, but with an increased focus on smaller hospital settings.

The Influence of Motivation, Organizational Culture, and Transformational Leadership Style on Performance at Bhaktiasih General Hospital

This study investigates the influence of motivation, organizational culture, and transformational leadership style on performance at Bhaktiasih General Hospital. Utilizing quantitative analysis methods, data was collected from employees through surveys and analyzed using regression analysis. The results revealed significant positive effects of motivation, organizational culture, and transformational leadership style on employee performance with simultaneous test F count (318.779) &gt; F table (2.16), significance of 0.001 less than 0.10 and coefficient of determination of 0.823 or 82.30%. Specifically, higher levels of motivation, a strong organizational culture, and effective implementation of transformational leadership were associated with improved performance outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of fostering a motivational work environment, nurturing a positive organizational culture, and adopting transformational leadership practices to enhance performance in healthcare settings. Understanding these factors can inform management strategies aimed at improving overall performance and quality of care in hospitals like Bhaktiasih General Hospital.