Qualitative Research Methodology Research Articles

Implications of Switching Codes among Saudi English Learners in an Interactive EFL Contexts

This research monitored the impact of code switching in several linguistic contexts through qualitative research methodologies. The study interviewed ten Saudi bilinguals who code-switch between English and Arabic. Five of them were males and the other 5 were females. In order to conduct comparative research, six of the respondents were living in large cities and four of them were residents of small cities in Saudi Arabia. The research concluded that bilingual Saudis implement code-switching in professional settings and they claim it is natural and is more likely to be expected. Also, English Saudi bilinguals reported that they identify with English as well as Arabic and they were less likely to believe that communicating in English discard their Saudi identity or distort it. To sum it up, this current study found that it is natural for crowded and big or large cities to expand the importance of repetitive code-switching with the availability of non-Arabic speakers in several linguistic contexts and some professional settings.

Unleashing the Potential of TikTok: Exploring the Power of Mobile in Enhancing English Speaking Skills

The swift advancement of social media programs has facilitated their incorporation into language teaching. This study sought to examine the impact of the TikTok application on improving English language speaking abilities and learner independence in a cohort of 15 female English language students at the University of Jeddah, Khulais branch. A qualitative research methodology was employed to ascertain the students' perceptions regarding the efficacy of utilizing the TikTok application for enhancing their English language proficiency. This study utilized data collection and interviewing approaches to get information from a sample of pupils. An online survey was conducted utilizing a mixed method approach, which included both closed- and open-ended questions. The results demonstrated a beneficial effect of using the application for educational purposes on students' speaking abilities. Moreover, most participants indicated that their vocabulary range expanded and their pronunciation improved as a result of engaging with TikTok video content. Furthermore, it was observed that the application played a role in enhancing self-assurance in English communication.

The Impact of Islamophobia on the Persecution of Myanmar's Rohingya: A Human Rights Perspective

AbstractThe concept of Islamophobia and the persecution of the Rohingya minority—these two phenomena are highly significant in the world context. These factors have affected systematic violence and statelessness for many years by the Myanmar Buddhist majority and the Myanmar government itself. The Rohingya community has a significant connection with several factors, including political, economic, national, and religious relations. This paper is dependent on a qualitative research methodology using secondary data was used. Myanmar is a non-secular, Buddhist-dominated country where the Buddhist majority holds a perception of Islam to justify their violence towards this community and to ensure Buddhist domination. This paper will shed some light on the argument, and discusses the extent to which Islamophobia is significant behind violations of human rights in the Rohingya community.

Perceptions and Attitudes of SMEs and MNCs Managers Regarding CSR Implementation: Insights from Companies Operating in the Retail Sector

To establish a responsible business environment, it is important to analyze the way corporate social responsibility (CSR) is implemented within the business world. In this respect, managers play a crucial role in designing and applying the CSR concept and practices. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and analyze the perceptions and attitudes of medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and multinational companies (MNCs) managers in the Romanian retail sector related to CSR implementation. A documentary research approach and a qualitative research methodology through the use of four focus groups were utilized to fulfill the above-mentioned purpose. Additionally, the authors employed content analysis and Nvivo 14 software to process the collected data. The findings indicate that the size of firms represents a key element of managers’ perceptions and attitudes regarding CSR. Particularly, SME managers have a lower level of familiarity with the concept and the potential advantages for business compared to MNC managers. Furthermore, when it comes to CSR practices, MNCs use a comprehensive approach to meeting the demands of their stakeholders, whereas SMEs prioritize the requirements of their employees. One major obstacle in implementing the CSR concept continues to be the high expenses involved in the businesses.

Cross-Cultural Mediators in Resolving Conflicts in Indonesia

This article focuses on the role of cross-cultural mediators in resolving conflicts related to cultural violence in Indonesia and provides an overview of the cultural context in Indonesia and the factors that contribute to the prevalence of cultural violence. The article then discusses the role of cross-cultural mediators in facilitating dialogue and promoting understanding between different cultural groups. Using a qualitative research methodology, the article explores the experiences of cross-cultural mediators working in different parts of Indonesia. Diverse references like literature, academic papers, scientific publications, dissertations, and similar materials concerning delicate cultural aspects, categorization of aggression within Indonesian society, and elements impacting the development of a violent culture are mentioned within the paper. The article highlights the challenges and opportunities that mediators face in their work, including the need to build trust and develop effective communication strategies. The article argues that cross-cultural mediation can be an effective tool for resolving conflicts related to cultural violence in Indonesia. The article emphasizes the importance of developing culturally sensitive and context-specific mediation strategies that take into account the unique cultural and historical factors that contribute to violence in different regions of the country. In conclusion, the article highlights the need for greater support for cross-cultural mediators in Indonesia, including training and capacity-building programs, as well as increased awareness and recognition of the important role that mediators play in promoting peace and resolving conflicts related to cultural violence. The article argues that cross-cultural mediation has the potential to contribute to building a more peaceful and just society. Keywords: cross culture, mediation, conflict, resolution

The Value of Character Education in Wayang Beber Pacitan Ninth Scene

Wayang beber Pacitan is a type of wayang that has existed since the Majapahit era. This type of wayang is a painting which is divided into 24 scenes. Each scene has a main character and supporting characters. Each character possesses different characteristics. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the main characters in the ninth scene of wayang beber Pacitan, namely, Prabu Brawijaya and Prabu Klana. This study follows the qualitative descriptive research methodology. Several data collection techniques were used, for example, observation, interviews, and document analysis. Purposive sampling was used as a sampling technique. Interactive analysis methods, with Roland Barthes’s semiotic theory, namely, through denotative, connotative, and mythical stages, were used for data analysis. Moreover, triangulation was used for data validation. The research concludes that the characters in the ninth scene can be divided into two, namely, Prabu Brawijaya, as the protagonist, and Prabu Klana, as the antagonist. Prabu Brawijaya, as the protagonist, has the character of being careful, wise, and alert, while Prabu Klana, as the antagonist, has the character of being easily angry, self-willed, and arrogant. The ninth scene of wayang beber Pacitan teaches us about the value of character education so one should always be careful in acting and wise in making decisions and should not be arrogant and selfish as this will have a negative impact on oneself and others. Apart from being an entertainment medium, wayang beber performances can also be used as a medium to convey moral messages. Through stories and understanding the characters in each scene, it can be used as a medium of character education. Keywords: antagonist, character, protagonist, scene, wayang beber

Use of Tirzepatide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Scientific Evidence and Practical Aspects.

Tirzepatide is a novel antidiabetic medication a single-molecule, agonist to the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. It is approved in the USA and EU for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Due to the potential novelty represented by incorporating tirzepatide to clinical practice, we aim to review practical aspects of tirzepatide use in T2DM and the supporting scientific evidence. A group of ten endocrinologists involved as investigators in the phase 3 SURPASS clinical trial program followed a nominal group technique, a qualitative research methodology designed as a semi-structured group discussion to reach a consensus on the selection of a set of practical aspects. The scientific evidence for tirzepatide has been reviewed with respect to a number of patients' clinical profiles and care goals. Information of interest related to adverse events, special warnings and precautions, and other considerations for tirzepatide use has been included. Finally, information provided to the patients has been summarized. The practical aspects reported herein may be helpful in guiding physicians in the use of tirzepatide and contribute to optimizing the management of T2DM.

Netographic narratives of user-generated travelogues on tourist destination image of Thailand.

The image of a tourist destination is considered a vital aspect of international travel experiences, yet research in this area remains limited. Adopting a combination of netography and qualitative research methodology, this study aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge of destination image development in Thailand by analysing online travelogues to evaluate how Chinese tourists interpret the idea of destination image. To achieve this goal, 146,641 words of Chinese internet comments containing the keyword "Thailand" from four major media sources and Chinese bloggers were gathered and analysed using netography methodology. The findings showed that there was a rise in public interest, in public forums, in the destination image of Thailand among Chinese outbound tourists. The study's results may provide important fundamental theoretical insights and inspire further investigation into the issue of destination image construction.

Future teachers’ reflections on mathematical errors made in their teaching practice

AbstractThis study answers the following research questions: 1) What types of mathematical errors do future teachers identify when they reflect on their practice? and 2) Which levels of development of the didactic suitability assessment competence for the “errors” component can be inferred when they reflect on their practice? To answer these questions, we explain the Didactic Suitability Criteria construct and describe the associated training cycle structure in the theoretical and methodological framework sections. We followed a qualitative research methodology that mainly consists of thematic analysis. The study conducted allows finding inductive categories of types of mathematical errors, such as error in the task instructions, error of proposition, procedural error, error in the representation, error in the definition and error in the argument. It also enables establishing levels of development of the didactic suitability assessment competence of future teachers for the “errors” component. The main conclusion of this research is the importance of the context to decide what a mathematical error is. The need to further examine the notion of mathematical error in the training of future mathematics teachers is also stressed. Another conclusion is the development of a rubric that allows for more accurate and deeper reflections of future teachers on the errors made.

Leaders’ views on leadership and skills development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Orientation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is increasingly becoming a reality in organisations worldwide.Research purpose: The aim of this article was to explore the views of international leaders on leadership and skills development in employees to equip them for the 4IR.Motivation for the study: Leaders have to adjust their perspectives and leadership while the entire workforce is required to focus on their skills development on technological, individual and interpersonal levels.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative research methodology is applied, using a phenomenological paradigm. Eight top leaders from Australia, India, Germany, South Africa, North America, the United Arab Emirates, and Singapore in various global and organisational fields were interviewed on leadership and skills development in the 4IR.Main findings: Leaders focus on understanding and applying new technological trends, adopting a 4IR mindset, and developing skills through training and integrating systems. Additionally, they believe that skills development needs to include hard and soft skills, continuous training, and anticipating future trends. Skills need to have individual, interpersonal, organisational, societal and spiritual aspects to address the 4IR complexities adequately.Practical/managerial implications: Leaders need to understand the complexes of the 4IR and need to train and support employees to develop themselves and their skills adequately.Contribution/value-add: This article adds to the research on skill development, training and understanding future work trends to prepare leaders, industry and employees for future work trends and requirements for education for future work places.

Causal inference in ethnographic research: Refining explanations with abductive logic, strength of evidence assessments, and graphical models.

In their classic accounts, anthropological ethnographers developed causal arguments for how specific sociocultural structures and processes shaped human thought, behavior, and experience in particular settings. Despite this history, many contemporary ethnographers avoid establishing in their work direct causal relationships between key variables in the way that, for example, quantitative research relying on experimental or longitudinal data might. As a result, ethnographers in anthropology and other fields have not advanced understandings of how to derive causal explanations from their data, which contrasts with a vibrant "causal revolution" unfolding in the broader social and behavioral sciences. Given this gap in understanding, we aim in the current article to clarify the potential ethnography has for illuminating causal processes related to the cultural influence on human knowledge and practice. We do so by drawing on our ongoing mixed methods ethnographic study of games, play, and avatar identities. In our ethnographic illustrations, we clarify points often left unsaid in both classic anthropological ethnographies and in more contemporary interdisciplinary theorizing on qualitative research methodologies. More specifically, we argue that for ethnographic studies to illuminate causal processes, it is helpful, first, to state the implicit strengths and logic of ethnography and, second, to connect ethnographic practice more fully to now well-developed interdisciplinary approaches to causal inference. In relation to the first point, we highlight the abductive inferential logic of ethnography. Regarding the second point, we connect the ethnographic logic of abduction to what Judea Pearl has called the ladder of causality, where moving from association to intervention to what he calls counterfactual reasoning produces stronger evidence for causal processes. Further, we show how graphical modeling approaches to causal explanation can help ethnographers clarify their thinking. Overall, we offer an alternative vision of ethnography, which contrasts, but nevertheless remains consistent with, currently more dominant interpretive approaches.

Retorika Dakwah Ustad Syukri Albani di Media Sosial Tiktok

First of all, technology is developing a number of advanced, convenient features at an ever-increasing pace. In this era of digitalization, many human tasks can be completed in a short time. Like Islamic preaching, Islam as Rahmatan Lil Alamin's religion must of course be adaptive and inclusive in facing the forces of globalization. The Tiktok application is one of several new media being produced, taken for granted by Indonesian society, and has both beneficial and detrimental impacts. The millennial generation, which is prone to anxiety about the uniformity of modernization, is starting to feel the negative impact of Tiktok, a new media platform that provides entertainment, education and information. Ustad Syukri Albani, one of the preachers, added further meaning to this application. This research examines how preacher Ustad Syukri Albani formulates his preaching strategy on social media Tiktok and how he uses da'wah rhetoric as the main means of conveying his preaching there. This is achieved by combining content analysis studies with qualitative research methodology. Research shows that Ustad Syukri Albani's preaching rhetoric which can be seen on social media is one of the main variables that determines how individuals behave in accordance with Islamic principles.

Digital Transformation in Science Education: Teachers' Self-Efficacy of Distance Learning and Blended Learning Experiences

Blended learning emerges as an indispensable tool for pioneering science education practices in the 21st century. Studies underscore the efficacy of blended learning applications in science education, particularly in enhancing learners' computer proficiency, fostering positive attitudes and motivation towards science courses, and surmounting learning hurdles. This study aims to assess the levels of self-efficacy among science teachers for blended education within the context of the digital transformation process. It also seeks to investigate the predictive capacity of various factors and analyze teachers' experiences with blended learning. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Quantitatively, the study utilizes the "Self‐Efficacy Perception of Distance Education Scale" to gauge science teachers' self-efficacy perceptions about distance education. The quantitative segment encompasses a sample of 175 science teachers. On the other hand, for the qualitative aspect, 26 teachers' experiences were examined through an “Open-Ended Question Form” to gain nuanced insights. The results of the quantitative analysis demonstrated that science educators displayed a heightened level of perceived self-efficacy in the domain of distance education. The influencing factors identified included gender, seniority, school type, class size, and usage of laboratory facilities. The qualitative findings indicated that science teachers' engagement with blended learning was characterized by both positive and negative sentiments. These experiences were further categorized into subgroups of positive and negative encounters.

Exploring measurement estimation strategies through concept cartoons designed with Realistic Mathematics Education

Concept cartoons, in relationship with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), not only serve as a dynamic platform for problem-solving but also intricately weave mathematical concepts into the fabric of real-world scenarios, creating a harmonious fusion of theory and practical application. By using relatable characters and presenting ideas through engaging narratives, students are encouraged to tackle problems within the given context. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement estimation strategies used by students when exposed to concept cartoons specifically designed for RME. A qualitative research methodology was followed, involving 46 fourth-grade students from a primary school. The data collection instrument utilized was “RME-Supported Concept Cartoons.” Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. The concept cartoon activities incorporated measurement estimation strategies such as prior knowledge, unit iteration/separation, segmentation/chunking, and comparison, which students could potentially prefer. However, it was observed that students predominantly utilized division into unit iteration/separation and segmentation/chunking strategies over other estimation strategies. Furthermore, the frequency of strategy use did not exhibit significant variations based on gender. When examining the strategies developed by the students, it is noteworthy that the presence of “another solution-oriented option” and “irrelevant answers” was prominent.

Xenophobia: a hindrance factor to South Africa’s ambition of becoming a developmental state

The prevalence of xenophobic violence toward foreigners has hindered South Africa’s ambition to become a developmental state since 2007, when the concept of a “democratic developmental state” was first endorsed during the African National Congress (ANC) conference in Polokwane. This ambition has also been thwarted by the inability of the post-apartheid regime to provide adequate and sustainable services to the citizens. Xenophobia has disrupted economic growth and has contributed to poor service delivery in local municipalities, thus leading to social protests. The developmental state depends mainly on a solid balance of economic growth and human development. It also leans on the capacity of the state to establish policies that address poverty and promote the expansion of solid economic opportunities. In this endeavor, migrants increase economic growth and make it sustainable, increase productivity, and promote the labor market. They also promote the labor force and human capital, economic growth, and public finance, thus enabling the realization of a developmental state. However, xenophobia has limited migrants’ contributions to economic growth and social well-being in South Africa. It has destructive effects on South Africa’s economic structure and growth, thus affecting the delivery of adequate services that would enhance its ability to achieve a developmental state. The paper recommends that there is a need for South Africa to understand that xenophobia affects economic growth and the service delivery framework. To address the prevalence of xenophobia and achieve its ambition of a developmental state, South Africa needs to hasten its responses to curb xenophobia and integrate migrants into economic opportunities. The paper adopted a qualitative research methodology and conceptual and document analysis techniques to collect data that enabled the achievement of the above assertions.

Queens of the Digital Realm: Unveiling of Female Social Media through Personal Branding Analysis

Personal branding is a crucial aspect of communication, particularly in social media. Someone who can influence others, usually referred to as an influencer, must have positive personal branding from the public perspective. An influencer can come from various industries besides entertainment, including politics and lifestyle. The research was conducted to examine personal branding as displayed by Maria Rahajeng and Tsamara Amany through their Instagram personal account, @tsamaradki, and @mariarahajeng, and to describe the alignment of their personal branding with the eight main concepts of Montoya's concepts. This study employed a postpositivist qualitative research methodology that focused on the personal branding phenomenon formed by the two influencers. This study uses eight main concepts of personal branding Montoya in analyzing content posted by the two influencers. Data was gathered from the influencer’s accounts through feeds, Instagram stories, reels, and comment features. Research results show that the personal branding displayed by Maria Rahajeng and Tsamara Amany differs according to the context of their work, where the two influencers show their respective advantages. Both influencers possess contrasting abilities in various aspects of Montoya’s eight main concepts in personal branding, setting them apart from one another.

Non-physician anaesthesia providers’ perspectives on task sharing practices in Zambia and Somaliland: a qualitative study

IntroductionThe 68th World Health Assembly, in 2015, called for surgical and anaesthesia services strengthening. Acknowledging the healthcare staff shortages, they referred to task sharing, among others, as a more effective...

Hamas-Israel War: A Brief Analysis of First Two Phases of War

At the end of 2023, the Middle East experienced some new challenges. Among these new challenges, one of the most important of them all is the Hamas-Israel war. After almost four months of war and no end in sight, there are now growing questions about whether Israel will be able to accomplish its stated goals in Gaza. The brutality of the Hamas’s attack on October 7, the extent of the cruel massacre, shocked both the Israeli society and foreign public opinion. To better understand the factors of Hamas's operational success, the strategic surprise attack on Israel from Gaza, on October 7, 2023, needs a thorough analysis to understand all its political, intelligence, and operational failures aspects. It goes without saying that many elements of Hamas's brutal but largely successful attack are still unknown. Taking this into account, this paper focuses on only three elements of the ongoing war. Firstly, based on the qualitative methodology of research, this study evaluates and highlights the political background of the bloodiest attack in modern Israel's history which happened on October 7, 2023. Secondly, using the research methodology of data collection and analysis, this paper seeks to answer the still open-ended question, how was Hamas able to attack a country which operates one of the best intelligence organizations in the world by an extreme surprise? Finally, by using the narrative and historical models of qualitative research and the available data, this paper focuses on assessing the first and second phases of the war. Furthermore, the study formulates conclusions regarding the expected directions of change in the Israeli security system and some aspects of regional security implications of the ongoing Hamas-Israeli conflict. The potential result of the current paper is to present the reasons for the ongoing Gaza conflict based on the historical background. In addition, it provides a primary analysis, based on currently available information, of the first two phases of the obviously protracted Hamas-Israel conflict for the benefit of the community of researchers, scholars, and academics.

RegTech innovations streamlining compliance, reducing costs in the financial sector

Regulatory Technology (RegTech) innovations are reshaping the landscape of compliance within the financial sector, presenting opportunities for institutions to enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs. This paper examines the impact of RegTech solutions by focusing on their capacity to streamline compliance processes and mitigate expenses associated with regulatory adherence. Through a qualitative research methodology that includes case studies and expert interviews, the study explores the various dimensions of RegTech applications, ranging from identity verification and risk management to fraud prevention and regulatory reporting. Key findings indicate that RegTech tools leverage advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain to automate complex compliance tasks, thereby reducing the need for manual intervention and minimizing human error. These technologies facilitate real-time monitoring and analysis of transactions, which enhances compliance accuracy and operational efficiency. Furthermore, the paper reveals that the adoption of RegTech solutions significantly lowers compliance costs by optimizing resource allocation and reducing the time and labor traditionally required for compliance-related activities. The study concludes that RegTech innovations hold the potential to transform the financial sector's approach to compliance management. By embracing these technologies, financial institutions can not only ensure regulatory compliance more effectively but also achieve considerable cost savings. The paper calls for further research into the long-term impacts of RegTech adoption on the financial industry's regulatory landscape and suggests that regulatory bodies and financial institutions collaborate to foster an environment conducive to RegTech innovation and implementation.

Golden Arches of Success: Enhancing Customer Relationship Management at McDonald's, Wide Angle, Ahmedabad

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is crucial in the retail business, especially in the highly competitive fast-food sector. This research examines the customer relationship management (CRM) strategies used by McDonald's, Wide Angle in Ahmedabad. The objective is to get insights into their methods of managing customer relationships and improving corporate performance. The goals include evaluating current CRM strategies, identifying strengths and areas for improvement, and offering practical suggestions to increase CRM performance. The study used a qualitative research methodology, including semi-structured interviews with branch managers to get in-depth understanding of McDonald's customer relationship management (CRM) activities. The key results include McDonald's tactics for managing data, techniques for segmenting customers, avenues for contact, and programmes for fostering loyalty. The investigation demonstrates a significant focus on customisation, the use of technology, and the incorporation of client feedback methods. The strengths that have been highlighted include the implementation of comprehensive communication strategies and the successful implementation of loyalty programmes. On the other hand, the problems that need to be addressed are the integration of feedback into practical and effective initiatives.