Qualitative Research In Terms Research Articles

Data-Driven Identification of Unusual Prescribing Behavior: Analysis and Use of an Interactive Data Tool Using 6 Months of Primary Care Data From 6500 Practices in England

Approaches to addressing unwarranted variation in health care service delivery have traditionally relied on the prospective identification of activities and outcomes, based on a hypothesis, with subsequent reporting against defined measures. Practice-level prescribing data in England are made publicly available by the National Health Service (NHS) Business Services Authority for all general practices. There is an opportunity to adopt a more data-driven approach to capture variability and identify outliers by applying hypothesis-free, data-driven algorithms to national data sets. This study aimed to develop and apply a hypothesis-free algorithm to identify unusual prescribing behavior in primary care data at multiple administrative levels in the NHS in England and to visualize these results using organization-specific interactive dashboards, thereby demonstrating proof of concept for prioritization approaches. Here we report a new data-driven approach to quantify how "unusual" the prescribing rates of a particular chemical within an organization are as compared to peer organizations, over a period of 6 months (June-December 2021). This is followed by a ranking to identify which chemicals are the most notable outliers in each organization. These outlying chemicals are calculated for all practices, primary care networks, clinical commissioning groups, and sustainability and transformation partnerships in England. Our results are presented via organization-specific interactive dashboards, the iterative development of which has been informed by user feedback. We developed interactive dashboards for every practice (n=6476) in England, highlighting the unusual prescribing of 2369 chemicals (dashboards are also provided for 42 sustainability and transformation partnerships, 106 clinical commissioning groups, and 1257 primary care networks). User feedback and internal review of case studies demonstrate that our methodology identifies prescribing behavior that sometimes warrants further investigation or is a known issue. Data-driven approaches have the potential to overcome existing biases with regard to the planning and execution of audits, interventions, and policy making within NHS organizations, potentially revealing new targets for improved health care service delivery. We present our dashboards as a proof of concept for generating candidate lists to aid expert users in their interpretation of prescribing data and prioritize further investigations and qualitative research in terms of potential targets for improved performance.

Pandemi Günlerinde Örgüt Kültürünün Değişen Yüzü Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Organizational culture tries to understand human behavior by analyzing thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors. The main purpose of research on organizational culture is to understand organizational functioning and organizational behavior better. The main purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of faculty members working at a state university regarding the changes in organizational culture during the pandemic process. It is qualitative research in terms of research method, and the case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the research. The research was carried out with a study group of 16 academics and administrative staff working in different units of universities. Observation and semi-structured interview techniques were used as data collection tools in the research. The collected data were analyzed with the transfer of observations and qualitative content analysis. According to the analysis findings, the participants' opinions on the change in organizational ethnography during the pandemic process indicate a significant change in this process's organizational attitudes and behaviors. Analysis findings reveal that a traumatic change such as a pandemic causes various uncertainties and resistances in the organizational field. It is understood that organizational support is essential for constructing a flexible organizational culture suitable for the conditions of this process to eliminate job dissatisfaction and loss of motivation caused by the pandemic.

Semiotics Analysis on Students’ English Textbook in Elementary School

One of the most important components in teaching-learning activities is textbooks. The author of the textbook must tailor it to the cognitive development of children at a given age. Semiotics is one of the factors that can be examined in a textbook since the illustration of semiotics is a particular feature that substantially influences children's visual perception. The purpose of this research is to examine Semiotics in Elementary School English textbooks. This study applied qualitative research in terms of library research to collect the data from the students' English textbooks in the second-grade Elementary school. Semiotic analysis based on Pierce's semiotic theory, namely representamen (signifier), object (referent), and interpretant, was used to analyze the data (signified). Because the activities contain symbols, pictures, and signs that are extremely engaging for the second-grade students of Elementary school at SDIT Al-Hijrah 2, this study concluded that this book is very suited for learning for the second-grade students of Elementary school at SDIT Al-Hijrah 2. The researchers looked at the most important images relevant to the theme of the activities. In addition, the exercise imagery and meaning are linked to one another.

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION

The aim of this study is to find out the process of using metacognitive strategies applied by introvert student in reading comprehension. This study used qualitative research in terms of descriptive study. In collecting the data, there were two instruments applied; interview, especially semi-interview because it was to find out the problem naturally and not only focus on taking notes during the research and the second instrument was observation. The setting of this study was conducted in outdoor room and the participant was an introvert student of fifteen years old in non-formal education. The study results were the introvert student used metacognitive strategies with three stages in the process of reading, they were planning before reading, monitoring during reading and evaluating after reading, it was removing shortcomings in reading especially in pronunciation and vocabulary, the introvert student thought what she was thinking to maximize her own productivity in reading, she asked herself what she already knew to focus her thinking of reading, and she evaluated what she has carried out in the process of reading, the introvert student fostered forethought and self-reflection in the process of reading so that she became aware of how she learned and evaluated and adapted skills to increase reading comprehension.

Qualitative Analysis of Effective Psychological Factors on Stress and Fear of Covid-19 Virus During Corona Outbreak Using Grounded Theory Method (GTM)

The purpose of this study was to qualitative analysis of effective psychological factors on stress and fear of covid-19 virus during corona outbreak using grounded theory method (GTM). The emergence of a new form of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China created a confusing situation that was rapidly evolving and spread dramatically to other provinces and regions of China and then to the rest of the world. The aim of this study was to qualitatively analyze the psychological factors affecting stress and fear of Covid-19 virus during corona outbreak using grounded theory (GTM) method among students of Islamic Azad University, Electronic Branch. This research has been a qualitative research in terms of basic purpose, in terms of descriptive-survey method and in terms of data type. The study population was the students of Islamic Azad University, electronic unit and the selected sample was 30 students studying in the second semester of 2019-20 of this university unit who were selected by available sampling method. The tool used in the research was a semi-structured interview that was conducted online. Findings showed that 6 psychological factors affecting stress and fear of Covid-19 virus were identified as worry about virus infection, socio-economic consequences, fear of strangers, traumatic stress symptoms, emergency response and fear.According to the identified factors, it is predicted that when we go through this epidemic, significant mental health needs will appear in people who need measurements to provide a useful solution to improve the mental health of people.

Incumbents achieving coopetition with disruptively technological entrants: a case from Chinese animation industry

ABSTRACT A disruptive technology threat replaces incumbents. While a prior disadvantage of incumbent competing against disruptive technological entrants lacks an effective incumbent’s competitive response. This research studied the case of a Chinese top animation firm, Comicfans Co., Ltd. This study aims to process a triangular qualitative research in the form of integrated qualitative research in terms of more comprehensive triangular formats. Furthermore, this study expands coopetition theory into entrant vs. incumbent under disruptive technology context and reveals how an incumbent-built competitive forbearance and formed coopetition with disruptive technological entrants by intra-industry integration (upstream and downstream) and cooperation (exploration and exploitation). When the disruptive entrants are in upstream substitution and show extension downstream, incumbent companies can adopt a strategy of diversified integration of downstream channels and cooperation with upstream entrants to increase the multi-point advantage and resource symbiosis in the downstream sectors against the entrants to obtain competitive priorities. When disruptive entrants are in downstream substitution and show an extension to upstream, incumbent companies can adopt a strategy of diversified integration of upstream product/business and exploitation cooperation with downstream entrants to improve the multi-point advantages and resource complementarity in the upstream sector against the entrants so as to obtain competitive priorities.

ON PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISION IN SOCIAL WORK IN ROMANIA. GENERAL ASPECTS AND CHALLENGES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This paper presents the results of qualitative research in terms of supervision in social work organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected by applying an interview guide, to which 22 social workers responded. The results of the research refer to how the measures taken during the pandemic affected social workers. It is also presented to what extent the supervision done within the organizations responded to the needs of social workers in this period of crisis. This research confirms the fact that supervision is an indispensable activity in social work organizations, especially in Romania, where, as a professional activity, it is still in the beginning.

A Comparative Study of Teacher's Empowerment Systems Based on in-Service Trainings

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare teacher’s empowerment systems based on in-service trainings.Methodology The present study was practical in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of data collection using a four-stage approach introduced by George. Z. Brady and John Stuart Mill’s method of agreement .The statistical population included countries (Canada, South Korea, Japan, Finland, and Australia, due to the absence of African countries in the ranking, Malaysia due to its close cultural and political context) according to the ranking in Legatum Success Index (2019) and the characteristics of pre-service and in-service teacher training (Arthur Donald chaker and Richard Hines, 1997) that was selected based on purposive sampling .The information needed to answer the questions of this research has been collected through library documents, research reports, encyclopedias and university statutes, and site searches.Findings Research findings show that teacher’s professional development should be considered as a process system and their professional development should be systematically designed, supported, budgeted and reviewed. This system should promote and make teachers effective.Conclusion Each country’s principals and officials considering regional requirements along with upstream documents implement different measures and programs to improve the quality of teacher’s empowerment programs

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ НА ВЫПОЛНЯЕМУЮ РАБОТУ: НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОТРУДНИКОВ ЦЕНТРА ВЫЗОВА Г. ЭРЗУРУМ

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, müşterilere daha iyi bir hizmet vermek için kurulan çağrı merkezlerinde çalışanların gösterdikleri duygusal emek davranışları ile performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Duygusal emeğin farklı değişkenlerle ilişkisi incelenmiş iken işgören performansı değişkeni ile ilişkisi fazla incelenmemiştir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın literatüre katkı yapması amaçlanmıştır. Öncelikli olarak; duygusal emek davranışları ile işgören performansı teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, 182 Merkezi Hekim Randevu Sistemi (MHRS) Erzurum ili Çağrı Merkezi’nde çalışan 318 kişiye anket yapılmış ve yapılan bu çalışma sonunda duygusal emeğin alt boyutlarından samimi davranış gösterme diğer boyutlara göre işgören performansını en fazla etkilemiştir.

An Examination on Manegers Opinions on the Importance of Cultural Intelligence

Purpose – Especially, adaptation to multicultural work environments is of great importance for organizational performance as well as for individual performance. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the managers of a multinational businesses operating in Kosovo regarding the importance of the cultural intelligence of the employees. Design/methodology/approach – The study is a qualitative research in terms of its methodology and it was designed according to the descriptive phenomenological design. Findings – The data of the study were collected from a group of 8 participants with a semi-structured interview form and the study group was determined according to the “purposive sampling” techniques and the “criteria sampling” technique by taking into consideration the general fiction and problem of the study. Content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data of the study. Discussion – The findings of the study showed that for the managers, cultural intelligence levels of employees was a critical success factors in adapting to colleagues, managers, organizational and managerial processes.

THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES (1453-1869 / 1870-1914) ON THE OTTOMAN STATE SPORTS INSTITUTION

The purpose of our work is to determine the effects of the first and second period globalization processes on the sports institutions of the Ottoman State. This aim is to be able to explain the tendency of the globalization which emerged as a continuation of each other in accordance with the spirit of the era of the Turkish sport institutions. Globalization is a very influential phenomenon on the changes of states, social and economic institutions. Globalization; can be regarded as a concept that deals with a wide variety of disciplines and markets, and establishes relationships that influence and interfere with these disciplines and markets. From this perspective, it is also a fact that the effects of countries on sports institutions are inevitable. In the study, a qualitative method called descriptive field scanning, documentary or documentary study was followed. In this way, our research has been structured by the historical research method and the historical survey method with qualitative research in terms of content. Historical research methodology has been supported by archival scanning method based on reviewing, translating, reading and evaluating books, documents, files, official and private correspondence documents, foreign language information and documents The sports schools of the Ottoman state's sports institutions were weakened by the loss of their importance by being negatively affected as the economic aims of the establishment causes with the change of trade routes in the first globalization process. In the second globalization process; despite the fact that the Ottoman state was in its recent times, it tried to adapt to the socio-economic changes brought about by Globalization. At the end of this effort, importance has been given to sports and sports institutions in education, social life. He transferred both the sports institutions and the sports workforce to the state of the Republic of Turkey, which is the continuation of the Ottoman state. Article visualizations:

Strategic Planning of Rural Tourism Development Using SOAR Model: A Case Study of Kandovan Village

Purpose: This research aims to perform strategic planning of tourism development in Kandovan village using SOAR model. This model is a combination of SWOT strategy and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) introduced by Jacqueline M. Stavros. AI, instead of focusing on problems such as weaknesses and threats, identifies strengths and creates promising opportunities. Methods: In this study, library and semi-structured interview methods have been used. The present study is a qualitative research in terms of nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes villagers of Kandovan, government officials, and NGO’s related to Kandovan village, in Osku County, near Tabriz metropolis, and tourists visiting the Kandovan village in the summer of 2016. In this research, the qualitative content analysis technique was used in the framework of inductive approach in accordance with the SOAR strategic planning model. Then, four SOAR strategic model indicators, i.e. strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results were extracted. Results: The results of the research indicate that for implementation of UNESCO’s architectural standards to world village registration, it is necessary to construct a new Kandovan next to the old village. In addition, holding festivals, exhibitions and weekly markets for the development of regional tourism is recommended. Establishment of tourism amenities such as construction of parking lots, recreational complex, designing websites and construction of a hotel are some other recommendations. Holding training courses related to tourism in the village, is a major step towards development of tourism considering the potential among the youth of the village. Conclusion: Villagers require to learn a series of educational courses. The youth of the village continue to do their business in the village and commute between the village and the city they live during the tourist season. Considering the young generation’s loyalty to their hometown and their desire to work in their village, many of them are ready to participate in the development of tourism of village and, as a result, holding educational courses from the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of the region such as foreign language courses, tourism guides, hospitality culture, marketing and advertising are welcomed by young people.

Developing a Collaborative Qualitative Research Project Across Borders: Issues and Dilemmas

International collaborative research often refers to collaboration among the researchers and the participants. Few studies investigate the collaborative process among the researchers themselves. Assumptions about the qualitative research process, institutional requirements, and even epistemological orientations, are pervasive. Our experience conducting an empirical research study as a collaborative effort amongst a research team in Mexico and the United States challenged and transformed our assumptions about collaborative qualitative research in terms of organizational compatibility: (a) understanding research perspective and themes, (b) interpreting rules and regulations (c) physical travel between countries, and (d) how research products are counted. We address each assumption through a dialogue, including how our collaborative research diverged from the assumption and how this divergence has impacted our own practice.

Visual research in LIS: Complementary and alternative methods

Although visual methods are emerging as a valuable and versatile tool in qualitative social studies research, confusion around terminology, options, and best practices persists. Consequently, LIS scholars who wish to employ innovative visual approaches in their research face barriers to discovering and deciding which visual options best suit their goals. Based on a review of the literature, this article identifies and describes the scope of participatory and non-participatory visual methods currently in use in the social sciences, with particular attention paid to LIS contexts. While visual methods bring clear benefits to qualitative research in terms of data quality, modes of expression, and alternate perspectives, challenges remain, including logistic issues of implementing visual study designs and ethical considerations.

Interactive Tutoring in Blended Studies: Hindrances and Solutions

This paper distinguishes between traditional teaching known as lecturing (the teacher centered approach); and tutoring (the contemporary technology-oriented interactive teaching/learning approach). It is based on the implementation of tutoring strategies of ‘blended studies’ at the Arab Open University. It investigates the application of modern interactive teaching/learning strategies, specifying some hindering factors in the AOU-Jordan Branch context. The factors include four variables: tutors, students, course material and assessment. The paper is based on qualitative research in terms of a real teaching/leaning context, using both observation and conversation with learners, besides the use of some quantitative data retrieved from a questionnaire in which learners’ views are sought regarding a number of relevant matters. A number of suggested solutions related to each of the hindering factors are presented, which if applied, may secure shifting the balance of the teaching/learning process to a more interactive technology-based tutoring level, which in turn will enhance learners’ opportunities for the attainment of better academic standards, and secure a higher degree of achievement of the shared educational goals of learners and the educational institution they study in.

Compatibility between Text Mining and Qualitative Research in the Perspectives of Grounded Theory, Content Analysis, and Reliability

The objective of this article is to illustrate that text mining and qualitative research are epistemologically compatible. First, like many qualitative research approaches, such as grounded theory, text mining encourages open-mindedness and discourages preconceptions. Contrary to the popular belief that text mining is a linear and fully automated procedure, the text miner might add, delete, and revise the initial categories in an iterative fashion. Second, text mining is similar to content analysis, which also aims to extract common themes and threads by counting words. Although both of them utilize computer algorithms, text mining is characterized by its capability of processing natural languages. Last, the criteria of sound text mining adhere to those in qualitative research in terms of consistency and replicability.

Pluralism as Multi-Method Scholarship in Qualitative Social Science Research: A Panacea for Methodological Tribalism

Over the years the research endeavours in social sciences have been directed towards producing profound discoveries about humankind and the society they live in. Now-a-days qualitative research has been flourishing in many fields of the social sciences. Rapid social change and the resulting diversification of life scenarios are increasingly confronting social researchers with new social contexts and perspectives. There is a specific relevance for qualitative research to the study of social contexts and life situations. This has lead to the development of several social theories and social research methods which have still continued to develop in order to understand the diverse social problems. The challenge for social scientists and researchers worldwide is to continue in the search for a unified consensus on what methodology is to be adopted for research for meeting the emerging diverse needs of humankind and the society. This thought has led to the proliferation of pluralism or multi-method research in which the researcher synthesizes multiple research methodologies in order to study social problems in a holistic way. This concept of pluralism in research has to a greater extend subverted methodological tribalism which had existed till the recent past. This paper focuses on the philosophical assumptions as guidelines to research paradigms have influenced the development of social research theory and social research methods towards pluralism. This paper intends to explore pluralism in qualitative Social Science researches as it may be applied methodologically and philosophically. In this context, the paper heeds a thought on refocusing pluralistic qualitative research in terms of its needs and demands based on the level and depth of the study undertaken. Key Terms: Qualitative research, methodological pluralism, research paradigms, philosophical assumptions

Pesquisa qualitativa versus pesquisa quantitativa: esta é a questão?

Diante da falta de diálogo entre pesquisadores qualitativos e quantitativos, este artigo adota uma posição "ecumênica". Argumenta que ambas as abordagens têm suas vantagens, desvantagens, pontos positivos e pontos negativos, considerando que o método escolhido deve se adequar à pergunta de uma determinada pesquisa. O trabalho apresenta algumas diferenciações entre a pesquisa qualitativa e a pesquisa quantitativa. Em seguida, aponta a complexidade da pesquisa qualitativa em termos de pressupostos, coleta, transcrição e análise de dados. Discutimos, também, critérios de qualidade para a pesquisa qualitativa. Concluimos com considerações sobre as conseqüências para a pesquisa, ao se optar pela pesquisa qualitativa e/ou pela pesquisa quantitativa.

Qualitative Research - State of the Art

The background of this article is the observation that the methodological discussions about qualitative research in German-speaking and Anglo-Saxon contexts are quite different. The article gives an overview of the state of the art of qualitative research in terms of its methodological development and its establishment in the broader field of social research. After some brief remarks about the history of the field, the major research perspectives and schools of qualitative research - grounded theory, ethnomethodology, narrative analysis, objective hermeneutics, life-world analysis, ethnography, cultural and gender studies - are outlined against the background of recent developments. The establishment of qualitative research is discussed with reference to the examples of the German and International Sociological Associations (DGS and ISA), to developments in the area of textbooks and handbooks, and to the founding of specialized journals. Methodological trends such as the move to visual and electronic data, triangulation of methods and the hybridization of qualitative procedures are discussed. In conclusion some perspectives are outlined which are expected to become more important in the future of qualitative research or which are seen as demands for further clarification. Beside the use of computers and further clarification on linking qualitative and quantitative research, and the limits and problems of such linkage, further suggestions concerning the ways of presenting appropriate and at the same time compulsory criteria for qualitative research are mentioned. Trends in building schools and developing research pragmatics, on the one hand, and a tendency towards elucidation and mystification of methodological procedures, on the other hand, are identified as tensional fields in methodological discussions in qualitative research. Finally a stronger internationalization in different directions and answering the question of indication are discussed as needs for the future of qualitative research.

Understanding and Evaluating Qualitative Research

During the past 6 years (1989-1994), the Journal of Marriage and the Family has published 527 articles. Only 10 or 1.9% were qualitative, either entirely (4) or partly (1), or in a combination of qualitative and quantitative data (5). Four other articles were based on qualitative data, but the results were entirely quantified. These four articles would raise the total of qualitative papers to 15 or 2.8%. These statistics are rather startling, especially when considering that there is a large theoretical literature pertaining to qualitative research, numerous articles and texts on its methods, a rapidly growing body of empirical research with the family field as one of its major beneficiaries (Gilgun, Daly, & Handel, 1992; Rosenblatt & Fischer, 1993), and a well-organized network on qualitative family research, with a newsletter of the same name. JMF, however, is not unique in terms of rarely publishing qualitative articles (see LaRossa & Wolf, 1985; Nye, 1988, on family research). Editorial boards of high-profile journals in family studies, psychology, and sociology are composed of well-published scholars, only a minority of whom are experienced qualitative researchers. The result is that a majority of the qualitative articles submitted have to be evaluated by scholars who have little expertise in qualitative research, or by qualitative researchers who have no expertise in the substantive area of a submitted article or who subscribe to a different epistemology. In contrast, quantitative papers can generally be matched with reviewers who not only understand the methods, but are also knowledgeable in the substantive area covered. It thus becomes important to discuss some of the problems inherent in evaluating qualitative research. Consequently, the focus of this article is practical and not theoretical. We address naturalistic qualitative research in terms of methods. In addition, because qualitative research has become extremely varied, we have limited the purview of this article to epistemologies that involve the observation, interview, or written participation of family members, rather than the analysis or deconstruction of texts, for instance. The statistics presented earlier clearly indicate that JMF is a quantitative journal, with a readership primarily composed of quantitative researchers. We have, therefore, written this article for scholars who are quantitatively oriented: Our vocabulary and material covered reflect this focus. Because several qualitative approaches are included within the vast umbrella of naturalistic fieldwork, we also hope to reach qualitative researchers who are very specialized within one particular epistemology or qualitative approach. In order to retain a certain practical focus, we could not discuss postmodernist approaches. Moreover, because most of us are sociologically trained, the bulk of the literature reviewed falls within this discipline. We use a quantitative/qualitative dichotomy only for heuristic purposes. At a historical juncture where traditional, theoretical, and empirical alignments should at least cohabit and new configurations are appearing (Alexander & Colomy, 1990, p. 56), one can only hope for an improved understanding between advocates of both sets of approaches and a decrease in the either/or dichotomous thinking that devalues the efforts of any one approach to knowledge generation. This hope also extends to adherents of the several distinct qualitative epistemologies. In a first section, we present general information on qualitative research in terms of its goals and procedures. This is followed by a discussion of linkages between epistemologies and methods in qualitative research; our own diverse orientations are outlined at the end of this discussion. In a third section, we broach more specific aspects of the evaluation process. Then we examine frequently encountered problems in the evaluation process, focusing on problems unwittingly created both by reviewers and authors. …