Qualitative Data Research Articles

Examining the Effectiveness of Interactive Webtoons for Premature Birth Prevention: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Premature birth poses significant health challenges globally, impacting infants, families, and society. Despite recognition of its contributing factors, efforts to reduce its incidence have seen limited success. A notable gap exists in the awareness among women of childbearing age (WCA) regarding both the risks of premature birth and the preventative measures they can take. Research suggests that enhancing health beliefs and self-management efficacy in WCA could foster preventive health behaviors. Interactive webtoons offer an innovative, cost-effective avenue for delivering engaging, accessible health education aimed at preventing premature birth. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of a novel, self-guided, web-based intervention-Pregnancy Story I Didn't Know in Interactive Webtoon Series (PSIDK-iWebtoons)-designed to enhance self-management efficacy and promote behaviors preventing premature birth in WCA. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, this study first conducts a quantitative analysis followed by a qualitative inquiry to evaluate outcomes and feasibility. Participants are randomly assigned to 2 groups: one accessing the PSIDK-iWebtoons and the other receiving Pregnancy Story I Didn't Know in Text-Based Information (PSIDK-Texts) over 3 weeks. We measure primary efficacy through the self-management self-efficacy scale for premature birth prevention (PBP), alongside secondary outcomes including perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers based on the health belief model for PBP and PBP intention. Additional participant-reported outcomes are assessed at baseline, the postintervention time point, and the 4-week follow-up. The feasibility of the intervention is assessed after the end of the 3-week intervention period. Outcome analysis uses repeated measures ANOVA for quantitative data, while qualitative data are explored through content analysis of interviews with 30 participants. The study received funding in June 2021 and institutional review board approval in October 2023. Both the PSIDK-iWebtoons and PSIDK-Texts interventions have been developed and pilot-tested from July to November 2023, with the main phase of quantitative data collection running from November 2023 to March 2024. Qualitative data collection commenced in February 2024 and will conclude in May 2024. Ongoing analyses include process evaluation and data interpretation. This trial will lay foundational insights into the nexus of interactive web-based interventions and the improvement of knowledge and practices related to PBP among WCA. By demonstrating the efficacy and feasibility of a web-based, interactive educational tool, this study will contribute essential evidence to the discourse on accessible and scientifically robust digital platforms. Positive findings will underscore the importance of such interventions in fostering preventive health behaviors, thereby supporting community-wide efforts to mitigate the risk of premature births through informed self-management practices. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) KCT0008931; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=25857. DERR1-10.2196/58326.

Impact of an Intergenerational Book Club on Cross-Generational Attitudes: A Mixed-Methods Study

ABSTRACT This mixed-methods study explores the impact of an intergenerational book club, Pages Across Ages, on cross-generational attitudes between older adults and college-aged students. Amidst growing concerns over ageism and demographic shifts, the study investigates how structured dialogue around selected literary works can facilitate understanding and empathy across generations. Pages Across Ages comprised weekly in-person and virtual meetings to discuss Kristin Hannah’s The Four Winds, a novel selected for its potential to foster point-driven conversation about relevant issues across the age continuum. Employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative measures, including the Aging Semantic Differential scale, the study reveals significant shifts in attitudes post-participation. Qualitative data from focus groups corroborate these findings, highlighting themes of mutual learning, changing perspectives, and social justice discussions as a result of intergroup contact. This research underscores the potential of book clubs, which have a rich history in America for their ability to act as vehicles for social change, as platforms for fostering intergenerational engagement and addressing age-related prejudices.

Migraine or any headaches and white matter hyperintensities and their progression in women and men

BackgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal studies have been conducted to investigate the association between migraine and any headache and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, studies are inconsistent regarding the strength of the association and its clinical significance. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between headache and its subtypes (migraine with aura (MigA+), migraine without aura (MigA-), non-migraine headache (nonMigHA)) and WMH and its course in the population-based 1000BRAINS study using state-of-the-art imaging techniques and migraine classification according to modified international classification of headache disorders.MethodsData from 1062 participants (45% women, 60.9 ± 13.0 years) with ever or never headache (neverHA) and complete quantitative (WMH volume) and qualitative (Fazekas classification) WMH data at first imaging and after 3.7 ± 0.7 years (393 participants) were analyzed. The sex-specific association between headache and its subtypes and WMH volume and its change was evaluated by linear regression, between headache and its subtypes and Fazekas score high vs. low (2–3 vs. 0–1) by log-binomial regression, adjusted for confounders.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of headache was 77.5% (10.5% MigA+, 26.9% MigA-, 40.1% nonMigHA). The median WMH volume was 4005 (IQR: 2454–6880) mm3 in women and 4812 (2842–8445) mm3 in men. Women with any headaches (all headache types combined) had a 1.23 [1.04; 1.45]-fold higher WMH volume than women who reported never having had a headache. There was no indication of higher Fazekas grading or more WMH progression in women with migraine or any headaches. Men with migraine or any headaches did not have more WMH or WMH progression compared to men without migraine or men who never had headache.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated no increased occurrence or progression of WMH in participants with mgiraine. But, our results provide some evidence of greater WMH volume in women with headache of any type including migraine. The underlying pathomechanisms and the reasons why this was not shown in men are unclear and require further research.

Following western conceptions of masculinity: homohysteria and transgressive bodies in a masculine Turkish environment

ABSTRACT This article uses qualitative interview data derived from 18 Turkish gay males who exist within in a traditionally masculine space in order to examine for a social movement pattern based in relation to the Western context. In examining the entanglement of homophobia with cisgender masculine social hierarchies it suggests similarity between current Turkish culture and historical American culture: that the antecedent of homophobia facilitates an approximate social process of hierarchy-making that privileges heterosexuality and cisgender bodies while stigmatising femininity and queer bodies. Results also show limited signs of resistance, with a differing embodiment of hypertrophic bodies, and cautious optimism with aspirations of liberation through adopted western identity politics.

학습 효과가 높은 수업과 낮은 수업의 학습 과정과 평가의 특성에 관한 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of instructions recognized as having a high learning effect and as having a low learning effect. Methods For this purpose, we conducted written interviews using online platform with 18 prospective instructors who are experiencing the pre-instructor course at the graduate school of education. It was designed to focus on instructions experienced before, not on instructions currently being taken, and through this, the process and effect of learning could be reported more objectively. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic anal-ysis method, and the learning process of instructions with high learning effects and instructions with low learning effects were derived and presented in a diagram. Results As a result of the study, 3 main categories, 9 themes, and 19 subcategories were derived as character-istics of the learning process included in instruction with high learning effect, and the amount of learning load, dif-ficulty, and responsibility perceived by learners were also confirmed along with the learning burden factors. As for the instruction with low learning effect, 3 main categories, 9 themes, and 18 subcategories were derived, and these included ‘no task’ and ‘no burden’. In the instruction with high learning effect, the focus of assignments and evaluations was on the learning process and performance, and improvement and feedback were made through the feedback of the instructor. In the instruction with low learning effect, the focus of assignments and evaluations was on organizing, summarizing, and general evaluation, and it was difficult to confirm improvement and feedback through instructor's feedback. Moreover, the difficulty and amount of learning load in the class were burden factors that appeared in both classes with high and low learning effects. Considering these results, instructors need to consider ways to have explanatory power to effectively deliver class content by analyzing learners' levels rather than reducing the difficulty and amount of learning. Conclusions Based on these findings, recommendations were provided to guide professors in aiming for and de-signing effective instructions.

Practice of breast self-examination and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the North Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022: a convergent mixed-methods study

ObjectiveTo assess practice of breast self-examination (BSE) and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the North Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study with a convergent mixed-methods approach.SettingThe study...

대학 교양수업에서 학습자 중심의 팀기반 학습 경험

Objectives The purposes of this study were to explores the experiences that learners who participate in team-based learning experience during the learning process, examines the learners' experiences in team-based learning in a contextual setting through a qualitative approach, and seeks educational reflection and implications. Methods For this purpose, this study was conducted on 94 college students who participated in liberal arts classes. To achieve the purpose of the study, first, team-based learning was designed by selecting a ‘pedagogy-based lib-eral arts’ subject. Second, after analyzing the content covered in the selected subject, the instructor's lecture on the learning topic was conducted in advance in the first half of each lesson, and students studied individually through lectures on the learning topic. After watching various learning materials related to the learning topic, team-based learning related to the learning content was applied. Third, we analyzed individual and team activity sheets, study notes for each session, and reflection logs written by learners before and after learning. The response sheets used in the analysis were all qualitative data collected through classes, and were analyzed through the inter-action of categorization, coding, structuring, and interpretation during the data analysis process. Results In terms of learning motivation from the results of this study, first, the motivation for taking the course was participation due to obligation, accidental choice, and unclear expectations due to the nature of liberal arts subjects, and second, the topic and content of learning were based on their own real-life usefulness and career-related topics. Third, actively apply the cognitive information acquired through participation in learning to solve life problems. Fourth, setting learning goals shows educationally important information and context for converting extrinsic motivation into intrinsic motivation. In terms of cognition, learners showed the highest cognitive factors in motivation to take the course, personal learning goals, and learner needs. In terms of interaction, in the process of participating in team-based learning, learners placed first, the attitude of participants, including communication, participation, and courtesy among team members, as the most important, and second, they meaningfully experienced positive experi-ences and emotional support. In terms of teaching and learning, positive experiences such as self-expression, dis-cussion and presentation, initiative, and overcoming presentation anxiety were recognized through participation in team learning. On the other hand, negative aspects could act as a hindrance to positive interactions between team members. In particular, to overcome these obstacles in the early stages of learning, multifaceted efforts were need-ed, such as clear motivation, setting learning goals, setting learning content that suits the learner's needs and inter-ests, emotional support from the instructor, effective learning support materials, and evaluation plans. Conclusions Through this study, it can be seen that, due to the nature of the learning process in team-based classes where learners' interaction is the center, more active and interactive communication and voluntary and proactive participation are required than previous learning experiences.To achieve this, active and flexible re-sponses will be needed to improve the anxiety and dissatisfaction that learners may feel. Through this, the charac-teristics and diversity of individual learners can be mutually recognized and accepted at the beginning of learning, the strengths of team-based learning of emotional support and consideration through interaction between team members can be effectively demonstrated, and learners' expectations and demands for participation in learning can be improved.

Sustaining spontaneous volunteer groups following their response to a disaster

PurposeThis research explores the drivers that determine the ability of spontaneous volunteer groups (SVGs) to sustain their operations. That sustainability aims to support those affected in the community beyond the response phases of a disaster and into the recovery and mitigation phases to build resilience to the next disaster.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the sustainability of spontaneous volunteering that takes place in the aftermath of a disaster, we conducted qualitative interviews in three English locations where groups of spontaneous volunteers emerged following major floods. We analysed our qualitative data using thematic analysis.FindingsOur findings theorise the drivers of SVG sustainability and present these in four themes: (1) assessment of ongoing needs; (2) organisation of resources to address that need; (3) leadership and followership creating a weight of operational capability and (4) influence of political will. Through exploring these drivers, we uncover key factors to developing a sustainable SVG system including trusted leadership and social capital.Research limitations/implicationsWe show how the four drivers interact to support the continuity of SVGs and sustain their operations. This has implications for how leaders of SVGs create a volunteering environment that encourages ongoing involvement and has implications for officials to view SVGs as a support rather than a risk.Originality/valueThe novelty of our paper is in rejecting the argument of the temporal limit of SVGs to the response phase by theorising the drivers that make their operations sustainable for recovery and resilience building to mitigate the next disaster. This includes our examination of the interplay between those drivers.

The development of an organizational excellence architecture model to support the implementation of business excellence

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address a critical gap in the existing literature on business excellence implementation. While various studies have examined different aspects of business excellence, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the optimal organizational excellence architecture (OEA) for an award-winning business excellence journey. The absence of a unified framework has led to inconsistent practices across organizations. The aim of this research based on data collected from 50 organizations across 17 countries is to address this gap and present a refined OEA model.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Member organizations from the Global Excellence Model (GEM) Council participated through an online survey administered via the Qualtrics software platform. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS and Microsoft Excel software tools, while content analysis techniques were applied to the qualitative data to gain detailed insights.FindingsThe findings refine and extend the OEA model. These contributions lead to a refined OEA definition and open avenues for future research, enriching the current understanding of BE implementation.Originality/valueThis study introduces a novel concept of OEA to the literature on business excellence implementation. The refined OEA model provides a fresh perspective on the critical components necessary for an award-winning business excellence journey. This research offers significant value to both practitioners and academics by presenting a unified approach to BE implementation, effectively addressing the previously identified gap in BE research.

“Keeping the Queen’s Peace”: A Sociomaterial Study of Police and Guns in a “Mangle of Risk”

This sociomaterial study analyzes the ways that material agency plays a key role in the organizing dynamics of risky work through a study of the carrying and use of handguns by U.S. and U.K. police officers. Qualitative data (interviews and focus groups) were collected over a three-year period with police (N = 61) in New York, where officers routinely carry guns, and in London, where they typically do not. Police unanimously describe the agentic role non-human artefacts like guns play in: a) framing their cognitive processes, b) influencing their behaviour and decision-making processes, and c) impacting individuals around them. Expanding Pickering's theorization of a mangle of practice, we inductively develop a mangle of risk to explain how human and non-human agency become entangled in risky work contexts, where danger is real and time pressure is high. Understanding these dynamics requires analysis of both frontline police narratives and the prescribed organizational policies, procedures, and routines intended to contain risky situations. Findings reveal that the tools provided to police to do their job both frame and constrain operational capabilities, potentially escalating danger for police, suspects, and the community in a mangle of risk.

Prediction of specific structural damage to the knee joint using qualitative isokinetic analysis

BackgroundAn isokinetic moment curve (IMC) pattern-damaged structure prediction model may be of considerable value in assisting the diagnosis of knee injuries in clinical scenarios. This study aimed to explore the association between irregular IMC patterns and specific structural damages in the knee, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, meniscus (MS) injury, and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) lesions, and to develop an IMC pattern-damaged structure prediction model.MethodsA total of 94 subjects were enrolled in this study and underwent isokinetic testing of the knee joint (5 consecutive flexion-extension movements within the range of motion of 90°-10°, 60°/s). Qualitative analysis of the IMCs for all subjects was completed by two blinded examiners. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether a specific abnormal curve pattern was associated with specific knee structural injuries and to test the predictive effectiveness of IMC patterns for specific structural damage in the knee.ResultsThe results of the multinomial logistic regression revealed a significant association between the irregular IMC patterns of the knee extensors and specific structural damages (“Valley” - ACL, PFJ, and ACL + MS, “Drop” - ACL, and ACL + MS, “Shaking” - ACL, MS, PFJ, and ACL + MS). The accuracy and Macro-averaged F1 score of the predicting model were 56.1% and 0.426, respectively.ConclusionThe associations between irregular IMC patterns and specific knee structural injuries were identified. However, the accuracy and Macro-averaged F1 score of the established predictive model indicated its relatively low predictive efficacy. For the development of a more accurate predictive model, it may be essential to incorporate angle-specific and/or speed-specific analyses of qualitative and quantitative data in isokinetic testing. Furthermore, the utilization of artificial intelligence image recognition technology may prove beneficial for analyzing large datasets in the future.

Military Family Perspectives on Enrollment and Engagement in the WIC Program.

One in four U.S. service members endorses food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is an invaluable, underutilized resource that can increase access to nutritious food for families with children under 5 years of age. Our research sought to evaluate military family perceptions and engagement with the WIC program. We conducted a mixed-method study, recruiting from a convenience sample of military families who applied for financial assistance for child care. An 18-question survey and follow-up focus groups assessed participant demographics and experiences with WIC. We utilized descriptive statistics ordinal logistic regression analyses for quantitative data analysis. For qualitative data, descriptive content analysis with constant comparison and inductive and deductive coding of interviews identified emerging themes. This study was approved by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Institutional Review Board. Among the 399 survey respondents, 25% were currently enrolled in WIC and 39% had been previously enrolled. Service members and their partners learned about WIC from a variety of sources, and there was no significant association between the branch of service or rank and WIC enrollment. There were 40 total participants in 10 completed focus groups. Six themes emerged: (1) Military-specific factors create unique circumstances related to WIC engagement; (2) the WIC program facilitates access to formula supplementation and nutritious foods for military families; (3) lack of program awareness and misinformation are top barriers to WIC engagement in military families; (4) stigma impacts WIC program enrollment and engagement; (5) logistics of enrollment can impact WIC engagement among military families; and (6) the military can support WIC enrollment and engagement through standardization, education, and leadership commitment. Our findings suggest that unique circumstances related to military family life create a profound need for programs addressing food support, such as WIC. Interventions to improve WIC enrollment among military families need to be rooted in broad outreach efforts, not targeted at specific ranks, branches, or ages. Specific recommendations include increasing information dissemination, universally screening military families for WIC, decreasing logistical burdens, and involving military leadership.

Exploring interactivity effects on learners’ sense of agency, cognitive load, and learning outcomes in immersive virtual reality: A mixed methods study

This study explored the effects of IVR interactivity on learners’ sense of agency, cognitive load, and learning outcomes. The research questions were: 1. “How does interactivity influence the learners’ sense of agency?” and 2. “How does interactivity influence the learners’ cognitive load and learning outcomes?” A mixed-methods experimental design was applied. Safety training interventions, including individually performed IVR scenarios, were held for 68 participants in groups of two to four persons in two work organizations. Single- and repeated-measure questionnaires were the main source of the quantitative data. Qualitative data collection by video recordings and stimulated recall interviews was carried out on 23 persons in total. The results indicate that high interactivity enables a stronger sense of agency for the learners and yields learning benefits by supporting generative cognitive processing. Based on the results, interactivity and learner involvement may be particularly important for achieving affective training goals. Considering the sociocultural and individual factors in training design and pre-briefing the learners are also recommended.

Learning sustainability at the Barefoot College: local and global community values in action

This article investigates learning sustainability at the Barefoot College, identifying potential replicability and relevance for other contexts.BackgroundGovernment statistics in India, suggest that some 32 million children have no access to education, especially in rural areas. Despite initiatives, 80% mainly from lower castes and deprived backgrounds, have never attended school. Operating across many villages, the ‘Barefoot College’ (BFC) is a mature non-government organisation (NGO) centred on Tilonia, in Northern Rajasthan. Here, poverty is so extreme that children can be sold into textile factories because parents cannot afford to feed them. However, skills learned at BFC such as conserving fossil fuels and water, how to vote, literacy and health practices, improve local lives immeasurably and benefit the planet. The research question (RQ) examines the key characteristics and impact of learning sustainability in this environment. The lead author was astonished by the depth and beauty of how teachings of semi-literate women, teachers and children have generated a living, breathing sustainable community.MethodThis research used an education case study methodology comprising multiple nested cases. Narratives of three key BFC project cases, the solar panel mamas, the Barefoot health and social workers and the children’s Night Schools, contextualise participant interviews that enable individual voices and experiences to emerge. Strategies aligned with a feminist standpoint approach enhance rigour and trustworthiness, systematically comparing qualitative data initiated in 2012 across semi-structured interviews, observations, and photographs. We found two key themes: dealing with on-the-ground inequality and practices of teaching and learning, together with five subthemes. These are in turn examined within a global sustainability-based framework to evaluate and characterise of BFC learning sustainability and sustainable leadership.ResultsThe research finds that learning sustainability at BFC contains novel key elements that are scalable and transferable. Meticulous joined-up-thinking underpins the BFC projects. Participants’ words confirm local and global relevance. Mapping learning sustainability in practice confirms individual self-actualisation and community agency through transformative education with impact. Individual and organisational adaptability are evidenced through individuals’ transformation into community leaders.ConclusionThe Global North has a lot to learn from the BFC, where learning sustainability is deeply embedded in belonging to the community. Bottom-up leadership through active participation and democracy empowers all community members, instilling pride in the Barefoot ethos. In this difficult environment, locally rooted projects nurture the ecological commons including rainwater harvesting and reducing fossil fuels. Projects enable traditions and clean technologies to flourish, whilst strengthening individual and community belonging and identity.

Project ECHO Brain Health: Assessing the Impact of a Pilot Program to Promote Self-Efficacy Among Community Health Workers.

This mixed-methods study sought to examine the impact of the Project ECHO Brain Health program on participating community health workers' (CHWs') self-efficacy to address dementia, promote brain health, and advocate for research among Latinx South Texas communities. Using an explanatory sequential design, quantitative data collected from pre- and post-program surveys were analyzed to inform the collection of qualitative data, followed by an interpretation of all findings to better understand the impact of the program on self-efficacy. Pre- and post-surveys were collected from 25 CHWs, 13 of whom later participated in individual interviews. There was a statistically significant increase in mean self-efficacy scores between the pre- and post-surveys among participants. Three categories reflecting the experiences of participants were identified from the qualitative data: addressing training needs; impact on CHWs and their practice; and community of learning. The findings suggest that Project ECHO Brain Health program is a timely intervention that may facilitate increased self-efficacy among CHWs as they navigate the impacts of dementia in their communities.

The importance of sustainable practices and whole foods in Brazilian schools

This review article analyzes the importance of sustainable practices and whole foods in Brazilian schools. The qualitative data was collected from articles corresponding to the years 2018 to 2022, through access to: SCIELO, CAPES journal portal and the BDTD (Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations) under the criteria: national and complete publications, and with the themes: (i) integral use of food; (ii) existence of the practice and incidences in the consumption of food in its entirety; (iii) investigation of the importance of sustainability and its implication today. Of the 23 articles, 14 were selected, with consultations on laws for discussion and analysis. The aim is to highlight the provocation and promotion of healthy food consumption. School communities provide food as one of the premises for forming healthy eating habits. Therefore, the SDGs: 2, 4 and 12 - zero hunger and sustainable agriculture, quality education and responsible consumption and production - are correlated with situations in which school meals reflect on food waste.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS MODELS IN RETAIL: FAST CYCLE VS. LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY

This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of fast-cycle and long-term sustainability business models in the retail industry. Through a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data, this research examines the key characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and impacts of these two contrasting models. The findings reveal stark differences in supply chain structures, design and production processes, marketing strategies, and consumer behavior. While fast-cycle models excel in speed, affordability, and trend responsiveness, they are associated with environmental degradation, ethical concerns, and a culture of disposability. Conversely, sustainable models prioritize ethical sourcing, environmental responsibility, and long-term value creation, but face challenges related to cost, scalability, and the need to balance timelessness with trend relevance. The implications for retailers, policymakers, and consumers are discussed, with a focus on the potential for hybrid models that combine elements of both approaches. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable business practices and provides valuable insights for retailers seeking to navigate the complex landscape of consumer preferences and sustainability demands.

Investigating consumers' experiences with community supported agriculture: Convergent parallel design methods.

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) represents a collaborative model where local farms and community members form partnerships to facilitate the direct delivery of fresh produce from farms to consumers. This study primarily investigates the experiences of current CSA members, focusing on the key factors influencing their retention intentions. Employing a convergent parallel mixed methods approach, this study gathers and analyzes both quantitative data (such as factors affecting members' retention intentions) and qualitative data (derived from interviews reflecting members' perceptions of their CSA experiences). The integration of these datasets provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape CSA membership dynamics. The research findings underscore that Convenience, Product Quality, and Positive Interactions are pivotal factors that contribute to members' Intentions to continue their CSA memberships. These insights are crucial for enhancing the services provided to CSA members and hold significant implications for the broader scope of CSA membership research. This study not only fills a critical gap in understanding the Chinese CSA context but also contributes to the global discourse on sustainable agriculture practices and community engagement.

Utilising a ‘Community of Practice’ to support pharmacists to work in residential aged care: protocol for a longitudinal evaluation

IntroductionA Community of Practice is briefly defined as a group of people with a shared interest in a given area of practice who work collaboratively to grow collective knowledge. Communities...

Heated tobacco product marketing: a mixed-methods study examining exposure and perceptions among US and Israeli adults.

The marketing of heated tobacco products (HTPs), like IQOS, influences consumers' perceptions. This mixed-methods study analyzed (i) survey data (2021) of 2222 US and Israeli adults comparing perceptions of 7 IQOS attributes (design, technology, colors, customization, flavors, cost and maintenance) and 10 marketing messages (e.g. 'Go smoke-free…') across tobacco use subgroups and (ii) qualitative interviews (n = 84) regarding IQOS perceptions. In initial bivariate analyses, those never using HTPs (86.2%) reported the least overall appeal; those currently using HTPs (7.7%) reported the greatest appeal. Notably, almost all (94.8%) currently using HTPs also currently used cigarettes (82.0%) and/or e-cigarettes (64.0%). Thus, multivariable linear regression accounted for current cigarette/e-cigarette use subgroup and HTP use separately; compared to neither cigarette/e-cigarette use (62.8%), cigarette/no e-cigarette use (17.1%) and e-cigarette/no cigarette use (6.5%), those with dual use (13.5%) indicated greater overall IQOS appeal (per composite index score); current HTP use was not associated. Qualitative data indicated varied perceptions regarding advantages (e.g. harm, addiction and complexity) of IQOS versus cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and perceived target markets included young people, those looking for cigarette alternatives and females. Given the perceived target markets and particular appeal to dual cigarette/e-cigarette use groups, IQOS marketing and population impact warrant ongoing monitoring to inform regulation.