Qualitative Characteristics Of Meat Research Articles

Effects of black cumin (Nigella Sativa) seed meal on growth performance, blood and biochemical indices, meat quality and cecal microbial load in broiler chickens

Black cumin seed (Nigella Sativa) meal (BCSM) is by-products resulting from the extraction of black cumin seed oil. It contains valuable functional nutrients such as proteins, dietary fibers and phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of BCSM in broiler diets on productive performance, oxidative status, immune response, qualitative characteristics of meat, and caecal microbial population. A total of 400 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allotted into four groups in ten replicates of 10 chicks each. The control group was fed a basal diet without BCSM, whereas BCSM-20, BCSM-40, and BCSM-60 groups were fed diets containing BCSM (20, 40, and 60 g/kg diet, respectively) for 42 days. Results showed that the inclusion of BCSM at all three levels reduced the feed conversion ratio, mortality and breast meat content of MDA, LPO, and lipid. The BCSM-40 and BCSM-60 groups increased body weight gain, RBCs count, HGB, and HCT and reduced the ALP concentration in serum of birds. Moreover, BCSM at all three levels, enhanced the WBCs count, IgG, and IgM and reduced ALT, TC, and TG levels in serum of birds. Furthermore, a significant increase in LYM and IgA content and reduce in HET, HET / LYM ratio, and AST by BCSM supplementaion at 60 g/kg level compared to the other groups.BCSM-60 group had higher GSH-Px, T-SOD, and CAT in serum, lower MDA in liver and greater values of pH and DM of the breast meat. BCSM-40 and BCSM-60 groups enhanced the GSH-Px content in liver and breast, T-SOD in liver, and reduced MDA in serum. Moreover, BCSM-40 and BCSM-60 groups compared to control enhanced values of CP, ash, total volatile bases nitrogen (TVBN) contents, redness, juiciness, tenderness, taste, aroma, and reduced lightness of breast meat. BCSM supplementation at all three levels increased yellowness values of breast meat of birds. A reduction in caecal coliform and E. coli population by 40 and 60 g/kg of BCSM supplementation. Moreover, BCSM supplementation at all three levels reduced the caecal total yeast and molds count population. In conclusion BCSM supplementation has a multi-fold benefit: it improved the broiler's performance traits, increases antioxidant, immune, and meat quality and reduced pathogenic bacteria papulation. It should, therefore, be considered a good supplement in the broiler industry.

A ureia extrusada pode substituir a fonte de proteína verdadeira em suplementos para cordeiros terminados em pastagens tropicais

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing 50% of the true protein from soybean meal with extruded urea on the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs finished on pasture. Twenty lambs with initial weight of 29.9±6.2kg and 5 months of age, distributed in two treatments in blocks at random, were kept in pastures of Urochloa spp. Supplemented with 2% of body weight (BW). The treatments consisted of supplements containing soybean meal as the only true protein source (control), or extruded urea replacing 50% of soybean meal (NPN treatment). There was no effect of treatment on total supplement intake. There were differences in average daily gain (242.1 vs. 264.6g/day), slaughter weight (41.9 vs. 45.0kg) and carcass weight (18.9 vs. 20.1kg). There was no effect of the treatment on the final body condition score, hot carcass yield, carcass length, breast depth, subcutaneous fat thickness or rib eye area. The group of animals that received extruded urea showed superior carcass finishing characteristics (99.0% vs. 66.0%), maturity (22.0% vs. 0.0%), marbling (55.0% vs. 33.0%), meat texture (44.0% vs. 33.0%) and fat (66.0% vs. 22.0%). There were no significant effects on tenderness (7.5kg/f) or flesh color (L* = 33.2; a* = 16.2; b* = 8.3). There were no significant changes in the biochemical profile of the animals' blood during the experiment for both treatments. The replacement of 50% of protein from soybean meal by the extruded urea as NPN source in the supplement for lambs finished in Urochloa spp pastures provides better animal performance and qualitative characteristics of meat, without altering quantitative carcass characteristics.

Genome-Wide Associative Study of Phenotypic Parameters of the 3D Body Model of Aberdeen Angus Cattle with Multiple Depth Cameras.

Simple SummaryThis article aims to develop a new approach to the lifetime evaluation of cattle by 3-D visualization of economic-biological and genetic features. The following indicators were selected as phenotypic features: chest width and chest girth retrieved by 3-D model and meat output on the bones. Correlation analysis showed a reliable positive relationship between chest width and meat output on the bones, which can potentially be used for lifetime evaluation of meat productivity of animals. Genome-wide associations analysis revealed the following potential loci of quantitative traits on cattle chromosomes for chest width, chest girth, and meat output on bones.In beef cattle breeding, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arrays can reveal many loci of various production traits, such as growth, productivity, and meat quality. With the development of genome sequencing technologies, new opportunities are opening up for more accurate identification of areas associated with these traits. This article aims to develop a novel approach to the lifetime evaluation of cattle by 3-D visualization of economic-biological and genetic features. The purpose of this study was to identify significant variants underlying differences in the qualitative characteristics of meat, using imputed data on the sequence of the entire genome. Samples of biomaterial of young Aberdeen-Angus breed cattle (n = 96) were the material for carrying out genome-wide SNP genotyping. Genotyping was performed using a high-density DNA chip Bovine GPU HD BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), containing ~150 thousand SNPs. The following indicators were selected as phenotypic features: chest width and chest girth retrieved by 3-D model and meat output on the bones. Correlation analysis showed a reliable positive relationship between chest width and meat output on the bones, which can potentially be used for lifetime evaluation of meat productivity of animals.

Association of GH gene polymorphism with meat quality traits in meat and wool sheep

Increasing the productivity and effi ciency of lamb production is a key factor in the competitiveness of the meat sheep industry. Therefore, in order to conduct sheep breeding more effectively it is necessary to apply new approaches to increase and improve the quality of products.Considerable interest are modern technologies involving the use of DNA markers, which are widely used in national breeding programs of a number of countries with developed animal husbandry and have a signifi cant impact on improving productivity indicators. A significant number of genes associated with meat productivity and meat quality have been identifi ed. However, in sheep breeding, information about the main genes or loci that affect the growth characteristics and productive traits of sheep is relatively limited. Due to the growing interest in the production of young mutton and lamb, priority is given to the study of genes that control meat productivity. The greatest interests are studies on the evaluation of the polymorphism of the growth hormone (GH) gene, which controls growth and development, as well as infl uencing the meat productivity of sheep. In this regard, the purpose of this work was research aimed at fi nding associations between polymorphic variants of the growth hormone gene and the qualitative characteristics of meat in meat and wool sheep of the genotype ½ Poll Dorset × ½ North Caucasian Meat and Wool breed bred in the Stavropol Territory. The data obtained when studying the histostructure of the m. Longissimus dorsi, depending on the genotypes of GH gene, indicate that the muscle tissue in individuals with AB and BB genotypes was characterized by a large number of muscle fi bers by 5,7 and 6,4 %, their smaller diameter by 7,6 and 9,2 %, and a lower content of connective tissue compared to animals with the genotype AA of GH gene.

АССОЦИАЦИЯ МЕЖДУ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМОМ ГЕНА ГОРМОНА РОСТА И ПАРАМЕТРАМИ МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ У ОВЕЦ ПОРОДЫ СОВЕТСКИЙ МЕРИНОС

Studies aimed at finding associations between polymorphic variants of the growth hormone gene and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of meat in Soviet merino sheep have been carried out. Based on the conducted genetic analysis by PCR and Sanger sequencing, a replacement of a single nucleotide (SNP) in the DNA sequence of the GH gene was detected, which affects meat productivity.

Fatty acids profile, atherogenic and thrombogenic health lipid indices in the meat of lambs that received canola grain

This study evaluated the fatty acid composition and qualitative characteristics of meat from lambs feed in feedlot with increasing levels of canola grain. Meat obtained from 27 lambs fed 0, 8 and 16% inclusion of canola grain were analyzed. There was a reduction in the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA): lauric, heptadecanoic, and stearic; and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA): palmitoleic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic, with the increasing levels of canola grain. There was a linear reduction for the ω3 acid and the ω3: ω6 ratio, while the ω6: ω3 ratio increased. But the values observed for this ratio (ω6: ω3) were lower than 4, which is considered a satisfactory value. There was a slight increase (~2%) for the thrombogenicity index and atherogenicity index with the inclusion of canola grain. There was a reduction in the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio, with mean values of 2.09 for the diet with 0% inclusion, and 2.06 for 8 and 16% inclusion of canola. Although the inclusion of canola grain for lambs decreased the content of some UFA, reflecting alterations in the correlated nutritional properties, there is a reduction of SFA. The results for instrumental analysis, proximate composition, and sensory acceptance of the lamb meat were similar among the treatments.

Оценка воздействия экстрактов ромашки аптечной на комплекс хозяйственно-полезных качеств мяса кроликов

Introduction. Nutrition has a great effect on the quality of life and longevity. Modern food industry pays much attention to the issue of obtaining high-quality and safe livestock products grown without feed antibiotics. The research objective was to study the effect of chamomile extract on a complex of economically useful traits of young rabbits and the qualitative characteristics of meat, as well as to determine the optimal dosage of chamomile extract.
 Study objects and methods. The experimental research was carried out on the animal farm of the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy in 2018. Five experimental groups and one control group of young Californian rabbits were formed according to the principle of analogue pairs. Each group included 10 rabbits. From 70-day age, the animals of the experimental group I were supplemented with a phytobiotic feed additive based on wild chamomile extract at a dose of 0.5 g per rabbit per day. In experimental group II, each rabbit received 1 g per day; in experimental group III, it was 1.5 g per rabbit per day; in experimental group IV – 2.0 g per rabbit per day; in experimental group V – 2.5 g per head per day. The experiment lasted 30 days.
 Results and discussion. The best result was achieved in experimental group II. In the experimental groups, the rabbits demonstrated an increase in hemoglobin. The use of phytobiotic feed additives in the diet did not cause any pathological changes in internal organs. The average live weight at the end of the experiment, compared with the control group, was higher: experimental group I – by 0.82%, experimental group II – by 6.96%, experimental group III – by 5.01%, experimental group IV – by 3.73%, experimental group V – by 2.80% (P ˃ 0.01). An analysis of the chemical composition of rabbit meat after the experiment showed that the water content in the rabbit meat ranged from 76 to 77%, which suggests high water-holding properties. The high dietary qualities of the rabbit meat depended on the content of protein (20–22 wt%) and the low fat content (5–7%). These data make it possible to promote rabbit meat for dietary products.
 Conclusion. According to the slaughter indicators and the phytobiotic feed additives parameters of meat, the optimal dose of phytobiotic feed additives is 1 g per head per day.

Carcass characteristics and meat quality of sheep fed alfalfa hay to replace Bermuda grass hay.

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass characteristics, meat quality, and organ and viscera weight of forty male sheep, not castrated, initially weighed 26.5 ± 1.85kg, and confined for 100days (44days for the adjustment period and 56days of the experimental period). The treatments were four levels of replacement of Bermuda grass hay with alfalfa hay (0, 200, 400, and 600g/kg, based on dry matter). The design was randomized blocks (one lighter group and other heavier group) with 10 animals in each treatment. There were no effects on weight gain or carcass parameters. However, an increase was observed on dry matter intake (g/day), crude protein intake (g/day), empty body weight (kg), and subcutaneous fat thickness (mm). There was also an increase in total organ weights in kg and g/kg. The tissue composition of the leg had a quadratic effect on the bone tissue weight (g) and linear effect on adipose tissue relative (g/kg) and muscle-fat relations. There was also a quadratic effect on bone tissues (g/kg) and muscle-bone relations. Likewise, there was a quadratic effect on the qualitative characteristics of meat (measure of luminosity), with the replacement of Bermuda grass hay with alfalfa hay in sheep feed. The replacement of Bermuda grass hay with alfalfa did not change carcass characteristics and meat quality.

Влияние озоно-воздушной смеси на качество и сроки хранения мяса молодняка перепелов

Промышленная технология содержания птиц способствует понижению естественной резистентности, продуктивности, возникновению различных патологических состояний организма и нередко понижению качества мяса птицы. Научно-хозяйственный опыт выполнен в октябре – декабре 2016 г. на птицеферме Чувашии. Материалом для исследования служило мясо перепелов 60-дневного возраста, образцы которого отбирали строго по методу аналогов. Изучено влияние озоно-воздушной смеси на качество и сроки хранения мяса молодняка перепелов с использованием отечественного озонатора «Pozitron-3 Air 1». В 1-й серии опытов тушки мяса перепелят обрабатывали озоно-воздушной смесью с дозой 5 мг/м3 с экпозицией 4 ч в течение 3 дней, во 2-й серии опытов — в дозе 10 мг/м3 4 ч в течение 4 дней. Показано, что озоно-воздушная смесь оказывает позитивное воздействие на сроки хранения и качественные показатели мяса молодняка перепелов. Так, после обработки проб мяса озоно-воздушной смесью в дозе 10 мг/м3 с экспозицией 4 ч мясо перепелят имело специфический запах, характерный свежему мясу, мясной бульон — прозрачный и ароматный; консистенция мышц — плотная, при надавливании пальцем образующаяся ямка быстро выравнивалась. При этом реакция на периоксидазу была положительная, с сернокислой медью — отрицательная, pH мяса колебался на уровне 5,82 – 5,87, концентрация аминоаммиачного азота варьировала в пределах 1,24 – 1,26 мг. При микроскопии мазков-отпечатков с глубоких слоев мышц выделены единичные палочки и кокки. Обработка озоно-воздушной смесью способствовала достоверному удлинению срока хранения мяса в опытных пробах по сравнению с контрольными аналогами в среднем на 18,88 суток (P < 0,01).

Perfil de ácidos graxos e características da carne de bovinos Nelore confinados com diferentes fontes lipídicas protegidas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adição de fontes de lipídeos naturais e protegidos da degradação ruminal na dieta de bovinos Nelore confinados sobre características da carne, concentrações de lipoproteínas sanguíneas e perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do músculo Longissimus dorsi. Foram utilizados 120 bovinos Nelore, não castrados (366,9±28,7kg), com aproximadamente 24 meses. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: (CONTR) sem fonte adicional de lipídeo, (GDESP) com fonte de lipídeo natural (torta de algodão) e (GPROT) com fonte de lipídeo protegido rico em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. Foram utilizadas 24 baias, cinco animais/baia, com oito repetições/tratamento, sendo as baias consideradas unidades experimentais. Foi observada (P<0,05) interação entre tratamento e dias de mensuração para colesterol e LDL, com maiores valores do tratamento GPROT nos dias 1 e 15, tendo o dia 84 valor intermediário aos demais tratamentos. Observaram-se efeitos de dias de mensuração, em que VLDL e triglicerídeos apresentaram valores crescentes nos dias 15, 84 e 1; enquanto o HDL teve maior valor no dia 1. Foi observado efeito (P<0,05) de tratamento para o perfil de ácidos graxos, com diminuição do C14:1, C16:1 e C17:1 e aumento do ácido transvaccênico, C18:2, ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) e da relação AGPI: AGMI (ácidos graxos monoinsaturados) para os tratamentos GPROT e GDESP. Adição de lipídios na dieta, independentemente da fonte, promove melhora na composição de ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos Nelore confinados, aumentando a quantidade de ácidos graxos insaturados sem alterar as características qualitativas da carne.

English

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the dietary inclusion of lipid-based diets (whole cottonseed and protected fat) on the pH, meat color and fat, tenderness and cooking yield in Longissimus thoracis muscle of cattle feedlot. Were used 39 Nellore cattle uncastrated with average initial body weight of 494.1 ± 10.1 kg and 36 months of age were housed for 63 days in pens with thirteen animals each. A completely randomized design with three treatments and thirteen replications was used. The treatments evaluated were: Feed with 2.50% whole cottonseed (control diet); feed with 11.50% whole cottonseed; and feed with 3.13% whole cottonseed added of protected lipid (PL), all on a dry matter basis. No differences were found for pH 24 h post mortem, meat color and fat, tenderness or cooking yield. The values of shear force of meat the animals presented differences (P <0.05), and the animals fed with 11.50% of cottonseed had greater value than those fed 2.50% on the diet, in relation to dry matter. The study came to the conclusion that the protected lipid does not influence the qualitative characteristics of meat and the amount of 11.50% of cottonseed in the cattle diet does not contribute to the improvement of texture and tenderness of the meat. Key words: Color, cooking yield, shear force, whole cottonseed.

Qualitative characteristics of meat from cull cows of different genotypes and age class slaughter under different finishing systems: a meta-analytic approach.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by meta-analysis, the quality of the meat of the cows according to genotype, termination system and age class slaughter. During an online research were identified 15 articles with information related to meat quality of slaughtered cows. The data were grouped according of the genotype of cows being: zebu or continental defined, crossed zebu x british or zebu x continental; according to termination system: feedlot or grassland; according to age of slaughter, where: up to 4 years old (young), 4-8 years old (adult) or more than 8 years old (old). The meat of the continental crossbred cows was softer than the other genotypes, both panel of evaluators and by Shear. The meat of cows finished in feedlot showed higher marbling degree in relation to meat of females finished on grassland. The reduction of the slaughter age of cows improved the meat color. The cow's genotype affects the organoleptic aspects of meat while the finished system and slaughter age affects the sensory aspects of meat.

Qualitative Characteristics of Meat from Lambs Fed Hydrolyzed Sugarcane

Qualitative Characteristics of Meat from Lambs Fed Hydrolyzed Sugarcane

Qualitative Characteristics of Meat from Lambs Fed Hydrolyzed Sugarcane

Qualitative Characteristics of Meat from Lambs Fed Hydrolyzed Sugarcane

Effect of Slaughtering Age in Different Commercial Chicken Genotypes Reared According to the Organic System: 1. Welfare, Carcass and Meat Traits

The carcass and meat quality of three different commercial chicken genotypes reared according to the organic system and slaughtered at two different ages (70 and 81 days) were compared. The used genotypes were Naked Neck (CN1), Kabir (KR4) and Ross 308 (R). All animals were raised in the facilities of a big Italian company, in production units of 3000 birds. Before slaughtering, plumage conditions, foot pad dermatitis as well as qualitative traits of carcasses, such as skin damage and the presence of breast blisters, were registered (n=50). Naked Neck birds showed the best plumage conditions at both ages; the other genotypes had similar body conditions showing a dramatically worsening at the end of rearing cycle (81 days), mainly at breast level. The carcass conformation showed differences mainly for the CN1 genotype, which was more slender with higher proportions of head, neck and legs; thus, ready-to-cook-carcass yield was lower. The meat of CN1 chickens showed lower levels of lipids, pH and brightness values, but higher index of redness. Ross 308 genotype showed a bad welfare status even at 70 days, confirming that the rearing of this strain should not be permitted in organic systems. In conclusion, this study indicates that genotype deeply affects performance, welfare and qualitative characteristics of meat. Regarding the slaughtering age, although the inconsistency of European Commission rules which authorise the reduction of slaughtering age in less mature strains, at 70 days chickens show higher feed efficiency and thinness of carcass and meat.

Qualitative characteristics of meat from young bulls fed different levels of crude glycerin

The objective was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from young bulls fed crude glycerin. Forty-four animals with an initial live weight of 368±4kg were used in a completely randomized design, with four treatments: no glycerin or addition of 6, 12 or 18% glycerin. The animals were slaughtered with 519.5±14.9kg of live weight. The meat characteristics assessed were chemical composition, shear force, fatty acid concentration, color and lipid oxidation. The addition of glycerin increased the content of ether extract (P<0.05) in the muscle. A linear increase was observed (P<0.05) in the oleic acid contents (C18:1 cis 9). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents linearly decreased in the muscle as a function of glycerin addition. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) indices increased with the use of crude glycerin (P<0.05). The crude glycerin increased the intramuscular fat and oleic acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle.

Fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from zebu steers fed with different oilseeds1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of ground oilseed sources on the quality, fatty acid profile, and CLA content of meat from zebu steers. Thirty-one zebu steers with an initial average age of 23 mo and an initial BW of 365 kg were used in this study. The experimental period was 84 d, which was preceded by an adaption period of 28 d. The diet was provided ad libitum with a forage:concentrate ratio of 40:60. Corn silage was used as the forage source. Four different concentrates were formulated for each treatment: without additional lipids (control) or with ground soybeans (SB), ground cottonseed (CS), or ground linseed (LS). The SB, CS, and LS diets were formulated to have 6.5% ether extract on a total dietary DM basis. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design. After slaughter, samples were taken from the longissimus thoracis muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of meat quality. The luminosity index was greater in the control and LS diets (P < 0.01). The greatest percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), trans octadecenoic acid (C18:1 trans-10, trans-11, or trans-12), and SFA in the subcutaneous fat were observed in the CS treatment (P < 0.01). Moreover, the least percentages of oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) and total unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat were observed in the CS diet (P < 0.01). The meat linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid percentages were greatest in the SB and LS treatments, respectively (P < 0.001). The unsaturated fatty acid:SFA ratio was smallest for the CS diet (P < 0.01). A gradual increase in oxidation was observed as a function of storage time; however, the diets did not affect the rancidity of the meat (P > 0.05). The fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat was impaired by the addition of CS. Supplying ground oilseeds did not increase the content of CLA in the meat.

Effect of virginiamycin on digestibility of nutrients, blood and immunologic parameters, and quality of meat in veal calves

SummaryExperiments were carried out in 1992 with ten male calves, 4 weeks old initially, on a milk diet. Five calves received 80 mg/head virginiamycin (a feed antibiotic) daily for about 14 weeks. Virginiamycin significantly (P &lt; 0·05) increased weight gains (122±2 kg ν. 114±2 kg), digestibility of ash, serum iron and haemoglobin. The feed intake per 1 kg of gain was non-significantly lowered in the virginiamycin group. The phagocytic activity of granulocytes in blood samples of treated calves was slightly increased with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of immunoglobulins. Meat of virginiamycin-fed calves tended to be somewhat darker, to contain more K, Na and Fe and to have a higher pH 24 h post mortem. There were no major differences in other qualitative characteristics of meat between the groups.