Qualitative Analysis Software Research Articles

Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Best Practices and the Emerging Concept of Foreign Champion, an Empirical Investigation

This article introduces a new theoretical concept, the “foreign champion”, which attempts to solve the principal–agent problem and improve academic understanding of foreign market entry decisions by analyzing what experts in the field consider to be best practices. Based on empirical research into the determinants of SME internationalization success, semi-structured interviews (n = 12, t = 5 h 10 min.) were conducted with industry experts, including one academic, government officials, chamber and association leaders, a venture capitalist, and several CEOs, and key testimonies were studied using qualitative analysis software. The results shed light on effective internationalization strategies and common market entry mistakes. Despite the perception of saturation, the prominence of the experts, and the large sample, there may be limitations, such as not covering several regions. The originality of this study lies in its conceptual framework, the insights gained from the select interviews, and a new concept of foreign market entry.

Intrahousehold food allocation social norms and food taboos in rural Ethiopia: The case of adolescent girls

BackgroundIn low-income countries, social norms play a significant role in intrahousehold food allocation practices. These norms can sometimes lead to discrimination against specific groups, posing a public health concern. This study focuses on the social norm surrounding food allocation within households and food taboos affecting adolescent girls in rural Ethiopia. MethodA qualitative study was conducted using vignettes as prompts for 20 focus group discussions and 32 in-depth interviews. The vignettes were tailored to the local context. Participants were chosen purposefully, and data were collected in a comfortable setting. All sessions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was done using Open Code qualitative analysis software with a thematic framework approach. FindingsIn the community, adolescent girls were expected to eat after serving the male family members. Those who did not follow this expectation faced sanctions such as being labeled as disrespectful and could even be insulted or beaten by their spouses and siblings. However, there were some exceptions to this rule, such as when girls were giving birth, breastfeeding, sick, or when male family members were traveling. Certain foods were also prohibited for adolescent girls, including spicy foods like chili, animal products such as meat and milk, and nuts. These foods were believed to increase girls' sexual desire, potentially leading them to engage in premarital or extramarital sex. Additionally, eating outside of the house was not considered appropriate behavior for adolescent girls in this community. ConclusionIn many households, social norms dictate that adolescent girls are not given enough food or are denied essential nutrients for their health. It is important to challenge these norms to ensure fair food distribution within households and support the healthy development of adolescent girls.

Abstract A017: Patient-reported experience related to aspects of quality of life after cystectomy from an exploratory focus group

Abstract Purpose: These exploratory focus groups examined patient experiences after having a cystectomy following bladder cancer. Methods: US individuals aged >50 years with self-reported diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) or muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who had undergone partial or radical cystectomy were recruited through a Patient Engagement Research Council program and invited to participate in an exploratory focus group (October 2022). Patients completed a prework survey on initial diagnosis, treatments, and how aspects of their life changed over time from pre-diagnosis, around the time of decision to undergo cystectomy, 90 days after cystectomy, and at present day. Patients attended gender-specific focus group sessions to discuss their patient journey, support needs, and how having a cystectomy affected their lives. Discussions were facilitated by a gender-matched moderator using a semi-structured discussion guide. Patients provided written informed consent and were compensated for their time. Key themes were identified by coding of audio transcripts and direct observations via the qualitative research analysis software MAXQDA. Results: Patients were six White adults (female n=3, male n=3, median age 68 years) with NMIBC (n=2) or MIBC (n=4) who underwent radical cystectomy between 2000 and 2020. Patients reported that bladder-sparing approaches were rarely introduced or discussed by their care team during their diagnostic journey, instead identifying disease eradication and pain improvement as primary drivers for choosing cystectomy. In the first 90 days post-surgery, patients reported that cystectomy negatively affected their ability to perform daily activities, mental health, and physical intimacy while adapting to a “new normal,” citing challenges with urinary diversion routes. Female patients cited a general lack of female-centric support (e.g. feminine hygiene and care education) as their support groups were mostly comprised of male patients focusing on male-centric issues (e.g., erectile dysfunction). In the present day, patients reported lower sex drive, satisfaction with body image, and physical intimacy. Patients called for more privacy consideration during medical examinations, better ostomy care support, increased awareness among healthcare professionals about the struggles patients face throughout their cystectomy journey, and improved education about available treatment options (including bladder preservation) and possible ramifications of cystectomy on all aspects of life (including sexual health and female-centric needs). Conclusions: Cystectomy can negatively affect patients’ lives, affecting their ability to participate in daily activities, mental health, and physical intimacy among those with NMIBC and MIBC. Patients expressed the need for holistic, long-term support (including awareness of treatment options, emotional support, and ostomy care) before, during, and after cystectomy. Citation Format: Nida Imran, Wesley Peters, Karen Fixler, Priyanka Madireddi, Lisa M. Shea, Andrea Ireland. Patient-reported experience related to aspects of quality of life after cystectomy from an exploratory focus group [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A017.

Implementasi Metode Talaqqi dalam Pembelajaran Tahfidz Qur’an Siswa Halaqah Tahfidz di SDIT Baitul Hamdi Kota Padang

This study aims to determine the implementation of the talaqqi method in learning Qur'an tahfidz halaqah tahfidz students at SDIT Baitul Hamdi Padang City. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations and documentation studies. The source of the data was taken from ten informants through in-depth interviews. The informant is a teacher / ustadzah and student of halaqah tahfidz at SDIT Baitul Hamdi Kota Padang. All interview results were then analyzed thematically using Nvivo12 qualitative analysis software. Overall, the results of the analysis show that there are: first, in the implementation of the talaqqi method in learning Qur'an tahfidz halaqa tahfidz students there are three stages, namely planning; by preparing learning media, grouping students, making mutaba'ah books, and making student attendance lists, implementation; consisting of introduction, core and closing, evaluation; consists of midterm evaluation, and end-of-semester evaluation. Second, Factors supporting the implementation of the talaqqi method in learning Qur'an tahfidz are; The ability of teachers, cooperation between teachers and parents, using the same mushaf, then there is a tahfidz graduation. While the inhibiting factors are; Teachers do not have the ability to accumulate, children are often absent and short time. The results of this study can be used as evaluation material for teachers and as a determinant to choose the right method for the school in improving the quality and quantity of children's memorization.

Unveiling the Attractiveness of Urban Destinations in the Context of Cuisine

The efforts to diversify and extend the tourism season to 12 months continue unabated with new approaches and strategies. This issue is of greater importance for countries where tourism is pivotal to the growth of the economy. One approach to achieve this is through urban tourism and its popularity is increasing rapidly. Although tourism has a significant impact on the Turkish economy, the country is widely known for sea-sand-sun tourism. However, research on how this can be transformed into urban tourism especially from the perspective of cuisines is still needed. This current study focuses on the narratives of tourists visiting Istanbul, Turkey's mega-city as well as an important urban destination. A qualitative research approach is adopted, and a document analysis technique is employed in the study. Tripadvisor user entries, commonly used in scientific research, are used as a data source. Data analyses are performed following a three-step analysis procedure with the qualitative analysis software MAXQDA. The analysis covers a total of 450 entries. The results of the present study introduce a series of key projections for the scientific literature, practitioners, and administrators.

Factors Influencing Palliative and End-of-Life Care for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review of Health and Care Workers’ Experiences

In developed countries, there has been an increase in the longevity of adults with intellectual disabilities. In the later stages of their lives, people with intellectual disability have specific needs in terms of palliative and end-of-life care that need to be better understood in order to offer appropriate care. This scoping review aimed to identify the main factors influencing the provision of palliative and end-of-life care from the perspective of health and care workers involved with adults with an intellectual disability at the end of life. Seven databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published between 2002 and 2022. NVivo qualitative research analysis software was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the 50 included studies. Three main factors were identified: the location of care and death, the involvement of the person with intellectual disability, and collaborative practices.

Experiences and impacts of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure on remote Aboriginal families.

Aboriginal Australians face significant health disparities, with hospitalisation rates 2.3 times greater, and longer hospital length of stay, than non-Indigenous Australians. This additional burden impacts families further through out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE), which includes additional healthcare expenses not covered by universal taxpayer insurance. Aboriginal patients traveling from remote locations are likely to be impacted further by OOPHE. The objective of this study was to examine the impacts and burden of OOPHE for rurally based Aboriginal individuals. Participants were recruited through South Australian community networks to participate in this study. Decolonising methods of yarning and deep listening were used to centralise local narratives and language of OOPHE. Qualitative analysis software was used to thematically code transcripts and organise data. A total of seven yarning sessions were conducted with 10 participants. Seven themes were identified: travel, barriers to health care, personal and social loss, restricted autonomy, financial strain, support initiatives and protective factors. Sleeping rough, selling assets and not attending appointments were used to mitigate or avoid OOPHE. Government initiatives, such as the patient assistance transport scheme, did little to decrease OOPHE burden on participants. Family connections, Indigenous knowledges and engagement with cultural practices were protective against OOPHE burden. Aboriginal families are significantly burdened by OOPHE when needing to travel for health care. Radical change of government initiative and policies through to health professional awareness is needed to ensure equitable healthcare access that does not create additional financial hardship in communities already experiencing economic disadvantage.

Tourism planning from a rural approach as a strategy for the appropriation and defense of the territory

This study aims to analyse how a model of tourism planning from a rural community, endogenous and participatory approach can become a strategy for the appropriation and defence of the territory in the municipality of Sibaté. The methodological horizon was oriented from a qualitative approach Páramo (2013) and the method used was the ethnography of places Vergara (2013). The information was systematised and analysed using the qualitative analysis software ATLAS.ti. The findings indicate that municipal development plans can be instruments of territorial defence, to the extent that the communities, their needs and goals are integrated. It is concluded that tourism as a development model can generate significant transformations in rural territories as long as they are inclusive, concerted and participatory, in order to achieve consensus between society and nature.

Evaluating the Disease-Related Experiences of TikTok Users With Lupus Erythematosus: Qualitative and Content Analysis.

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune condition that is associated with significant detriments to quality of life and daily functioning. TikTok, a popular social networking platform for sharing short videos, provides a unique opportunity to understand experiences with LE within a nonclinical sample, a population that is understudied in LE research. This is the first qualitative study that explores LE experiences using the TikTok platform. This study aims to evaluate the disease-related experiences of TikTok users with LE using qualitative and content analysis. TikTok videos were included if the hashtags included #lupus, were downloadable, were in English, and involved the personal experience of an individual with LE. A codebook was developed using a standardized inductive approach of iterative coding until saturation was reached. NVivo (Lumivero), a qualitative analysis software platform, was used to code videos and perform content analysis. Inductive thematic analysis was used to derive themes from the data. A total of 153 TikTok videos met the inclusion criteria. The most common codes were experiences with symptoms (106/153, 69.3%), mucocutaneous symptoms (61/153, 39.9%), and experiences with treatment (59/153, 38.6%). Experiences with symptoms and mucocutaneous symptoms had the greatest cumulative views (25,381,074 and 14,879,109 views, respectively). Five thematic conclusions were derived from the data: (1) mucocutaneous symptoms had profound effects on the mental health and body image of TikTok users with LE; (2) TikTok users' negative experiences with health care workers were often derived from diagnostic delays and perceptions of "medical gaslighting"; (3) TikTok users tended to portray pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, such as diet and naturopathic remedies, positively, whereas pharmacologic treatments were portrayed negatively or referred to as "chemotherapy"; (4) LE symptoms, particularly musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue, interfered with users' daily functioning; and (5) although TikTok users frequently had strong support systems, feelings of isolation were often attributed to battling an "invisible illness." This study demonstrates that social media can provide important, clinically relevant information for health practitioners caring for patients with chronic conditions such as LE. As mucocutaneous symptoms were the predominant drivers of distress in our sample, the treatment of hair loss and rash is vital in this population. However, pharmacologic therapies were often depicted negatively, reinforcing the significance of discussions on the safety and effectiveness of these treatments. In addition, while TikTok users demonstrated robust support systems, feelings of having an "invisible illness" and "medical gaslighting" dominated negative interactions with others. This underscores the importance of providing validation in clinical interactions.

Marketing strategies using the flywheel model in a cycling retail sector venture

The aim of this study was to establish digital marketing strategies using the flywheel model in an enterprise in the cycling retail sector. The methodology followed a qualitative approach, using descriptive and bibliographic types of research. A literature review was conducted, followed by an interview to understand the current state of the venture's strategies, and the inductive methodwas used to generate an analysis of the results. Along the same lines, a thematic analysis of the interview was used using the qualitative analysis software Atlas TI, supported by the bibliographic management software Zotero and Publish or Perish to support the research process. The results show that the venture has a digital and relationship marketing strategy, which evidences opportunities for improvement. Subsequently, the flywheel model was used to structure these strategies as a proposal for the venture. The conclusions show that digital marketing strategies contribute to the commercial management of organizations. In addition, the venture shows opportunities to optimizeits digital marketing strategies through the support of the proposals resulting from the research.

Decarbonization and the obstacles to carbon credit accounting disclosure in financial statement reports: the case of UAE

PurposeThis study investigated the visibility of carbon emissions allowances accounting in the financial reports of 32 clean development mechanism (CDM) projects in the UAE to uncover the obstacles to setting consistent standards for carbon emission accounting. As carbon emissions are monetized as credits, consistent accounting standards can aid decision-makers in the development of carbon emission mitigation strategies.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a grounded theoretical framework for exploring the terms used in the policy documents of international accounting bodies regarding accounting standards and guidelines for carbon emission credits. Raw qualitative data were gathered, and an inductive approach was used by analyzing documents from various sources using the qualitative data text analysis software QDA Miner 6.FindingsThe findings showed that the financial statement reports of the corporations did not include disclosure of the carbon credit account. This omission was due to the lack of global standardization of carbon credit accounts and emission allowance recognition. This may hinder the production of a comprehensive report containing accurate and valuable financial information relevant to all stakeholders.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to use a grounded theoretical framework to investigate whether corporations are applying common standards and guidelines for carbon emissions accounting.

413 Perceptions and Concerns: Navigating Genetic Research Participation Among At-Risk Individuals for Inherited Conditions

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Motivations and hesitations about participating in genetic research among those at risk of inherited conditions are unclear. We aim to understand perceptions, perspectives, and concerns of these individuals regarding genetic research studies, especially for hard-to-diagnose diseases. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Mix method study of 150 Hispanics individuals in Puerto Rico (PR) at risk for in heriting a condition. These individuals, with limited diagnostic data, are attending genetics clinics or invited to a genetics study at the University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus. Structured surveys and interviews will be conducted. Surveys will gauge general perceptions and feelings toward genetic research, while interviews will provide a deeper understanding of participants’ personal narratives and experiences. All sessions will be recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo qualitative analysis software. Thematic analysis will be employed to identify recurring themes and sentiments. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Weanticipatevaried responses: some enthusiastic about genetic research benefits, others having reservations due to privacy, cultural beliefs, or past experiences. A significant portion may express concerns about genetic research’s impact on insurance and potential discrimination. We also expect to uncover systemic challenges that hinder participation among Hispanics living in PR, such as a lack of information or misconceptions about genetic research. This study will overview factors, both encouraging and inhibitory, influencing decisions to join genetic research. Quantitative genetic literacy survey data will undergo descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Hispanics in PR exhibit a rich tapestry of genetic variations being a focal point for genetic research. Understanding perceptions is vital among those at risk for inherited conditions. Insights can shape outreach and education strategies, ensuring participants are informed, concerns met, and empowered to make decisions alignined their views.

The Public Perceptions of Transgender Identity as 'the Other' in Social Media

Waria also known as transgender women, despite consistent exclusion from society, are becoming increasingly visible in Indonesia during the era of globalization. In recent years, they have gained more popularity by leveraging the rapid development of social media. This study aims to critically examine public perceptions of transgender, using the case of one of Indonesia's most famous transgender figures, Lucinta Luna. The researcher analyses Instagram users’ comments on her account, as a representation of how the public responds to Luna's identity as a transgender. This study utilizes a qualitative approach and thematic analysis as the analytical method. To analyze the data, this research uses Computer-Aided Qualitative Analysis Software (CAQDAS) NVivo 12. Furthermore, this study adopts Hall's theory of 'the other' to critically examine how Indonesians respond to transgenders. This research found that two significant themes emerged from overall Instagram users' comments on Luna's identity, which are negative and positive public perceptions. In both themes, three sub-themes emerged: sarcasm, religious criticism, and sexual harassment in the negative theme, and admiration, comedy, and a supportive attitude in the positive theme.

Obstetrics and gynecology applicant perceptions of residency program culture with virtual interviews: a qualitative analysis of social media posts

BackgroundIn the United States, Obstetrics and Gynecology residency interviews are instrumental in assessing the compatibility between medical student applicants and residency programs during the match process. Applicant perceptions of Obstetrics and Gynecology residency culture are a key component in determining how they rank residency programs. In 2020, residency interviews transitioned to a virtual format, and little is known about how applicants evaluated program culture during this first round of universal virtual interviews. Medical students in the United States commonly use Reddit, a popular social media platform, to discuss residency programs and share interview experiences. We explored Obstetrics and Gynecology applicants’ considerations regarding residency program culture during the first universal virtual interview season in 2020–2021 by analyzing posts on a Google spreadsheet accessed through Reddit.MethodsIn 2022, we imported 731 posts from the “2020-21 OB GYN Residency Applicant Spreadsheet” Google spreadsheet posted to the 2020–2021 Residency Interview Spreadsheet megathread on the r/medicalschool subreddit to NVivo 12(QSR International, Burlington, MA), a qualitative analysis software program. Three investigators used qualitative inductive techniques to code and identify themes.ResultsApplicants used visual, verbal and behavioral cues during virtual Obstetrics and Gynecology residency interviews to understand three components of the workplace culture: prioritization of diversity, equity and inclusion, social environment, and resident workload.ConclusionsObstetrics and Gynecology residency programs convey information about their culture during virtual interviews through the behavior, appearances and responses of residents and interviewers to applicant questions. To ensure they accurately represent their culture to applicants, programs should consider educating residents and faculty around the implications of interview-day conduct.

Impact of Green Hospital Design on Patients’ Well-Being and Operating Cost of the Hospital: A Systematic Review

Hospitals play a crucial role in providing medical care to patients, but they also have a significant environmental impact due to their high energy consumption and resource use. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the concept of green hospital design, which aims to reduce the environmental footprint of hospitals while simultaneously improving patient outcomes.10 articles were finalized for review and were coded in QDA Miner qualitative analysis software for descriptive and link analysis. Results indicated a strong correlation between green design aspects of hospital and patient well-being, it failed to provide any evidence of concrete relation between relation between green hospital design and lower operation cost.”

Exploring medical students’ perceptions of individual and group-based clinical reasoning with virtual patients: a qualitative study

BackgroundVirtual Patients are computer-based simulations used to teach and evaluate patient interviews, medical diagnoses, and treatment of medical conditions. It helps develop clinical reasoning skills, especially in undergraduate medical education. This study aimed to and investigate the medical students’ perceptions of individual and group-based clinical reasoning and decision-making processes by using Virtual Patients.MethodsThe study group comprised 24 third-year medical students. Body Interact® software was utilized as a VP tool. The students’ readiness and the courses’ learning goals were considered when choosing the scenarios. Semi-structured interview forms were employed for data collection. MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis software was used to analyze the data. The students’ written answers were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe participants perceived individual applications as beneficial when making clinical decisions with Virtual Patients, but they suggested that group-based applications used with the same cases immediately following individual applications were a more appropriate decision-making method. The results indicated that students learn to make decisions through trial and error, based on software scoring priorities, or using clinical reasoning protocols.ConclusionIn group-based reasoning, the discussion-conciliation technique is utilized. The students stated that the individual decision-making was advantageous because it provided students with the freedom to make choices and the opportunity for self-evaluation. On the other hand, they stated that the group based decision-making process activated their prior knowledge, assisted in understanding misconceptions, and promoted information retention. Medical educators need to determine the most appropriate method when using Virtual Patients, which can be structured as individual and/or group applications depending on the competency sought.

Misalignment of social support in the social media posts of young adult cancer caregivers.

Compared with older cancer caregivers, young adult cancer caregivers (YACC) experience greater stress and depression during the first 6 months of caregiving. Social support can buffer the negative psychological effects associated with cancer caregiving. However, the misalignment of social support is associated with increased distress and worse emotional well-being. As YACC are more likely to utilize social media (SM) to seek social support compared with older cancer caregivers, they may be at greater risk of experiencing the misalignment of social support and related negative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify ways that SM posts containing support for YACC's were potentially misaligned with the social support desired by YACC. In this secondary analysis, cancer-related SM posts (N = 760) from 34 YACC's SM accounts were extracted for 6 months following the day of cancer diagnosis and imported into NVivo qualitative analysis software. Open coding of posts from four YACC identified a pattern of SM posts containing responses that may misalign with social support requests, and could be perceived as dismissive of YACC's emotions. Similar posts were grouped together, forming categories which were used to create a codebook and applied in coding all posts from the remaining 30 YACC. Content analysis identified three categories of social support misalignment originating from YACC's SM posts: supplications (n = 251, 33%), prevailing (n = 7, 10.1%), and consolations (n = 16, 2.1%). Supplications involved prayer or trust in god, prevailing posts compared dealing with cancer to a fight and suggested that the person would overcome cancer, and consolations used quotes, song lyrics, and or general reassurances in SM posts. Findings suggest that when YACC use SM during cancer experiences, they may interpret SM posts as social support or as misalignment of social support requests, which in turn can lead to either improved quality of life or additional distress (respectively). This study adds to the body of knowledge regarding how YACC use social media for social support and may inform future interventions designed to match YACC's desired support with support offered.

“Just lmk When You Want to Have Sex”: An Exploratory–Descriptive Qualitative Analysis of Sexting in Emerging Adult Couples

Background: An essential component of new relationship development is sexual communication between partners. The rise of technology has allowed couples to use text messaging to facilitate these conversations. The current study examines how emerging adults (18–25 years) in new relationships communicate about sex through text messages. Methods: We conducted inductive thematic analyses of text messages between different-gender couples in the first six months of their relationship (20 couples, N = 40) in which the women were between 18 and 25 years of age. We used the Dedoose qualitative analysis software and a coding team of 16 coders. Reliability was established through the “test” function of Dedoose, with codes of Kappas less than 0.70 discussed and refined in the codebook. Results: Primary themes of how couples communicate about sex emerged, which included the use of humor, discussing previous sexual experiences and partners, and sharing interests around future sexual encounters. During thematic analyses, secondary themes of motivations for sexual communication emerged, including learning, bonding, and enhancement. Conclusions: Addressing the varied motivations emerging adult couples may use in text messages can be leveraged for improving sexual health. Theories related to relationship development may not fully capture how couples discuss sex, particularly via text messages.

Sport policy reforms in Chile: the tension between ‘doers’ and ‘thinkers’

ABSTRACT This study considers the reforms of Chile’s state sport structures from 2001 to 2022. Drawing upon institutional frameworks, the purpose of this article is to analyse the emerging rules, practices and narratives from these reforms. This study employed a qualitative approach, with data gathered from document analysis and semi-structured interviews with six policymakers/bureaucrats from the Ministry of Sport (MINDEP) and National Institute of Sport (IND). Data was analysed through thematic coding of available texts (e.g. policies, government documentation, media sources and interview transcripts) via MAXQDA 2022 qualitative analysis software. The findings highlight that incommensurate rules, practices and narratives may be the impetus for institutional change. Rules connected with New Public Management (NPM) and the creation of the National Institute of Sport (Law 19.712 of 2001) conflicted with the discretionary practices of previous institutional arrangements. Subsequent legislation created a (rule-based) dichotomy between ‘thinkers’ (MINDEP) and ‘doers’ (IND), which has been influenced by the practice of politically based appointments into the IND. While informants suggested that the system’s parochialism and incapacity render change unlikely in the future, there is nevertheless evidence of change emanating from the combination of broken rules (in the form of scandals), incommensurate practices and contemporary narratives about the need to engage with communities.

Moderating role of trust in the relationship between corporate governance and performance of agricultural cooperatives in Nigeria

This study aims to identify the moderating construct of trust in the performance of agricultural cooperatives in North-Western Nigeria. Business management cannot be overseen by the owner alone; it may require the services of other professionals. However, the high incidence of corrupt practices in the public and private sectors in developing African countries cripples many businesses. It makes it difficult to entrust the management of organisations to a third party. Trust is essential, especially in an environment with a loose execution of legal charges. Although a direct relationship between corporate governance and performance has been established across many disciplines, the influence of trust as an interactive construct has yet to be established. Therefore, this study addresses this gap. This study used concurrent triangulation design with a significant quantitative approach complemented by the qualitative segment involving seven open-ended questions. Data were collected from 384 cooperative for rice farmer’s by used of a survey design. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess the measurement model to test the hypotheses. An Excel spreadsheet was used to pre-code the data derived from open-ended questions, and later exported to ATLAS.ti software for qualitative analysis through coding, group coding and network. The findings revealed that corporate governance and trust significantly influenced agricultural cooperative performance. The moderating effect of trust on corporate governance was supported. The findings illustrate how social capital theory explains the processes of African trust, especially in corrupt environments with weak legal penalties. This study examines corporate governance within the internal control mechanisms of an agricultural cooperative society. Further studies should understand corporate governance within an external tie. To our knowledge this is the first study to examine the moderating effect of trust on the interacting variables in the African social capital theory model.