Quadrant Model Research Articles

Uwarunkowania rozwoju w okresie dzieciństwa w perspektywie edukacji integralnej

Introduction: The childhood period is characterised not only by robust quantitative and qualitative developmental dynamics, but also by significant vulnerability to disintegrating factors. Research Aim: The aim of this paper was to present an “intellectual tool” for an integral understanding of development (the cognitive aspect) and its stimulation (the practical aspect) during childhood, while identifying opportunities and risks associated with this stage of life. Evidence-based Facts: The text presents an intellectual tool – Ken Wilber’s 4 quadrants model. It can be used to recognise the area of disintegration in the upbringing process (the cognitive aspect), but also to design integrative activities (the practical aspect). The authors discuss the problems of coherence between interior-oriented and exterior-oriented, as well as between individual-oriented and community-oriented approaches to an individual. Furthermore, they present the problematic of integrating civilisation and nature, culturalism and naturalism, direct and mediated experience, and inner and outer consciousness. Summary: The presented article analyses issues related to one of the strategies included in the integral approach: the strategy of coherence. More broadly, it should be supported by a strategy of accessibility based on knowledge of theories of human development. These theories distinguish stages of development characterised by different increasingly complex competencies in terms of grasping reality.

The growing third mission of academia in China: evolution of technology innovation based on quadrant model

ABSTRACT Amid the prevalent paradigms of ‘mission-oriented' in contemporary scientific research, the supply of innovation by academia is becoming increasingly crucial in supporting socioeconomic development. Given the limited literature discussing technology transfer from a heterogeneous organisation perspective, grounded in the scientific research quadrant model applicable for patent analysis, this study establishes a dataset comprising nearly one hundred thousand patents transferred from ‘universities-research institutions’ to industries in China. It delineates the features of technological innovation evolution in China over the past two decades from three aspects: “patent transferred from academia” (PTA), “non-transferred patent in academia” (NTPA) and corporate-produced patent (CPP). The findings indicate that PTA patents in China have increased recently, and their scales correlate with economic development though early-developed regions don't always have higher PTA proportions. Meanwhile, PTA patents show a greater and more sustained economic impact compared to NTPA and CPP patents, with a moderating effect on the economic influence of other patents. Despite the growth in PTA's explanatory power regarding economic disparities, further enhancement is needed. This study, while unveiling the evolution of innovation in China from the perspective of technology transfer, underscores the importance of expanding academic knowledge diffusion to support economic growth.

Identification of User Requirements and their Influencing Factors Based on Online Reviews and Operational Data

It is crucial for enterprises to clearly identify user needs during the process of formulating product design improvement plans. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively and accurately identify user needs, explore the reasons behind the emergence of these needs, and incorporate user opinions into the process of product design improvement. A method is proposed to comprehensively and accurately capture user requirements and address the challenge of identifying the underlying causes of user requirements. This method utilizes online comments and operational data to identify user requirements and their influencing factors. First, text sentiment analysis techniques are employed to quantify the importance and performance values of product feature topics. Second, we construct a quadrant model to identify product features requiring improvement, and the original negative comments related to these features are traced. However, the quadrant model alone is insufficient to reflect specific product issues that users are concerned about. Therefore, a functional structure model based on product issues is designed to filter and identify factors that influence user requirements using operational data. Finally, a Bayesian network inference approach is utilized to identify the key influencing factors on user requirements, enabling analysis of the causes behind user requirements and the proposal of product design improvement strategies. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated through experiments conducted on heavy-duty truck data. By analyzing the original negative comments related to the power characteristics, specific user demands regarding the insufficient power of the product were identified, such as “obviously insufficient power when climbing slopes” and other issues. Based on the vehicle power system functional structure model, combined with expert knowledge and operational data, factors related to the state of parts and user behavior that may affect “insufficient vehicle power” were identified. Based on the analysis results, suggestions were made to improve the engine intake air temperature control strategy and to enhance vehicle performance by promoting correct user behavior through informational campaigns.

The Strong Black Women of the film American Fiction: An Exploration Using the Africana Media Representations Quadrants Model

The Strong Black Women of the film American Fiction: An Exploration Using the Africana Media Representations Quadrants Model

Does Using Core Quadrants Lead to More Teacher Self-Efficacy and Less Perceived Problem Behaviour?

PURPOSE. The number of childhood psychiatric classifications and treatments have risen rapidly in Western countries over recent decades. Since child behaviour often arises as a problem in schools, it seems important to find ways to help teachers successfully engage with pupils whose behaviours they experience as challenging. The present study attempts to shift special education teachers’ focus from challenging pupil behaviour, or pupil mental disorder, to teachers’ self-efficacy and less negative perception of pupil behaviour. METHODS. Ofman’s core quadrant model was used to engage teachers in reflecting on their own key competences, and relate them to possible pitfalls, challenges and aversions in their teaching. The professional development intervention entailed three subsequent team meetings, each lasting two and a half hours. Forty-seven teachers undertook the training, of which half (the control group) were initially put on a waiting list. Via quantitative questionnaires at three different time-points and qualitative post-intervention interviews with teachers involved, we analysed the influence of the intervention on teachers’ perceptions of problem behaviour and the grip they experienced on pupil behaviour (via a measure of self-efficacy). In the interviews, room was also made for reporting other outcomes of the training intervention. RESULTS. Neither quantitative nor qualitative data analysis revealed an effect of the intervention on self-efficacy or perceived pupil behaviour. The interview data suggest that teachers ascribe pupil behaviour they cannot control to factors outside themselves, primarily child mental disorder. CONCLUSION. Core quadrant training does not seem to alter how teachers engage with challenging pupil behaviour, nor does it help to reduce disorder thinking in special education. Our findings flag up the importance of better educating teachers about disorder thinking on the one hand, while on the other hand seeking ways to reduce the likelihood that teachers run out of pedagogical options, and instead further build up a sense of self-efficacy. Points of Interest: Childhood diagnostic classifications are on the rise in recent decades. Teachers often suggest diagnostic investigations of pupils, because they believe this will explain difficult behaviour or academic underperformance. A training aimed to shift the focus from disorder within a child to teacher’s own key competences, pitfalls, challenges and aversions, failed to change self-efficacy, behaviour perception and disorder thinking in teachers. To reduce disorder thinking in schools, simply educating teachers about what disorders are not and cannot explain, might be more effective than training programs, like studied in the present research.

Impact of Calcification on the Outcomes of Femoropopliteal Artery Endovascular Treatment Using a Polymer Coated Drug-Eluting Stent.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of calcification on the 12 and 24 months outcomes of the Eluvia™ (Boston Scientific®) drug-eluting stent (DES) for femoropopliteal occlusive disease using three different calcium scoring systems. A single-center, retrospective cohort-study (March-2016 to December-2018) of patients treated with the Eluvia™ DES for femoropopliteal atherosclerosis was performed. Outcomes included primary and secondary patency rates and freedom from target lesion revascularization (FTLR) and were analyzed by comparing the impact of calcium burden according to the following calcium scores: Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS) score, number of vessel quadrants affected (0-4) and calcification score per Peripheral Academic Research Consortium (PARC) definitions. In total, 111 Patients were included (mean age: 71.2 ± 7.9; 64% male). Most patients presented with Rutherford class 3 (79.9%), followed by class 5 (12.7%), class 4 (10%) and class 6 (6.4%). The mean lesion length was 197.6 ± 108.5mm and 74.3% of patients had chronic total occlusions. There were no differences in primary patency between the calcification scores at 12months (PACSS, LogRank = 0.28; quadrants, LogRank = 0.29; PARC, LogRank = 0.42) and 24months (PACSS, LogRank = 0.13; quadrants, LogRank = 0.42; PARC, LogRank = 0.13). FTLR was significantly lower at 12months in patients with calcification affecting 3 or 4 quadrants (LogRank = 0.022) but not at 24months (LogRank = 0.36). In this study, the Eluvia™ DES showed promising performance in calcified disease and the analysis according to the quadrant model predicted an increased risk for TLR at 12months.

Systematic and objective wet-lab testing of instruments for phacoemulsification: new Formalin Quadrant Model.

To validate an improved wet-lab model for systematic and objective efficiency testing of instruments for phacoemulsification. Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland. Experimental study. Porcine lenses were incubated for different time spans in formalin to simulate different cataract densities. Lenses were cut in quadrants and emulsified in a silicone test chamber. The use of ultrasound was restricted to full occlusion and the minimal power needed to promote emulsification. Equivalence to the surgical situation and cataract consistency were judged by an experienced surgeon. Efficiency was rated by effective phacoemulsification time, liquid consumption, and total surgery time. Formalin incubation times of 2 hours, 1.25 hours, and 0.5 hours were validated for hard, middle-hard, and soft cataracts, respectively. Systematic testing of different fluidics settings revealed the unique opportunities of the improved model: Experiments could be performed by laboratory staff without any surgical experience after a short training, and the model provided results in a fast and reproducible manner. Reduced effective phacoemulsification time, shorter total surgery time, and less liquid consumption were observed with higher fluidics settings, confirming and complementing earlier clinical findings. The Formalin Quadrant Model can be used to test new designs of instrumentation on different cataract densities or various instrument settings for efficiency. Using a validated cataract substitute, it closely represents the clinical situation and thus renders valid results in a short time. Instruments can be tested and improved profoundly before costly and elaborate clinical trials have to be applied.

Entering the Next Dimension: A Review of 3D User Interfaces for Virtual Reality

In the last decade, the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies has been increasing, as head-mounted display devices, such as the Meta Quest series, have become commercially accessible to everyday consumers. There are plenty of software applications developed for VR, ranging from games to serious training. Despite the fast-growing emergence of novel and natural gesture-based interface components, traditional windows, icons, menus, and pointer user interfaces still remain popular in these implementations. Therefore, navigating and interacting within 3-dimensional environments can still be challenging in virtual reality. This body of work will serve as a reference to the literature survey on 3-dimensional user interfaces and their implementations, and categorize them to reiterate a set of design recommendations for implementing 3-dimensional user interfaces in virtual reality. While questions revolve around the need for a 3-dimensional user interface if a 2-dimensional user interface suffices, we cannot ignore the capabilities and benefits offered when utilising 3-dimensional space. Unlike other work, this work proposes a novel metaphor-guided quadrant model to delineate the 3-dimensional user interface problem in an end-to-end manner. To achieve this, over 30 unique articles selected using a meta-analyses methodology were reviewed. The result highlights the dimensional semantics of the inputs and dimensional outcomes of the virtual targets. Notable reiterated design recommendations would match devices to interaction and then to the tasks in 3-dimensional environments, reducing the degrees of freedom, imposing constraints when possible, and not implementing one single best interaction technique. The results of this survey will be beneficial for virtual reality simulation designers or researchers attempting to determine the appropriate model when developing user interfaces for virtual reality content.

Three Quadrant Being: A New Analysis on Human Condition

The question of human existence and the meaning of life has been a topic of debate for generations. This paper presents the "Three Quadrant Model" as a new approach to understanding the human condition: the temporal, the absurd, and the meaningful states of being. These reflect three phases where humans may live within societal structures, recognize the inherent absurdity of existence, and create their own sense of meaning, respectively. While examining some investigated existential literature and historical philosophical perspectives, the research asserts that humans jump back and forth among these states rather than progressing linearly, as stated by Nietzsches three metamorphoses. The three states are characterized by equality, ambiguity, universality, and subjectivity. Ultimately, the model suggests that the quest for life's meaning is subjective, and that no single state is inherently superior to others. The study calls for further exploration into the logical foundations and practical applications of this model.

Completing the design for product circularity toolkit with hierarchical computation of circularity maturity diagram and redesign circular strategies

Circular product design is widely acknowledged as a foundational step for enterprises to implement and establish viable circular business models. To support this objective, it is vital for industrial enterprises to have an easy-to-apply practical design toolkit that can facilitate the assessment and enhancement of product circularity performance. To address this cross-cutting concern, this article proposes a novel framework called the Design for Product Circularity (DfPC) Toolkit which is an extension of our previous "Closing-Slowing Future-Past" (CSFP) quadrant model, the associated fifteen categories of CE-related products, and the associated product circularity index. The present framework aims to provide comprehensive diagnostics and guidelines to enhance product circularity. The original diagnostic approach presented augments the circularity metrics with a hierarchical calculation principle of a product circularity index, from the elementary circularity indexes of components and parts. The DfPC Toolkit design resulted in the presentation of 15 guidelines for design for product circularity, accompanied by 43 strategies and 225 sub-strategies. The findings of this study contribute to product circularity improvement across various industries by offering recommended alternatives for (re)design. In practice, the present DfPC Toolkit has been deployed on an industrial case study and validated through the proposition of valuable circularity-related improvement targets. The DfPC Toolkit provides a practical approach for industrial enterprises to assess and enhance their product circularity performance, ultimately enabling the transition to circular business models.

Mental state as a predictor of outcome in spinal stenosis surgery: Four quadrants model integrating patient satisfaction and functional outcome

IntroductionMental status, characterised by anxiety and depression, significantly influences physical well-being, particularly in patients with spinal stenosis symptoms. Research questionThe prevalence of depression and anxiety in our cohort. The correlation between psychological distress and physical outcome after surgery, including postoperative recovery and satisfaction. Materials and methodsQuestionnaires evaluating anxiety and depression (HADS), functionality (ODI), quality of life (EQ-5D), and perceived recovery (Likert-scale) were sent to a randomly selected cohort of 450 lumbar spinal stenosis patients, with or without spondylolisthesis, who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2013. Results are presented, dichotomised by HADS score (score ≥8 indicating psychologically impaired) and in a Four Quadrants Model integrating functional outcomes and perceived recovery separately for psychologically impaired and non-impaired cases. ResultsAmong the 147 included patients, 32 (22%) exhibited anxiety and/or depression (impaired cases). Satisfactory outcome (perceived recovery) was reported in 29.0% of the impaired cases and 78.3% of the non-impaired cases (p < 0.001). The mean postoperative functionality score of the impaired cases was 42.46 ± 16.24, in contrast to 18.48 ± 18.25 for the non-impaired cases (p < 0.001). In the impaired group, only 12.5% achieved both a good functional outcome (ODI ≤24) and satisfactory perceived recovery, compared with 58.4% in the non-impaired group. Discussion and conclusionPatients reporting anxiety and/or depression demonstrate an inferior long-term outcome after spinal stenosis surgery compared to non-impaired patients. This clinically relevant difference underscores the importance of addressing depression and anxiety in preoperative counselling to optimize patient satisfaction and functional outcomes.

How are ‘Pasteur researchers’ formed and what contributions do they make? A case study of a research institute in Korea

As R&D are tightly interrelated with product markets and practical social problems, research activities have broadened from creating scientific knowledge to innovating processes and products and providing end-user solutions. Stokes (1997) suggests that use-inspired basic researchers (Pasteur-type researchers) who focus on basic research and commercialization contribute to scientific excellence and market performance. In this study, we constructed a unique panel dataset of 212 researchers from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology for 2008–2017. The researchers were classified into four researcher types using Stokes's quadrant model based on their publications and patents in order to understand the drivers of Pasteur researchers. According to our empirical results, collaborations with industry sectors, research funds, and the age of researchers were key factors in the formation of Pasteur researchers. To understand the effect of Pasteur researchers on the performance of KIST, a t-test was conducted with the top 25 % (Q1) of researchers of each Stokes's researcher type. The results indicate that Pasteur researchers significantly contribute to the scientific performance of the institute.

Engagement and emotional exhaustion among higher education students; a mixed-methods study of four student profiles

ABSTRACT A decline in both student well-being and engagement were reported during the COVID-pandemic. Stressors and internal energy sources can co-exist or be both absent, which might cohere with different student needs. This study aimed to develop student profiles on emotional exhaustion and engagement, as well as examine how profiles relate to student participation, academic performance, and overall well-being. Survey-data from 1,460 Dutch higher education students were analyzed and resulted in a quadrant model containing four student profiles on engagement and emotional exhaustion scores. Semi-structured interviews with 13 students and 10 teaching staff members were conducted to validate and further describe the student profiles. The majority of the survey participants were disengaged-exhausted (48%) followed by engaged-exhausted students (29%). Overall, the engaged-energized students performed best academically and had the highest levels of well-being and participation, although engaged-exhausted students were more active in extracurricular activities. The engaged-exhausted students also experienced the most pressure to succeed. The qualitative validation of the student profiles demonstrates that students and teachers recognize and associate the profiles with themselves or other students. Changes in the profiles are attributed to internal and external factors, suggesting that they are not fixed but can be influenced by various factors. The practical relevance of the quadrant model is acknowledged by students and teachers and they shared experiences and tips, with potential applications in recognizing students’ well-being and providing appropriate support. This study enriches our grasp of student engagement and well-being in higher education, providing valuable insights for educational practices.

Sport communication: an analysis of coach roles through instructional communication framework

This research aims to identify the coach roles in youth football coaching at ASIFA (Aji Santoso International Football Academy) through an instructional communication framework. This research uses an approach method with two data collection techniques which include: Interviews with ASIFA coaches, and participant observations at ASIFA football coaching. The data analysis technique combines interactive analysis models and the theory of instructional communication. The results of this study showed that the role of coaches at ASIFA in the instructional communication framework can be classified into two types, namely: 1) Coach as communicators-instructors; and 2) Coach as communicator-facilitator. The difference in type has implications for the communication approach used by the coaches, which is mapped into a rhetorical approach and a relational approach. However, the type of coaches and the communication approach used by the coaches has a relationship with the coaching context that occurs. This research contributes to the formulation of an instructional communication quadrant model that can be carried out by coaches in youth football coaching.

Research On Customer Satisfaction Study in Meituan Company

The variables affecting customer satisfaction at Meituan are examined in this essay. First, the SWOT and PEST models were used to analyze Meituan's internal and exterior environments. Second, raw data are gathered through surveys and interviews, and the quadrant model is used to analyze the data. Finally, the position of the various factors in the quadrant diagram will be used to evaluate their impact and significance. The study concluded that, considering the 14 factors, it was found that convenience, brand and corporate image, delivery time and preferential strength were located in the strength area and had a greater impact on Meituan's user satisfaction.

Unfolding emotions for creating happiness and quality of life in Malaysia's low‐income community using text mining

AbstractDetermining the true reasons for happiness that exist in different social groups is important, especially in the case of those groups where poverty strongly dominates people's well‐being and happiness. To understand the factors that determine happiness among poor communities, this study collected data in the form of 1,793 responses from low‐income communities, who constitute 40% of Malaysia's workforce. To ascertain the feelings and emotional responses of the target group, primary source data were collected based on a questionnaire survey utilising the Lokman Emotion Importance Quadrant (LEIQ™) model. The data were analysed using text mining techniques based on R‐Language software. According to the findings, happiness in Malaysian low‐income communities is primarily shaped by concerns about family matters such as success, care issues, education and so on. Interestingly, government financial support, money, income and work matters are only fifth in importance, and lastly, the least emphasis was put on the public transportation issue. To ensure the true happiness and wellbeing of people who are struggling financially, policymakers must provide not only financial assistance but also ensure a better future for their families: better healthcare, better incomes, keeping a roof over their heads, etc. This study will be useful to the government, development agencies, NGOs, international organisations and other stakeholders wanting to realise the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Malaysia and similarly affected countries. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Investigating the impact of wettability heterogeneity on tertiary oil recovery by foam flooding: A macroscopic visualization study

The gas injection is a widely used technique for improving oil recovery; however, in reservoirs with heterogeneous characteristics, the injection of gas in the form of foam is more promising. Due to the heterogeneous nature of oil reservoirs, we compared the foam flow performance at the tertiary mode with that of gas injection using an anionic surfactant AOS and a cationic surfactant CTAB. Glass bead packed models were used with different patterns of wettability heterogeneity including oil-wet, water-wet, stripe, layer, and quadrant. While gas injection in heterogeneous models produced only 10–15% of the waterflood residual oil, foam injection could control the gas mobility and recover almost 30–50% of the residual oil. The most stable foam was formed in the water-wet porous medium whereas the lowest stable foam was visually observed in the oil-wet porous medium due to the presence of more residual oil. However, the synergistic effect of wettability alteration and piston-wise displacement of the foam front improved oil recovery even in the oil-wet medium compared to the gas injection scenarios. Among all heterogeneous models, the highest oil recovery was achieved in the layer model and its oil recovery profile was compatible with that of the water-wet homogeneous model. Conversely, we found that positioning an oil-wet layer strongly declined foam flow performance as was observed in both layer and quadrant models. Compared to the AOS foam, the CTAB foam was more stable and efficient in recovering waterflood residual oil in the models under study.

Brief Report: Sensory Features Associated with Autism After Controlling for ADHD Symptoms.

Sensory processing differences are reported bothin children with ADHD and in children with autism. Given the substantial overlap between autism and ADHD, the current study examined which sensory features were uniquely predictive of autistic traits after controlling for ADHD symptoms, age, IQ, and sex in a sample of children and adolescents with autism aged 6-17 years. The sample included 61 children and adolescents with autism. The Sensory Profile was used to examine Dunn's quadrant model (seeking, sensitivity, avoiding, registration), ADHD symptoms were measured using hyperactivity and attention problems BASC-2 T-scores, and autistic traits were measured using the AQ. After controlling for age, IQ, sex, and ADHD symptoms, Dunn's sensitivity quadrant predicted autistic traits. Findings provide insight into the phenotype of autism and ADHD. Sensory sensitivity may be unique to autism over and above elevated ADHD symptoms that are commonly seen in this population.

Mapping the Journey from the Head to the Heart: Actualizing Indigenization in the Health and Human Services Education

Camosun College’s commitment to Truth and Reconciliation includes Indigenization. At the College, Indigenization means the world views of Indigenous students are reflected in curriculum practices and non-Indigenous students are prepared to build better relationships with Indigenous peoples. The College uses a number of models to support Indigenization including an Indigenized Quadrant Model based on Wilber’s (1997) Integral theory. This Model is used in this research study to inventory the Indigenization interventions and activities internal and external to the College and examine participation rates by non-Indigenous faculty. At the time of the study, respondents viewed the College as midway on its progress of Indigenization. The results suggest that developing a few activities across the four quadrants of the Model and leveraging relevant activities in the larger community may be sufficient to build an Indigenization program within a post-secondary institute. We also identified a need for more advanced training to support non-Indigenous faculty to fully Indigenize their teaching practices. The focus of this advanced training includes developing skills to address racism and confront privilege not only in their students but also their professions. For administrators wanting to actualize Indigenization, we recommend the continued alignment, monitoring, and measurement of the impacts of Indigenization activities and programs.

Spatiotemporal variation and coupling of grazing intensity and ecosystem based on four quadrant model on the Inner Mongolia

Scientific understanding of the coupling relationship between grazing activities and grassland ecosystem is an important foundation for protecting and improving the ecological quality of grassland. This study took the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia) as the research area, systematically evaluated the grassland ecosystem and grazing intensity status in Inner Mongolia, and evaluated the ecological quality of Inner Mongolia county based on the four quadrant model. The results showed that: (1) The types of landscape patterns in Inner Mongolia were mainly grassland, forest, and desert. During the study period, the overall pattern of the landscape was stable, but problems such as urban expansion needed to be given more attention. (2) The areas with good grassland ecosystem carrying capacity were principally distributed in the eastern and southeastern Inner Mongolia, while the western Inner Mongolia and the northwest region of the Xilingol League were relatively low, and in the period 2000–2010 the ecological quality of the Inner Mongolia grassland in general belonged to the fair, middle level, but had been in a stable state and showed a good direction to improve the trend of ascension. (3) The grazing overload degree (GOD) in Inner Mongolia was significantly different in the region. GOD decreased from northeast to southwest in both periods. And most of the grassland stocking pressure was alleviated during 2000–2010. (4) The results of the four quadrant model analysis showed that there were obvious spatial differences in ecological quality in Inner Mongolia. And about 97% of the research area was located in the first, second, and fourth quadrants, with only 3% located in the third quadrant. From 2000 to 2010, the counties with nearly unchangeable and non-significantly worse accounted for 91.76% and 4.33%, respectively, indicating that the overall grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia remained stable and showed a slight improvement trend. This study can provide the necessary reference basis for the scientific formulation of grassland resources-related policies and plans and the promotion of grassland ecological protection in Inner Mongolia.