Quad-band Monopole Antenna Research Articles

Compact multiband monopole antenna design for IoT applications

In this work, a miniaturized quad-band monopole antenna design is presented for IoT applications. The proposed antenna comprises simple quarter-wavelength I-shaped, an inverted L-shaped, meander lines monopole radiators with microstrip feed line, tapered ground plane having dimension of and fabricated on an FR4 substrate. The radiation characteristics, such as reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain, efficiency, and radiation patterns, are analyzed from simulation and measurement results. The proposed quad-band antenna resonates at 1.8 (1.7–1.96) GHz, 2.4 (2.26–2.47) GHz, 3.35 (3.1–3.7) GHz, and 5.4 (5-5.65) GHz for GSM, WLAN, 5G, WiMAX applications respectively. Further, the proposed antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 14.4% at 1.8 GHz, 8.75% at 2.4 GHz, 17.9% at 3.35 GHz and 12.03 % at 5.4 GHz. It also exhibits omnidirectional radiation pattern with a gain of 1.5, 1.75, 2.5, and 3.7 dbi at 1.8, 2.4, 3.35, 5.4 GHz respectively and >75% total efficiency at its operating bands. The suitability of the designed antenna for IoT applications is validated through the hosting device model with copper sheet and plastic housing. The simulation and measurement results are having good agreement.

A novel compact quad-band planar antenna using meander-line, multi-stubs, and slots for WiMAX, WLAN, LTE/5G sub-6 GHz applications

AbstractThis article concerns the design of a new quad-band monopole antenna with a specific configuration and reduced size. The antenna design is based on a single step meander-line parasitic structure, parasitic stubs, and double inverted L-shaped defected microstrip structure units on the top side of the substrate, and double rectangular-shaped defected ground structure units along with partial ground plane on the bottom side. This design procedure allows to achieve quad-band characteristics and improve the impedance matching. The fabricated antenna prototype with overall dimensions of (0.24λ0 × 0.17λ0 × 0.013λ0) is operating at 2.55, 3.65, 4.65, and 5.8 GHz with fractional bandwidth about 7.7, 12.84, 9.23, and 12.8%, respectively. The antenna exhibits an omnidirectional and a monopole like radiation patterns in the H- and E-planes, respectively, with suitable gains between 2.1 and 3.75 dBi. The measurement results are in good agreement with simulation values, which indicates that the proposed antenna design is suitable for WiMAX, LTE B7 (2.52–2.75 GHz), Sub-6 GHz 5G (n77) (3.39 – 3.87 GHz), Sub-6 GHz 5G (n78) (4.4–4.86 GHz), and WLAN, LTE B46 (5.1–5.82 GHz) wireless applications.

Design a Quad Band Monopole Antenna for RFID, WLAN and WiMAX Application

A small, compact size antenna with multiband frequency function has become a high demand in this modern era. This demand for this multiband frequency antenna increases throughout the year due to evolution of modern technologies that in need of small devices with multi functions. In wireless communication system, a microstrip patch antenna was introduced to fulfil the requirement of the modern technologies. The antenna is built with small sizes with the ability to operate multiband frequencies. A quad-band monopole antenna is introduced in this paper. The purpose of this project is to design an antenna that has the capability of operating four different types of frequencies which are 915 MHz for RFID application, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for WLAN and 3.5 GHz for WiMAX application. The antenna is designed and simulated by using a Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The results obtained from the simulation process was analysed and recorded. The antenna is designed to have eight symmetrical rectangular strip lines microstrip patch. The substrate used for this antenna is FR-4 that has the permittivity of 4.3 and the dimension of 20 mm x 28 mm x 1.6 mm. A ground plane is constructed at the back of the antenna and it is fed with 50Ω microstrip line. The designing process involve three stages of antenna modification which are antenna 1 (four strip lines), antenna 2 (six strip lines) and antenna 3 (eight strip lines). The antenna managed to achieve quad band frequency in the simulation and has omni-directional radiation pattern. However, two of the operating frequency are for different frequency application. The new frequency application is 1.5 GHz for Global Positioning System (GSP) and 2.9 GHz for Third Generation (3G) application. Therefore, the results proved that the antenna designed can be used for GPS and 3G application.

A Compact Quad-Band Sickle-Shaped Monopole Antenna for燝SM�00/WiMax/WLAN Applications

In this paper a novel, compact, microstrip-fed, quad-band monopole antenna is presented for the application of Global System for Mobile communication (GSM 900), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The proposed antenna comprises of a sickle-shaped structure with four circular arc strips, and a modified rectangular ground plane. The four strips of the antenna are independently responsible for the four different resonant frequencies of the operating bands and can be tuned separately to control the radiation performance. The proposed quad-band antenna is designed to resonate at 940 MHz for GSM 900, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz for WiMAX and 5.85 GHz for WLAN applications. At the four intended operating bands, the antenna exhibits impedance bandwidth of 60 MHz (905–965 MHz), 80 MHz (2.45–2.53 GHz), 110 MHz (3.48–3.59 GHz) and 2.39 GHz (4.82–7.21 GHz), respectively. At the resonance frequency of the four bands, the gain of the proposed antenna is obtained as 4.2, 2.5, 1.7 and 1.9 dBi, respectively. A prototype of the designed antenna is fabricated and a good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed. Furthermore, the proposed antenna shows good radiation characteristics and gains at all the four operating bands.

Performance Investigations of a Quad-band Microstrip Antenna for Body Wearable Wireless Devices

This research work proposes a microstripbased quad-band monopole antenna for body Wearable Wireless Devices (WWD) for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. Ultra high frequency (UHF) and Ultra wide band (UWB) technology have been known for their efficiency to meet power, size and distance considerations for WBANs. The designed antenna resonates at four frequencies, 1.8, 2.4, 5.0 and 8.9 GHz covering licensed and license-free wireless technologies. The antenna design considers the electromagnetic (EM) effects due to the interaction of body tissues with the radio frequency (RF) waves, which are very different when compared to their interaction with free space. The performance of the antenna is investigated in terms of radiation efficiency, total gain, specific absorption rate (SAR), and thermal effects (short and long term). A simplified, human body tissue layer model is used for simulations utilizing EM computations. Simulated and experimental results are paralleled and are found to be in good agreement.

Reconfigurable Quad-Band Antenna for Wireless Communication

This letter presents a thorough procedural investigation of a highly compact reconfigurable quad-band monopole antenna providing multiband operation at 1.85 GHz (GSM 1900 MHz), 2.42 GHz Bluetooth/IMTE, 3.4 GHz (Wi-MAX) and 5.3 GHz wireless LAN (WLAN) for personal wireless applications (PWA). The investigated antenna structure consists of a ‘5′- shaped stub that facilitates operation for GSM applications and a semicircular arc for Bluetooth/IMT-E applications, while an inverted L-shaped stub facilitates dual-band operation for Wi-MAX and wireless LAN applications. The presented antenna is fed using an asymmetrical coplanar strip-line (ACS) feed. The triple-band frequency reconfiguration operation, over the Bluetooth, Wi-MAX, and WLAN frequency bands, is achieved by embedding two PIN diode RF switches. The investigated antenna is developed on a highly economical FR-4 glass epoxy substrate that is 1 mm thick with a compact size of 24 × 10 mm2. The presented antenna has measured impedance bandwidths of 1.7–1.91 GHz (BW = 11.63%), 2.35–2.55 GHz (BW = 10.31%), 3.3–3.7 GHz (BW = 11.428%) and 5.10–5.6 GHz (BW = 9.345%) providing frequency reconfigurable quad-band operation at the aforementioned frequency bands. The antenna offers simulated gains of 1.8, 3.45, 4.91 and 0.86 dBi; measured gains of 2.3, 2.7, 2.82 and 2.6 dBi and radiation efficiencies of 83%, 61%, 82% and 86% at 1.85 GHz, 2.42 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 5.3 GHz, respectively. The investigated antenna exhibits nearly symmetrical radiation patterns and stable acceptable gains across all application bands, thus making the antenna suitable for wireless communication.

Design of a Quad-Band Monopole Antenna with Independent Frequency Control

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed I-shaped monopole antenna with independent frequency control characteristic is presented for simultaneously satisfying the global positioning system (GPS), wireless local area network (WLAN), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. It is printed on an FR4 substrate with a single-layered metallic structure and the overall dimensions are [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm3. The proposed antenna consists of an I-shaped monopole, a pair of split-ring resonators (SRRs), and a coplanar ground plane. The unique advantage of this study is that the four frequency bands are generated individually by different radiating elements. That is, each of them can be controlled independently with little interference from others, which brings added convenience to the antenna design, optimization and debugging processes. Simulated and measured results both demonstrate that it can cover the 1.575[Formula: see text]GHz GPS (1.57–1.59[Formula: see text]GHz); 2.4/5.2/5.8[Formula: see text]GHz WLAN (2.4–2.485, 5.15–5.35 and 5.725–5.825[Formula: see text]GHz) and 3.5/5.5[Formula: see text]GHz WiMAX (3.40–3.60 and 5.25–5.85[Formula: see text]GHz) applications with satisfactory radiation patterns and acceptable gains.

A quad-band monopole antenna with defected ground plane for L-band/WiMAX/WLAN applications

In this paper, a planar quad band monopole antenna excited by the microstrip line feed is proposed for L-band, WiMAX and WLAN applications. The proposed antenna is composed of radiating element in the form of L, U and inverted Lshaped strips on the top surface of substrate and defected ground plane on the bottom surface. By adjusting the length of the strips, the resonant frequencies can be reformed individually. The overall dimension of the prototype of the proposed quad band antenna is 50x35x1.6mm?. From the measured results it is found that the proposed antenna has exhibited four distinct operating bands (return loss less than -10dB) of 170MHz (from 1.16 to 1.33GHz), 550MHz (from 1.53 to 2.08GHz), 470MHz (from 2.43 to 2.90GHz) and 3930MHz (from 3.77 to 7.70GHz). First two bands operated in L-band, third band can be used for WiMAX lower band (2.5GHz) and bandwidth of fourth band may be used for WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (5.5GHz) applications. It is also observed that the proposed antenna has good radiation patterns and acceptable gains over the whole operating bands. The design process and parametric analyses are explained with the help of simulation software HFSS v.11.

A Small Quad-Band Monopole Antenna with Folded Strip Lines for WiMAX/WLAN and ITU Applications

In this article, a small Quad-Band microstrip patch antenna with folded strip lines for WiMAX/WLAN and ITU Applications is presented. This antenna consists of eight symmetrical rectangular folded strip lines with 2 PIN diodes, ground plane and dimensions of 15 -20 -1.6mm 3 . Using PIN diodes integrated within the antenna configuration, the antenna would be able to operate in two modes. The operational frequency bands of antenna are WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8GHz), WiMAX (3.5/5.5GHz) and ITU-Region 1 allocation (4.3GHz) when diodes=on. In this design approach of antenna, omnidirectional radiation pattern and       S 11 -10dB bandwidths are obtained for all frequency bands. This antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate with permittivity of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.024.

An ACS-fed F-shaped monopole antenna for GPS/WLAN/WiMAX applications

In this paper, an asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed quad-band monopole antenna for the global positioning system (GPS), wireless local area network (WLAN), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications is proposed. It is composed of an F-shaped monopole and a partial ground plane, which are both printed on one side of a low-cost FR4 substrate with a compact volume of 40 × 20 × 1.6 mm3. By cutting an open-ended Γ-shaped slot into the F-shaped monopole, four distinct resonant modes are successfully generated. The design process, especially the geometrical configuration of the critical Γ-shaped slot is studied in detail. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and experimental results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth can fully cover the 1.575-GHz GPS (1.57–1.59 GHz), 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN (2.4–2.485, 5.15–5.35, and 5.725–5.825 GHz), and 2.5/3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX (2.50–2.69, 3.30–3.70, and 5.25–5.85 GHz) applications with nearly omni-directional radiation patterns and satisfactory gains.

Quad-Band Monopole Antenna Including LTE 700 MHz With Magneto-Dielectric Material

A magneto-dielectric (MD) material, which has allowably low magnetic loss and moderate permeability for the wireless communication band, is presented. A quad-band monopole antenna with the MD material is proposed and compared to an antenna with a dielectric material. It is demonstrated that the MD material is advantageous for an antenna miniaturization and bandwidth expansion for the LTE 700 MHz. Measured results of the total efficiencies and envelope correlation coefficients for the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with the MD materials are presented. It is demonstrated that the MD antenna has relatively higher efficiencies at the band edges and wider impedance bandwidth than the dielectric antenna for the LTE Band 17, and the developed MD material can be practically applicable to the wireless communication systems.

Compact quad band monopole antenna

In this article, a compact quad band monopole antenna is demonstrated. Asymmetric coplanar strip feeding is applied in the design in order to compact the size. The proposed antenna fabricated on a FR4 substrate has an overall size of 30–30 mm2. By integrating an invert-C slot and a modified invert-F strip into an invert-C patch, multiple resonant frequencies can be excited at 1.1, 2.35, 3.6, and 5.4 GHz individually for global positioning system, wireless local area network, Bluetooth/ISM, and Wi-MAX applications. The measured result has shown a good agreement with the simulation results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1272–1276, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25994

Quad‐band internal monopole mobile‐phone antenna

AbstractA novel internal monopole antenna suitable for applications in AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS quad‐band mobile phones is presented. The antenna comprises two orthogonal wideband monopole elements for operation at about 900 and 1850 MHz, covering the APMS/GSM (824–894/890–960 MHz) and DCS/PCS (1710–1880/1850–1990 MHz) bands, respectively. The quad‐band monopole antenna is also arranged in a compact structure such that it has a low profile (only 6 mm in this study) and protrudes from the top edge of the system ground plane of a communications device, thus making it very promising as an internal antenna, built‐in within the device's casing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 359–361, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11381